Implementation of occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS) on work-related accident rate in the manufacturing industry, Indonesia

The Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) is an important part of the protection of the workforce so that workers remain safe, healthy and safe. Every year in the manufacturing industry in the Sleman area, Yogyakarta Special Region, work accidents result in losses for the company because they have to be taken to the hospital. This study aims to determine the application of OSH to the occurrence of work-related accidents. This type of research is qualitative. The research was carried out in the manufacturing industry of the Hospital Equipment (HE) Division of the Pre-Treatment and Painting Unit. The research instrument uses the criteria for the OSH audit checklist, Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012, which consists of 5 principles, 12 criteria, and 166 items. The range of results from the audit achievement is 0 – 100%. The implementation of OSH in the company is 76.5%, in the category of good implementation, namely for the level of achievement of 60 - 84%. The number of findings was 39 criteria with major non-conformance categories 0 criteria and 39 minor criteria. The implementation of OSHMS can minimize the incidence of work accidents in workplace.


Introduction
In the current era of globalization, technology is increasingly advanced for industries such as mechanization, electrification, and modernization processes. The ASEAN-level free market, commonly known as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), requires increased in work productivity to compete and produce goods and services of good quality. Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) is closely related to the production process, services, and industry. The rapid development of Indonesia can increase the intensity of work, resulting in an increased risk of accidents in the work environment [1]. This shows the importance of implementing OSH in the industry so that the OSH culture is realized with the hope that its output reduces the incidence of work accidents or even zero accidents, preventing occupational diseases, and increasing productivity. The fulfilment of OSH in a company environment would impact the health quality of its workers [2].
Indonesia issued regulations regarding the implementation of OSHMS, namely Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012. The OSHMS is a protection system for workers and construction services to minimize the risk of moral, material loss, loss of working hours, as well as human safety and the surrounding environment to support more effective and efficient performance improvements [3]. However, only 2.1% of large-scale companies have implemented OSH in Indonesia [4]. According to Kemas & Hasmawaty (2019), work productivity can be influenced by sources of hazards and risks in the workplace that threaten the safety and health of the workforce. In Indonesia, work accidents have increased from year to year [5]. Based on the Ministry of Manpower (2020) data, the number of work accidents in 2020 was 177,000 cases, increasing 35.6% from 2019. The manufacturing industry is a private company in Indonesia engaged in manufacturing and engineering, focusing on hospital equipment products. The products produced include patient beds, wheelchair trolleys, patient room furniture, operating tables, examination tables, shelves, cabinets, folding beds, and so on [6]. The Hospital Equipment (HE) Division has four processing units, namely Welding, Pre-Treatment & Painting, Assembling, and Packing. The company obtained OHSAS 18001:2007 certification in the Pre-Treatment and Painting Unit because this unit has a higher potential hazard level than other units.
Every year in the manufacturing industry, work accidents result in losses for the company and must be taken to the hospital. Accidents that occur such as broken fingers, pinched fingers, eyes hit by grinding sparks, and so on. The field study results show that in 2014 there were 19 cases of work accidents; in 2013, there were 23 cases; in 2012, there were 25 cases; and in 2011, there were 24 cases of work accidents. Based on observations, the application of OSH signs in the manufacturing industry has not been optimal. Some workers still take unsafe actions such as violating the work area boundary line, not using glasses when grinding, and not using safety shoes. Based on the description above, this research needs to be carried out to determine the application of the OSHMS to work accidents.

Materials and Methods
This study uses qualitative analysis and research design in case studies that aim to describe or describe the situation, assess and find out the implementation of OSHMS. This research was conducted in one of the manufacturing industries in the Hospital Equipment Division of the Pre-Treatment and Painting Unit. The reason for choosing the research location is because the unit has implemented OSHMS through OHSAS 18001:2007 certification regarding OSHMS. In this study, an audit of OSHMS was conducted to determine the implementation of OSHMS in the company and then associated with the incidence of work accidents. The success rate of the OSHMS audit results can be known through calculations using the following formula: In this study, an audit of OSHMS was conducted by checking documents, implementation, field observations, and interviews with management and workers in the field. The research instrument used is the OSHMS audit checklist criteria in Appendix II of PP 50 of 2012 Ministry of Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia, consisting of 5 principles, 12 criteria, and 166 items. With the results of the audit achievement that is 0 -100% [7]. In this study, an audit of OSHMS was conducted by checking documents, implementation, field observations, and interviews with management and workers in the field.

Result and Discussion
Based on Attachment II of Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of OSHMS, the audit was obtained in the production division of the Hospital Equipment Division of the Pre-Treatment and Painting Unit of the Manufacturing Industry. According to the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia Number 26 of 2014 concerning the Implementation of OSH Implementation Assessments, manufacturing industry audits are included in the advanced level criteria by fulfilling 166 criteria with 39 findings totalling 39 criteria with details of major nonconformance categories of 0 criteria and 39 minor criteria. The success rate of the OSH audit results can be known through calculations using the following formula: Based on the calculations that have been made, the achievement of the implementation of OSH in the manufacturing industry for the production division of the Hospital Equipment PreTreatment and Painting Unit is 76.5%. The results of the OSH audit are in a good category, with a range of implementation achievements of 60 -84%. When a work accident occurs in the company, it is necessary to identify an investigation report on all cases of non-compliance [8]. The overall findings of the OSH audit can be seen in Table 1. There is no such procedure, and there is no procedure for hot work permits, confined space permits, work at heights.
Minor We are making work procedures or Work Instructions (WI) in the workplace.
For work permits, for example, hot work permits, confined space permits, work at heights, excavation/depth work, radiation work, etc., depending on the processes in place at work.

6.
6.1.5 There is a work permit system for high-risk tasks.
There is no work permit system such as work at height, work permit, confined space permit.
Minor Control and establishment of a high-risk work permit system. They are making work permit forms as well as standards that are applied and their control. 7.
6.1.6 PPE is provided as needed, and used correctly and consistently maintained in a usable condition. There is no procedure for giving briefings to visitors or business partners and no safety induction to visitors or guests.
Minor Making procedures and conducting safety induction for guests, contractors, visitors who enter the company area in order to know the potential dangers in the company era.
Based on the results of the OSHMS audit in the company, the results showed that the achievement of OSHMS implementation was in a good category, with a score of 76.5%. According to Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Number 26 of 2014, if a company certifies the implementation of OSHMS with achievements (60-84%), then the company is entitled to a certificate and silver flag for that achievement. There is a significant relationship between the number of work accidents and the level of compliance with OSH implementation [9][10]. These results predict that an increase in compliance with the application of OSH by 1 criterion will reduce the number of work accidents by 12 cases. According to the ILO, OSH has been proven to reduce the number and severity of work accidents, which in turn reduces the amount of work accident insurance (work accident compensation costs) [9] [10]. The implementation of OSH is determined by the willingness and involvement of all management and workforce, as well as the participation of the Occupational Safety and Health Committee (P2K3) in the implementation of OSH in the company, which has an impact on the number of work accidents and work accident claims. One of the main keys to working safely, safely, and in a healthy working environment is the comprehensive implementation of OSH [10].
The results of secondary data analysis of work accidents in the company show a decrease in the number of work accidents in the Hospital Equipment Division, which has implemented OSH, namely Pre-Treatment and Painting Units. From a total of 26 work accident cases in the HE Division in 2011-2014, units that have implemented OSHMS have a lower work accident rate than units that have not implemented OSHMS. There are 9 cases of work accidents in the Assembling Unit, 11 cases in the Welding Unit, 4 cases in the Packing, and 2 cases in the Pre-Treatment & Painting Unit. This shows that the implementation of OSHMS can significantly reduce the incidence of work accidents in the company. Units that have implemented OSH based on OHSAS 18001:2007 have a lower or smaller number of work accidents when compared to units that have not implemented OSH. Efforts that can be made to minimize work accidents are by supervising workers using PPE, warning workers to be more careful, and conducting routine checks on workers, tools, and various matters related to OSH [10].
The application of OSH in the construction sector, in general, could reduce the number of work accidents by 67% and, in particular, fatal accidents decreased by 10.3% [11]. Occupational safety and health will be maximized to reduce the number of work accidents in certain groups or organizations if the organizational and administrative aspects of occupational safety and health management are addressed with socialization and motivation. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct thorough socialization to all employees' work environments [12]. Roga (2015) research shows that organizational and administrative factors as an element of OSH management significantly reduce the number of accidents due to work. This is also in line with Stave (2005), who stated that the OSH implementation program requires parties such as leaders or chairpersons and other administrators to be involved in it.

Conclusion
Based on the results of research conducted on applying the occupational health and safety management system to work accidents, the results of the audit of the implementation of OSHMS in the manufacturing industry, Sleman Regency, amounted to 76.5%. The implementation of OSHMS can significantly reduce the incidence of work accidents in the company. Units that have certified implemented OSHMS have a lower or smaller number of work accidents when compared to units that have not implemented OSH. Nowadays, the new standard ISO 45001:2018 about OSHMS, standard or regulation one of effort can minimize the risk of work accidents and occupational diseases in workplaces. .