Improving commodity lending to the agro-industrial complex as an element of the state support system

The study relevance is due to the fact that commodity lending is a fairly new procedure for agricultural producers in the state support. The study purpose is to diagnose the mechanisms of commodity lending in the livestock industries in the Samara region AIC and to develop methods for their optimization. Today, the current state of commodity lending is largely a prerequisite for the development of the economy and an integral element of the country’s economic growth. At the same time, we propose to introduce a system of control over the use of funds aimed at commodity lending, grants, subsidies, state support, to optimize the purposefulness of the received commodity lending funds, in order to prevent their further use for other purposes. The recommendations will contribute to improving the process of commodity lending to the AIC, both in the medium and long term. Competent organization of the commodity lending process will ensure the uninterrupted and effective work of the SUE SR “Veles”, the Ministry of Agriculture, agricultural producers in the field of commodity lending and, as a result, will strengthen the economy of the region as a whole.


Introduction
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that commodity lending is a fairly new procedure for agricultural producers in the field of state support, it is designed to ensure stable development and support of the main agricultural producers, including animal husbandry [1][2][3][4][5][6].
The need to study commodity lending as one of the measures of state support for the agro-industrial complex (AIC) is determined by the important role of the industry, which it plays as a driver of economic growth of business entities in the industry [7][8][9]. The problem of finding and introducing the most promising methods of state financing of the agricultural sector is now coming to the fore. The agro- industrial complex is a sector of the economy, on the effective functioning of which the economic and food security of the state directly depends [10][11][12][13][14].
Agriculture performs the most important social function of the state -it provides the population with food [15][16][17][18]. In addition, the strategic importance of the sector has been recognized. The agricultural sector forms a special way of life, different from the urban one, and a large number of Russian citizens have traditionally been employed in agricultural production [19][20][21][22].  It can be noted that already at the stage of their development, agricultural producers can successfully carry out commodity lending operations, which is especially important in the context of import substitution; it is planned to expand the scope of activities of agricultural enterprises, covering all new infrastructural areas (breeding, quarantine, etc.) [23][24][25][26][27][28].

Methodology
The purpose of the study is to diagnose the mechanisms of commodity lending in the livestock industries in the agro-industrial complex of the Samara region and to develop methods for their optimization. Tasks: -to analyze the state, principles and problems of commodity lending in the agricultural sectors, -to reveal the methods of commodity lending of the agro-industrial complex, -to analyze the trends in the development of the agro-industrial complex in the Samara region, -to analyze commodity lending at agricultural enterprises in the Samara region, -to evaluate budgetary instruments financial mechanism of commodity lending to the agro-industrial complex in conditions of economic instability in the region, -to disclose the methods of commodity lending in the agro-industrial complex as the main factors for increasing their efficiency, -to consider the prospects for commodity lending in livestock farming in the agro-industrial complex, as a way to increase their efficiency and increase the economic potential in the industry as a whole, -to develop proposals for improving commodity lending in the branches of the agro-industrial complex of the Samara region. The subject of the research is the commodity lending of economic entities of the agro-industrial complex in the Samara region.
The results of the study were tested at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex of the Samara region in cooperation with the State Unitary Enterprise Samara Region "Veles" and the Rosselkhoznadzor.

Discussion and results
Commodity lending has become widespread due to the variety of forms and conditions. Along with the traditional approach -the provision of goods on terms of payment, repayment, urgency, the type of commodity lending is widely used as a form of state support, including in the conditions of agricultural production. This approach was most widespread in the United States, within the framework of the created Commodity and Credit Corporation. It performs a wide variety of functions within the government regulatory system [29][30][31][32][33].
In the Russian Federation, the practice of commodity lending is limited geographically (Tambov, Samara regions and a number of other regions) and functionally (support for the acquisition of commodity and breeding animals for completing the herd) [34][35][36].
In the context of the development of import substitution mechanisms and an increase in gross and commercial production of livestock products in the Samara region, the question of the development of livestock breeding and access to regional markets is on the agenda. The region provides state support to the main livestock producers. The structure of state support in 2017-2019, brought to the attention of agricultural producers of the Samara region, in the context of funding sources is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from the data presented, the main funding comes from the regional budget, while the dynamics of the ratio in 2017-2018 amounted to more than 58%, in 2019 there was an increase in funding from the regional budget to 63%, which is due to the fulfillment of the federal program standards, which led to an increase in the volume of funds issued, while the federal budget funds were accordingly reduced from 42% to 37%. Those the region increases independence in financing agricultural sectors in order to increase the efficiency of its development.
The structure of state support for livestock enterprises in the Samara region by areas and types of production is shown in figure 3. From the data presented, it can be stated that the main directions of state support are associated with the development of the dairy industry (33% + 17%), and the meat sector (16%), a large share of subsidies is aimed at repaying commodity loans (11%). The rest of the enterprises make up less than 5%.  Figure 3. The structure of state support for livestock enterprises in the Samara region by areas and types of production. Table 1 shows the dynamics of state support for regional producers in 2017-2019 in order to reimburse the costs of reproduction in the livestock industry.    As a result of state support for livestock enterprises, an increase in the revenue of subsidized enterprises was obtained by 34.3%, while the cost price increased by 24.4%, state support for three years was made in unequal payments and in 2019 it was reduced, as enterprises were able to partially invest their own funds. , which ultimately led to an increase in profits by 56.7% and contributed to an increase in profitability from 20.5% to 24.6%, and the share of state support funds was reduced from 37.8% to 24.1%. Consequently, the state support had a positive result on the development of animal husbandry in In the Samara region, the use of commodity lending in agriculture is still limited to two main areas. The first is a commercial loan at the level of economic entities (provision at the beginning of the season of seeds, agricultural fertilizers, fertilizers, etc., and settlement at the end -in money or finished products) [37].
The second is commodity lending with state support through the State Unitary Enterprise SR "Veles". Within the framework of this direction, the state (represented by the State Unitary Enterprise) provides breeding or commercial livestock to agricultural enterprises in the region. At the end of the loan term, the organization must return one head of livestock. In this case, the annual payment is 5% of the book value of the original head. At the same time, one of the strategic goals is achieved -maintaining and increasing the number of livestock in the region.
The system of commodity lending has shown itself to be quite effective, as follows from the data in table 4. In order to support the development of the agro-industrial complex in the Samara region, it was possible to bring the development of animal husbandry in the region to a new level and provide an opportunity for producers to increase their competitiveness in the regional market. At the same time, in order to further increase the efficiency and profitability of the livestock industry in the Samara region, it is necessary to consider the prospects for the development of commodity lending in the new economy and the timely adoption of anti-crisis measures.
The main strategic directions of development of SUE SR "Veles" in the short term are shown in figure 4.  To avoid losses to agricultural producers from a possible redistribution of the food market of the Russian Federation in favor of large companies in commodity lending, it is necessary to integrate the veterinary system of the Rosselkhoznadzor "Mercury" into the work of the SUE SR "Veles". This will allow, in the shortest possible time, to receive reliable information about the condition of commodity producers, which are included in the database of possible recipients of a commodity credit in the veterinary system ( figure 5).
With the introduction of this system in the SUE SR "Veles" the list of information consumers will increase, the activities of agricultural enterprises will become more open, which will optimize the system of commodity lending for the next few years and will ultimately lead to an increase in the financing of the industry in the region. For this, the SUE SR "Veles", together with private investors, is developing a project that provides for two stages of implementation: 1. At the first stage, build (reconstruct) a complex of buildings for the production of beef meat in accordance with modern requirements 2. At the second stage, to expand the complex of buildings for the production of beef meat according to the final production capacity of 12.000 tons/year.
To implement the project, investments of 2.7 billion rubles will be required. The structure of the current expenses of the agricultural complex is shown in table 5. The performance indicators of the joint project of the SUE SR "Veles" with private investors to expand the production of a livestock farm are shown in table 6.  Figure 6. Break-even point of the agricultural complex, thousand rubles.
In figure 6 shows the breakeven point of the project.

Conclusions
Today, the current state of commodity lending to the agro-industrial complex is largely a prerequisite for the development of the economy and an integral element of the country's economic growth.
At the same time, we propose, in order to increase the efficiency of commodity lending in the agroindustrial complex of the Samara region, to introduce a system of control over the use of funds aimed at commodity lending, grants, subsidies, state support, to optimize the purposefulness of the received commodity lending funds, in order to prevent their further use for other purposes.
The proposed recommendations, in our opinion, will contribute to improving the process of commodity lending to the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions, both in the medium and long term. Competent organization of the process of commodity lending, taking into account all possible directions for improving this activity, will ensure the uninterrupted and effective work of the SUE SR "Veles", the Ministry of Agriculture of the region, agricultural producers of the agro-industrial complex in the field of commodity lending and, as a result, will strengthen the economy of the region as a whole.