The problem of state support measures in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation

The article presents the author’s view on the state regulation of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation. The authors made an attempt to analyze the measures of support of domestic farmers from the public sector, identified the positive aspects of the current norms of federal legislation that contribute to the development of farming. It is shown present development of the agro-industrial complex, the support of domestic agricultural producers is one of the most effective tools that allows modern Russia to occupy a leading position.


Introduction
At present, the role of agriculture in the economy of the Russian Federation is difficult to overestimate. If we turn to history, we can note the fact that since the development of agriculture, people have felt a great interest in agriculture due to the need to meet their own physiological needs to feed themselves, their families. At present, the role of agriculture has not lost its significance, since it is this branch of the economy that is able to provide the population with food products, thus forming the food security of the state. Today, agriculture in our country is a complex of interconnected sectors of the economy, the main specialization of which is the production of raw materials for industry (food and processing) [1]. Some of these industries are engaged in the production of products that are completely ready for further consumption and further processing in this case is not always required. An example is the production of vegetable growing, dairy production and horticulture. Agricultural products will always be in demand in the activities of other industries that do not have a direct or indirect connection with the production of products. Thus, agricultural products have been actively used in pharmaceutical production, as well as in the footwear and textile industries [2]. Also, certain types of raw materials can act as a base for the production of biofuels.

Materials and methods
The agricultural sector of the economy is an integral part of the agro-industrial complex of Russia and acts as its key element [3]. In addition to agriculture, the agro-industrial complex includes: food processing industry; industries aimed at providing the agricultural sector with production equipment and resources (mechanical engineering, industries for the production of agricultural chemicals, fertilizers); infrastructure industries related to the maintenance of the above-mentioned industries (logistics services, financial services, management).
The components of the agricultural sector are farms, the main specialization of which is animal husbandry and crop production. Special attention is given to these types of agricultural activities in our country.
According to the research of the SPC Giproniselkhoz, currently the organization of farms is becoming increasingly popular due to their profitability. So, most often they establish farms for the production of milk with the number of cattle of up to 25, for poultry up to 5000 pieces annually, for meat and dairy cattle breeding up to 100 heads, pigs -up to 500 sows. As for crop production, it is profitable to grow vegetables and cereals with an area of up to 1 ha in the open ground and up to 0.5 ha in the closed ground.
State support for agriculture exists in all countries that have the appropriate financial resources. The mechanism of state support for agriculture in the Russian Federation is currently based on the following principles: sufficiency of funding that is allocated from the budget, strict implementation of the established indicators of this funding; targeted financing of the state, priority in the distribution of funds allocated from the budget, aimed at supporting and developing agriculture; proactive orientation of state support, able to resist the destabilization of agricultural markets; timely support, consisting in assistance in urgent issues of agricultural development; targeted nature of the distribution of state support measures; accessible nature of all types of support from the state to all producers of the agricultural sector; transparent nature in planning the volume of state support, as well as in its distribution, use and control; flexibility of state support, consisting in a timely response to changes in agricultural markets; study of regional peculiarities in the process of planning a single market state space, in the course of cofinancing of individual programs; the transparent nature of the provision of support measures, not only in relation to the movement of budget funds, but also, above all, in relation to the criteria for their provision; timely control of the targeted use and effectiveness of measures to support agriculture on the part of the state.
In the Russian Federation, support for agriculture is a program of the president that has been implemented for a long time, it was launched in 2013. Different support measures can be received by farmers currently. Measures of state support for agriculture are defined by Federal Law No. 264-FL of 29.12.2006 "On the Development of Agriculture" [5].
These measures include the provision of loans on special terms, including subsidies to farmers for leasing agricultural machinery, compensation to farmers for lost income in situations where the state requires a reduction in prices for products of social significance, as well as measures of state support to farmers in times of low harvest. These requirements apply to farmers who have been engaged in agricultural activities for a long time. Let's look at how you can get help from the state if a farmer is just starting his business. In this case, the national program "Novice Farmer" has proven itself positively [6][7][8][9].
Within the framework of this program, there are two options: receiving 1500.000 rubles or an amount up to 300.000 rubles. The purpose of this grant is targeted and it can be used for the purchase of livestock, feed, fertilizers, etc. It is also possible to purchase a land plot, its purpose must also be targeted and it will not be possible to purchase a plot for the construction of a summer cottage. This program also involves the protection of the farmer's business plan, followed by farming for a minimum of five years and the funds that will be received must be mastered in a period of no later than two years.
There is also a program "family livestock farm", which is located at the junction of several programs: social, demographic and agricultural. So, within the framework of this program, all participating farms must be related to each other. Under this program, it is possible to cover up to 60% of the farm's expenses in accordance with the submitted business plan, but not more than 10 million rubles, and 40% of the grant amount is required to be provided at the expense and funds of the applicant. The main condition is that the main activity of the farm should be the breeding of meat and dairy cattle.

Result
To solve the tasks of the programs under consideration, a comprehensive and systematic approach is required, which will be focused on the long term, involving the involvement of program-targeted methods that can ensure the relationship of activities in terms of deadlines, material resources, performers, as well as the creation of the management and control process itself. With the positive implementation of all stages, the program of support for agriculture assumes that by the end of the program period it will be available: increase in the production scale of the agricultural sector in the context of all categories; increase in the weight of agricultural products, food products that are produced in the region, in the total volume of consumption; improvement of living conditions of citizens in rural areas (improvement of housing conditions); improving the quality of engineering communications and structures in rural areas; increase in the number of diagnostic studies in the field of infectious diseases of animal husbandry; increase in the number of preventive vaccination of animals against dangerous infectious diseases.
In November 2020, the Government of the Russian Federation approved a package of changes to the program for the development of agriculture, which entered into force on January 1, 2021. According to Resolution No. 1932, new measures of state support for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises were introduced, for which "Agroprogress" grant was organized [4]. This grant is the budget funds of the subject of the Russian Federation or the municipal budget based on the decision of the regional competition commission for producers of agricultural goods (except for farmers, farmers, citizens who conduct personal farms, sole proprietors and consumer cooperatives), which are included in the unified register of SME entities that have been operating for more than two years from the date of registration in the corresponding rural territory or in the territory of a rural agglomeration of the subject of the Russian Federation, which undertakes to conduct this activity by virtue of the grant agreement, for which the grant is allocated, in the period of five years from the date of receipt of financial resources and achievement of certain indicators that are provided for in the grantee's project, for financial support of costs that are not reimbursed due to other areas of support from the state. Therefore, the following requirements must be met: 1. be a member of the register of SMEs; 2. before applying for a grant, it is necessary to conduct its activities for more than 2 years on the agricultural territory.
The grant is limited in amount, no more than 30 million rubles. As practice shows, usually the borrower under the grant receives no more than 25% of the amount that was declared in the investment project. The terms also note that the borrower's own funds must be at least 5 %, and at least 70% an investment loan.
This grant can be spent for the following purposes: payment of interest on an investment project, which, as already mentioned above, must be at least 70% of the amount of the declared project. In this case, the period in which you can repay these interests at the expense of grant funds is limited to 18 months. It is also allowed to purchase or build new production or storage facilities necessary for the agricultural producer; purchases of animals, birds, etc. material. The limit is the number of breeding cattle no more than 400 heads.
They will also support flax and hemp producers: they will reimburse part of the costs for increasing their own production of flax and hemp fiber, as well as the flax and hemp trusts. The subsidy will be paid at the rate per ton of raw materials sold for processing.
The most serious problem of agriculture in the Russian Federation, according to the farmers themselves, is the lack of qualified and professional workers. Young people who have just graduated from institutes do not have a great desire to go to work in the agricultural sector [10][11][12][13][14].
In addition, the problems are: high cost of services: electricity, equipment, machinery, fertilizers, etc.; bureaucratic difficulties in obtaining support from the state; small and medium-sized farms, due to the lack of attention from the state, are eligible for loans and loans at very high interest rates of 17-25%.
Another important problem is the existing authority of large agricultural enterprises, which simply buy small farms, while not creating anything really necessary in this place. Moreover, the budget funds allocated for this purpose from the state are rarely used for their intended purpose [15][16][17][18][19][20].

Summary and conclusions
It is worth noting that despite all these and many other problems in the field of agriculture, in Russia this industry is considered quite promising. According to experts, today the development of certain areas of the agro-industrial complex, such as farming in the country is developing, farms have become more efficient, and their basis is family enterprises with a growth point in the field of animal husbandry.
As a result of the considered issue, it should be noted that currently in the Russian Federation the state provides sufficient support to agriculture, which is represented by various forms. The state should take all measures to support agriculture [7], as it is a strategically important sector of the economy that ensures the food independence and well-being of the country.