Investigation and Analysis of Transportation Planning and Design of Shanghai Maritime University

With the continuous expansion of the scale of China’s colleges and universities and the creasing number of motor vehicles, campus traffic problems are becoming more and more serious. How to balance the four elements of human, vehicle, road and environment is an important content of campus traffic planning. Taking Shanghai Maritime University as an example, this paper analyzes the existing major traffic problems on campus by investigating the layout of campus roads, traffic flow at major intersections, the distribution of traffic signs and the distribution and quantity of parking spaces on campus, and puts forward the strategies for optimizing the campus traffic system.

AEECE 2021 IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 831 (2021) 012061 IOP Publishing doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/831/1/012061 2 students, including more than 16,000 undergraduates, more than 7,200 postgraduates of various types, and nearly 600 international students [1] . In addition, the distance between the teaching area and the student dormitory has caused the number of bicycles and electric vehicles in our school to increase significantly, resulting in the problems of random parking and difficulty in parking. This requires planning and building a reasonable road network and the number of them is appropriate. Parking area for non-motor vehicles. Due to the continuous expansion of our school, the land is relatively concentrated, showing a phenomenon of large dispersion and small concentration. If the school's response measures are insufficient, it will cause the problems of transportation to continue to expand. Therefore, we should follow the people-oriented and sustainable development concept and quickly make a reasonable campus transportation plan.

Road system analysis
The internal road network of Haida campus is in the shape of "ring + grid", which is convenient for the organization of motor vehicle traffic. However, the road section design is mainly based on vehicles, using urban road templates, and there is insufficient walking space [2] . The roads on the campus of Shanghai Maritime University are divided into four levels: main roads, secondary roads, branch roads, and footpaths. However, the classification is vague and the walking roads are not continuous, resulting in poor accessibility. Table 1 shows the road comparison between the Lingang campus of Shanghai Maritime University and the other three universities. As can be seen from the above table, the Lingang campus of Shanghai Maritime University, like other campuses, has narrow roads on campus. This phenomenon is particularly obvious during the peak hours of classes. In addition, the road itself has a fuzzy classification, and the phenomenon of mixed traffic between people and vehicles is serious. Vehicles often pass through the teaching area and student living area, causing serious interference to the study and life of teachers and students. In addition, the school did not consider the development speed of motor vehicles and the scale of enrollment during the construction period. The motor vehicle parking space in the student apartment area is seriously insufficient, especially motor vehicles have nowhere to park. The school had to build on-street parking in the later stage, as shown in Figure 2 Two lanes were occupied by motor vehicles on Wuhua Road and Shuren Road. In addition, during the peak period of school, because bicycles occupy the road too much, the sidewalk is too narrow, and the tall trees occupy most of the space, the usage rate of the pedestrian path is reduced, and the pedestrians and vehicles are mixed, which greatly interferes with each other. Reduce the traffic rate of the road [3]

Analysis of traffic facilities
The traffic facilities are mainly traffic signs, traffic markings, isolation piers and speed bumps. Many facilities in our school are not very reasonable.
The signs and markings in schools should not only learn from urban traffic signs and markings, but also consider the characteristics of the traffic in the school. However, our school's guidance signs lack continuity. Only important intersections have signs, and their functions are single, with only directivity, no other auxiliary guidance signs, and unclear directions. Especially for freshmen who have just entered school, it is difficult to find dormitories and canteens without clear signs. Various places. Simple signs can let the driver know the basic road conditions ahead at a glance when vehicles are passing quickly on urban roads. However, the traffic on campus is dominated by pedestrians and non-motor vehicles, and the speed of motor vehicles is not fast. In addition to prompts and warnings, the main function of traffic signs is to indicate and guide [8]. The traffic signs on the campus should be able to instruct motor vehicles to safely and smoothly find the planned destination or nearby parking areas; while pedestrians and non-motor vehicles should fully understand the location, buildings and roads in the surrounding area, and reflect campus culture. The role of traffic markings on campus is the same as that of urban roads, but in view of the characteristics of the roads on campus and the lag of management methods, the effect of traffic markings is usually not as good as that of urban roads. Take the current Shanghai Maritime University Shuren Road as an example: roadside The corresponding parking spaces have been planned with solid white lines on one side, but there are still some people stopping at the turn of the intersection, which seriously affects the passage of students and other vehicles.
Nowadays, the most commonly used speed bumps in school transportation facilities, as shown in Figure 3, are set to be too long, and the distance from the roadside is about 30cm. Such a roadside gap length setting is too wide for motor vehicles, but very narrow for bicycles. Therefore, it can neither prevent the motor vehicle from passing the speed bump unilaterally, but also prevent the bicycle from smoothly circumventing the speed bump. According to statistics, about 77% of cyclists pass through the gap between speed bumps and sidewalks.

Parking analysis
Bicycles have already become the main means of transportation in campus life, and practical issues such as parking planning and parking safety have attracted the attention of school students. At the beginning of semester, through field investigations on the current situation of bicycle parking in front of the teaching building and dormitory building on the campus of Shanghai Maritime University, it was found that the bicycle parking was disorderly, occupying too much space and "zombie cars" in the underground parking lot of the student apartment were prevalent [8] . Therefore, it is particularly important to solve the problem of bicycle parking on campus. Through field research, it is found that the largest number of bicycles parked on campus is the living area and teaching office area.
The living area mainly includes the student apartment area and the canteen area. In the student apartment area No. 23, the main parking point for non-motor vehicles is the underground parking garage. Due to the early construction time, the dilapidated interior, the dim indoor light, and the large number of used bicycles in it, it is inconvenient for students to pick up the car. It did not attract students to park, but parked the car at the door of the apartment or on the sidewalk, which caused great inconvenience to the students. In the Haiqin canteen area, there are several parking sheds next to the Haiqin canteen. However, due to the large number of non-motorized vehicles, some electric vehicles and bicycles are parked in the open air. This shows that the number of parking facilities in the living area is obviously insufficient.
The public teaching building is the place where students gather the most on campus, so the bicycle parking in the public teaching building is the most serious place, so it is necessary to study the bicycle parking in the public teaching building. As shown in Figure 4, a large number of bicycles have no place to park. As for the original sidewalks and the entrance of the teaching building, they have been used to park bicycles, not to mention the bicycles exposed to sunlight and rain washing; many people interviewed by students It reflects that such a bicycle parking environment not only hinders traffic, but also makes the bicycle extremely inconvenient to use after school is hot or drenched.

Road system optimization
To establish a continuous and efficient transportation system, it is necessary to determine a road system that is safe, orderly, convenient, fast, and suitable for human and vehicle traffic branches based on topographical conditions and land use layout.
① Deal with the connection and effective separation of the internal roads of the campus and the outer city roads, especially the connection between gate 5 and gate 3. In addition, it is necessary to organize the connection between multiple entrances and urban roads. According to the city planning road network and the nature of the land Handle the junctions between campus roads and urban roads to make the connection between campus traffic and urban traffic more convenient.
②Set up a branch system for people and vehicles. For the rush hours of get out of class, the flow of non-motorized vehicles and the flow of people are usually mixed, and some collision accidents often occur. For this reason, it is necessary to separate the flow of people and vehicles. The travel route saves riding time and improves travel safety [10] .
③Through the overall planning of the pedestrian system, increase the sidewalk space and improve the walking comfort, gradually establish a walkable campus, and provide a safe, convenient, comfortable and beautiful travel environment for teachers and students [4] .
④ Widen the internal roads of the school, regulate the management of vehicle parking, clear the fire passages, and improve the environmental quality of the living quarters of teachers and workers.

Optimization of transportation facilities
At each entry point of the Haida campus, add signs that can indicate adjacent arterial roads and special places in the campus (exit, graphics, university student activity center, etc.). At crossroads, T-junctions, and turns, detailed signs or signs should be set up. The electronic map makes the road traffic network of the entire campus more clearly displayed in front of pedestrians. Add a campus speed limit sign at 6 the campus entrance. The outside of the campus is Lingang Avenue, and the speed of cars is generally fast. After entering the campus, eye-catching traffic signs are required to remind the driver to reduce the speed to ensure the safety of teachers and students. Install wide-angle lenses at intersections with narrower campus roads, smaller corners, and more distractors or steep downhill intersections to expand the driver's field of vision, reduce visual blind spots, and reduce vehicle-to-vehicle, vehicle-to-person collisions. Improve the marking system of each road in the campus, distinguish the color of the motor vehicle lane and the non-motor vehicle lane in the school, and improve the road markings such as parking lines and zebra crossings at each intersection [9] .
In addition, a sign prohibiting vehicles should be set up on the road in front of the student apartment, so that the traffic safety of students in the vicinity of the student apartment area can be effectively guaranteed. Unlike the student apartment area, there is a lot of motor vehicle traffic near the teaching area, and it is not advisable to prohibit vehicle traffic for a long time. The method of separating people and vehicles can be implemented by time periods. Vehicles are temporarily prohibited from entering the teaching building area during peak periods. At the same time, a time-sharing walking system should be constructed on local roads with heavy traffic, and on the main roads and branches of Haida University. At intersections, fixed-time one-way road signs and corresponding detour road signs are set up to meet the need for one-way restriction during peak times.

Optimization of parking area
When solving the bicycle and car parking lot, it should be convenient for teachers and students to store and not damage the campus environment.
①Increase bicycle parking areas, combined with external landscape greening, increase bicycle parking areas inside teaching areas and apartment areas, and guide students to place bicycles in an orderly manner to avoid the phenomenon of random parking and occupation of traffic lanes.
②Improve the existing underground parking garage. Use transparent glass or partitions to increase indoor light, and regularly remove old and unused vehicles to allow students to enter and park.
③Increase parking facilities. Generally, the parking of vehicles is divided into two types: underground and above ground. Combining the characteristics of bicycles and the principle of proximity to students, it is generally more convenient to choose ground parking.

Conclusion
The above is based on the research on the current situation of Shanghai Maritime University campus traffic and the optimization strategy. With the large-scale construction of new university campuses in my country, the campus traffic space also needs to be continuously optimized and improved. At the same time, in order to improve the current university campus traffic space environment, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the university campus traffic space and build a good campus environment suitable for student life and study.