Potential of production in Elaeis guineensis Jacq. type resistance to Ganoderma pathogen

This study was established to report the yield production (fresh bunches) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) material planting Resistance Plant (RP) and Non-Resistance Plant (NP) to Ganoderma on the experimental plantation. The data was observed to conduct in oil palm from zero (0) until twenty-five (25) planting years. In 5 years, firstly Ganoderma pathogen was recorded to start low yield production in both materials planting. The production was involved a highest in RP 581,163 FFB/ha and lowest in NP 385,158 FFB/ha. Furthermore, Ganoderma pathogen disease was incidence distinct at 19.95% and 86.42%, respectively. The differentiation analysis of total plants was 196,005 (58.89%). Wherein, a total plant survives of 110 Resistance Plants and 36 Non-Resistance Plants for 25 planting years. Descriptive analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel 2013 showed the Standard Deviation (SD) 7.35 in P-Value < 0.05 (95%).


Introduction
The year 2020 was certainly a challenge to the oil palm industry production. The oil palm plantation in Indonesia now through more than fourteen (14) million hectares due the most important of economic industrial [1]. The potential production of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. declined that a lower fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield due to abiotic stress on Ganoderma pathogen. For a long time, this case was performed using screening the planting material that resistance pathogen [2]. The performance of the optimal production E. guineensis in the discovery germplasm sources of Ganoderma resistance was still examined by the plant breeders.
Ganoderma pathogen established to direct economic loss due to actual mortality and decrease to fresh bunches yield of production [3]. This pathogen was more prevalent with an increase in plant generation. The disease predominance to immature oil palm was the first until the fourth plant generations (0%; 4%; 7%; and 11%) plantings years in North Sumatra plantations. The pathogen incidence of oil palm matures at 1% could lead for an estimated 38 million USD Indonesian economic losses [4]. Ganoderma has been lengthy survival to root disease rubble in the soil and infected roots for the newly established oil palm during replanting [5]. Besides, the observations on material planting of E. guineensis depended on the incidence of natural infection in the field, the process when needed many years. The resistance material planting to Ganoderma that still be able to fresh fruit bunches produce from the start planting is not fully understood. The present study represents the potential of production in E. guineensis type resistance to Ganoderma pathogen.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted to report the material planting of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. covering fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production, wherein distinct of Resistance Plant (RP) and Non-Resistance Plants (NP) from clustering previous study. Primary data from the yield of oil palm performance to assessment was gathered by experimental plantation from Socfindo ltd. (3˚19ʹ58ʺN 99˚02ʹ25ʺE) of the oil palm industry.
The plantation area was 50 hectares/block, wherein sixty plants/plot per one cross. The sample plants used were in standard conditions of 50 replication plants to find uniformity, the area of the plant used was flat soil and not ditch (the presence of stagnant water was thought to be not only a factor of Ganoderma disease). The spacing was 9 × 9 meters (equilateral triangle) with a total crop of 144 plants/ha. Furthermore, the collection data on a yearly basis (from 0-25 planting years). The data analysis was used qualitative descriptive by Microsoft Excel 2013 [6].

The yield of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) per-year
Competition of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. material planting type resistance (RP) with non-resistance plant (NP) to Ganoderma have been reported in experimental plantation Socfindo ltd. The oil palm resistance (RP) produced a yield of fresh bunches higher compared to non-resistance plants (Figure 1).  Most a higher the ages of E. guineensis, the FFB yield production should be supposed to higher [7]. In this case, the higher yield production of normal plants starts from 15 years to 18 years. However, many factors can affect yield fresh bunches. From the results observed, Ganoderma pathogen disease incidence was recorded up to 86.42% in the highest NP, whereas at 19.95% in the lowest RP ( The plants of Ganoderma symptoms have been reported to yield fresh bunches under normal (under the normal potential level) [8]. Then, in year 5 a total of 110 plants survived and still produced ( Figure  2). The big effect of Ganoderma pathogen symptom in RP was occurred in 14-16 years after planting.

The total fresh bunches of material planting
This case indicated the material planting which survives to Ganoderma pathogen incidence in RP 110 plant/ha from 146 normal plants per hectare (Table 2). A total differentiation of fresh bunches was 196,005 Kilograms/hectare occurred 58.89% (0 to 25 years after planting).