Abstract
Complex geometry and flow regimes are present in different sections of hydraulic turbines and most operating conditions. In the past two decades, many pressure measurements have been performed on different sections. Such measurements do not reveal the details of the flow distribution. Velocity measurements are needed to obtain more detailed information. The aim of the present paper is to review the velocity measurements performed in hydraulic turbines, especially axial turbines, and highlight the remaining challenges according to the operating condition.
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A post-publication change was made to this article on 10 December 2021. The author list and affiliations were previously missing from the article. They have now been added.