Understanding Visitor Decisions Making on Visiting Historical Sites in Trowulan Indonesia

Trowulan is one of the sub-districts in the Mojokerto Regency, consisting of 16 villages. Trowulan has a high historical value due to many Majapahit royal relics found in the sub-district in temples, pottery, beads and Islamic cemeteries. The growing number of tourist attractions in Indonesia and historical tourism in Trowulan still appeal to tourists. The research samples studied were 51 tourists who visited Brahu temple, Bajang Ratu Temple, Tikus temple and Troloyo Cemetery Complex. The data collection techniques used are questionnaires, observations and interviews. Data processing using SPSS applications. The visiting decision consists of three indicators, namely cultural factors, social factors and personal factors. The results of the study on cultural factors obtained an average value of 3.54, on social factors obtained an average value of 3.17 and on individual factors obtained an average value of 3.16. This shows that affecting tourists visiting historical attractions in Trowulan, Mojokerto is a cultural factor that includes cultural factors include high artistic value, objects within easy reach of residents and affordable ticket prices. Recommendations from this study, provide input to the government to further improve other factor,s namely social factors and factors to make historical tourism more exist.


Introductions
Culture and creativity have played an essential role in supporting the economy, and tourism has become an essential tool in implementing creative strategies [4]. Tourism is a complex system that includes a series of networks (transactions, activities or events in the tourism market) such as web searches, online ordering and purchasing, and others [3]. Indonesian tourism has developed into an industry that has high prospects for national development in the future [1]. The development of tourism in modern times is marked by the increasingly diverse motives and desires of tourists that must be fulfilled due to increasing human culture. The development of technology in the aspects of culture, education and tourism is one of the capital in developing quality human resources [15] [16] [19] [20]. Tourism is manifested in several forms, one of which is tourism according to its object. According to the object, tourism is further divided into eight types, one of which is cultural tourism. Indonesia has a lot of cultural tourism that is spread throughout Indonesia [10] [11] [12] [13]. One famous area for its cultural tourism is the Trowulan subdistrict in Mojokerto district, East Java Province.
The rapid development of global culture and technology has coloured Indonesian architecture. It is necessary to study deeply into the past, where the archipelago people intelligently harmonized themselves with the environment as evidenced by the establishment of the very prosperous Majapahit kingdom [8]. Many relics of the Majapahit kingdom are found in Trowulan District, Mojokerto. Trowulan is a sub-district in Mojokerto Regency which consists of 16 villages. Trowulan has a very high historical value because it reflects the size of the Majapahit kingdom. Trowulan gives a real picture of the Majapahit kingdom's size, found former settlements, holy bath, temples, and canal systems from the former palace gate to Islamic settlements.
The increasing number of tourist choices in Indonesia provides a special attraction for tourists and researchers [14] [17] [18] [25]. An effort is still needed to increase the number of tourist visits by promoting and disseminating information in various forms of media. This will help potential tourists obtain information and attract them to visit [5]. Several factors influence the decision to visit tourists to 2 choose a tourist spot, namely: (1) cultural factors, which consist of sub-culture which includes nationality, religion, racial group, and geographic area and social class; (2) social factors, which consist of reference groups and aspirational groups; and (3) personal factors which include age and stage in the tourist life cycle, occupation and economic conditions, personality and self-concept, and lifestyle and values.
This research aims to find out how the perspective of tourists in deciding to visit historical tourism in Trowulan sub-district, Mojokerto regency. The aim is to determine what factors most influence tourists in deciding to visit a tourist spot. Therefore, research is needed that can answer the right tourism marketing strategy so that historical tourism in Trowulan is increasingly known and remains the tourism of choice for the community.

Methods
This research uses a descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach. Quantitative research is a scientific research that is coherent with parts and phenomena and their relationships. The sample used in this study were tourists who had come to the Majapahit kingdom's relics in Trowulan. The sample to be taken is 51 samples. The data collection technique used by researchers in obtaining data is by distributing questionnaires. The method of collecting data using a questionnaire or questionnaire is very suitable when it is used for collecting large amounts of data. The technique used to select samples is the random sampling technique. The questionnaire data collection was used as an evaluation of the decision to visit historical tourism in Trowulan District, Mojokerto.
This study uses the purchase decision theory. The decision to visit the desired tourist destination in this study uses a purchasing behavior decision so that it can be analogized that the decision to visit a tourist is the same as a purchase decision, be it a product or service. Decision making according to Kotler and Keller is influenced by several factors, namely cultural factors consisting of the role of culture, subculture and social class of society, social factors, which include reference groups and aspirational groups and personal factors including age and stage in the tourist life cycle, occupation. and economic circumstances, personality and self-concept, and lifestyle and values. Data analysis used descriptive statistics by looking at the mean value. The following is an interpretation of the mean score which is the reference in this study.

Trowulan Site
The Majapahit Empire has a proud history with civilisation's fame and a brilliant legacy for Indonesia. The Majapahit Empire was founded by Raden Wijaya who controlled almost the entire archipelago until the XV century and had a life span of about 185 years of its heyday (1293 AD -1478 AD [7]. The Majapahit Empire made a very large contribution to its successors, both visible and invisible. One of the visible donations made by the Majapahit Empire was the urban system. The real picture of the Majapahit kingdom's urban system can be seen from the ruins of the remains of a large city in the Trowulan sub-district. The discovery of former settlements, canal systems, petirtaans, temples, former palaces, gates to Islamic cemeteries shows how sophisticated and complex the guardians of Majapahit history worked. Some of the Majapahit kingdom relics that we can now see

Brahu Temple
Brahu Temple is located in Bejijong village, Trowulan sub-district, Mojokerto regency. The Brahu temple structure is made of red bricks which are glued together by means of a scrubbing system. Brahu Temple is divided into several parts, namely, the legs or bottom, the body or the middle part and the roof or crown located at the top of the building. Based on the style of the building and the rest of the decoration with a circle on the roof which is thought to be a form of a stupa, Brahu temple is Buddhist. Apart from the Brahu temple, it is estimated that the temple is the oldest compared to other temples on the Trowulan site. The basis for this assumption comes from the Alasantan inscription which was found not far from the Brahu temple. Mpu Sindok issued the inscription in 861 C or 939 AD The contents of the Alasantan inscription include mentioning the name of a sacred building, namely Waharu or Warahu. The name of the current Brahu temple is thought to have been taken from the sacred building's name written on the inscription. Based on the discovery of metal objects that are usually used for religious ceremonial purposes, the Brahu temple is considered a sacred building that has a function as a place of prayer and prayer. This is based on the temple building structure, which is different from the temple buildings from the Majapahit kingdom, a Hindu-style kingdom.

Tikus temple
Tikus Temple is located in Temon Village, Trwoulan District, Mojokerto Regency. The location of the Tikus temple is about 600 meters from the Bajangratu temple. Tikus temple is a holy bath. This can be seen from the miniature of the temple which is in the middle of this building which symbolizes Mount Mahameru, which is the dwelling place of the gods and Mount Mahameru is also the source of all life which is manifested in the form of flowing water from its showers (jaladwara) along the foot of the temple. This water is considered the holy water of Amrta which is the source of all life. Petirtaan Rats were discovered hidden underground in 1914. At that time the village of Temon and its surroundings was attacked by rat pests. Every time a chase was held, the rats always entered a hole in the mound. It is estimated that the mound is a rat nest. The Regent of Mojokerto, Kromojoyo Adinegoro, gave the order to dismantle the mound of land, apparently inside a building structure. When the excavation continued, what was seen was the top building of a petirtaan. The entire excavation was carried out with the Archaeological Service's permission, which was named Oredudheidkundige Dienst and was completed in 1916.The building that we see today is the result of renovations that began in 1985.

Bajang Ratu temple
Gapura Bajang Ratu is located in Kratom hamlet, Temon village, Trowulan sub-district, Mojokerto regency. Bajang Ratu is a gate in the form of a paduraksa or gate that has a roof. Bajang Ratu gate is estimated to have stood between the 13th and early 14th centuries. Serat Pararaton explained that the king of Jayanegara died in 1328 sira ta dhinarmeng Kapopongan, bhiseka ring crnggapra, pratista ring Antawulan. Meanwhile, in the Nagarakertagama book, it is stated that the king returned to the world of Vishnu (wafta) in 1328 and was prayed in the palace. Crnggapura in the Pararaton fiber is the same as Cri Ranggapura in the Nagarakertagama book, while the Antawulan in the Pararaton fiber is the same as the Antasari in the Nagarakertagama book, this interpretation was obtained by Krom in the research he carried out in 1926. Based on this description, a holy place (Dharma) the king of Jayanegara was in Kapopongan alias Crnggapura alias Cri Ranggapura. The sacred building (Pratista) is in Antawulan or what is currently called Trowulan. It is estimated that this gate was discovered by the Dutch in 1915. 1915 was also the first time that the restoration of the temple was carried out by the Dutch East Indies government. In 1989 there was another renovation and was completed in 1992

Troloyo Burial Complex
The Troloyo site is located in Sidodadi hamlet, Sentonorejo village, Trowulan sub-district, Mojokerto regency. It is located approximately 15 km from the city center of Mojokerto. The Majapahit kingdom was synonymous with Hindu Buddhist patterns, but at that time Islam had also begun to develop, which can be proven by c. Tomb of Sheikh Ngudung It is located north of the mosque. Another name for this tomb is the Panjang tomb because its shape is long enough to exceed other tombs' size.

Visiting Decisions
A visitor will first carry out a mental process to arrive at a decision such as thinking about when to travel, how long, where, in what way, and so on before going on a tour. The decision to visit the desired tourist destination in this study uses a purchasing decision behavior approach, so that it can be analogized that the decision to visit a tourist is the same as a purchase decision, be it a product or service. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the purchase decision theory can be used as a basic reference in making consumers' tourist decisions.
According to Kotler and Keller, decision making is influenced by the following factors, such as: (1)

Decision to Visit Tourists to Historical Tourism Objects in Trowulan District, Mojokerto
Tourism is a key sector in the country's sustainable development. Tourism can create stable employment and have a high rate of profit every year [9]. The tourism sector has made a big difference to Indonesia's per capita income. The methods and objectives of tourism have changed drastically, and tourists' behavior and expectations have also changed a lot. The decision to visit is a process where tourists think about when, how long, where, in what ways, etc. before going on a tour. Based on the table above, the highest number of tourists visiting the Trowulan site are aged 16-30 years with a total of 42 tourists. The lowest age group for tourists visiting the Trowulan site is those aged 45 and over with 1 tourist. According to the researchers' observations, the 16-30-year-old group usually calls with their peers.
The highest number of tourists visiting the Trowulan site were female tourists with 27 tourists. Meanwhile, there are 24 male tourists. According to the data above, the highest number of tourists visiting the Trowulan site is with a job as a student or college student. Meanwhile, the lowest occupational group is self-employed. According to researchers' observations, students or students who visit the Trowulan site for conducting research, besides that they also want to take selfies. Civil servants and self-employed employment groups usually visit historical tours in Trowulan because they want to 3rd International Conference on Environmental Geography and Geography Education IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 747 (2021) 012074 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/747/1/012074 6 spend their spare time with family and have a vacation. This study uses the validity test to determine whether the questions on the questionnaire can measure the desired variable and the reliability test is used to determine whether the questionnaire can be filled in by various groups of people.     Based on the table above, the personal factor of Personality (Ps) has the highest mean value, with the acquisition of a mean value of 3.29. According to the interpretation table, the mean value indicates a relatively high value. This personal factor contains a statement that tourists are interested in visiting the Trowulan site because they like history. The conclusion that can be drawn is that tourists have a personal interest in history (Ps) compared to their favorite reasons for taking historical tours (LS) and affordable ticket prices (Ecc). Interpretation is used to determine which factors influence the decision to visit tourists [2]. Based on the data obtained, it was found that the highest score was on indicators of cultural factors with a total score of 3.54. From this data, it can be concluded that tourists decide to visit the Trowulan site because of its high cultural value, affordable ticket prices and the location of objects that are easily accessible. The social factor indicator has a total value of 3.18 out of the maximum value of 4. This value is in the high scale range where social factors can be sufficient to influence the respondent. This can be interpreted as social factors that include invitations from family, invitations from friends and invitations from religious groups, organizations, and others. The government can make a good marketing plan that can influence tourists' social and personal factors to decide to visit historical tourism in Trowulan. The results of data processing from this study prove that cultural factors that include high cultural values, affordable prices and easy-to-reach tourist locations have a high influence on visiting tourists. This is supported by the research of Syakir Kamil Ainul Fitroh, Djamhur Hamid and Luchman Hakim in 2017 which states how the conditions and conditions of tourist attractions affect the decision to visit tourists. According to Romao Joao, tourism is a place-based activity, where attractiveness depends on local characteristics or cultural values embedded in the region [6]. Another opinion supporting this research is Helena Sirait in 2018 which states that price is an essential element in influencing tourists in deciding which tourist attractions to visit. Also, cultural factors also have the most widespread and profound influence on consumer behaviour, especially when visiting a tourist spot.

Conclusions
Mojokerto has excellent tourism potential. Tourism in Mojokerto is divided into natural tourism, historical and cultural tourism, agro-tourism, artificial tourism and shopping tourism. One of the tours that make Mojokerto known both nationally and internationally is historical and cultural tourism. Many relics of the Majapahit kingdom are found in Mojokerto, namely petirtaans, temples, pottery, beads, and Islamic burials. Even though tourism in Mojokerto is growing and growing, it doesn't make historical tourism in Trowulan empty of visitors. Based on this study's results, tourists decide to visit because historical tourism in Trowulan has high cultural values.