Design improvement for safety risks using hazard and operability method

Application of occupational health and safety procedures consists of programs that aim to protect and welfare the workers. However, in reality, many workers still carry out such violations related to work procedures. This study aims to determine the risk of breaches that affect the procedure works and know the dominant risk affecting workers on the World Trade Centre (WTC)-3, Jakarta. This research approach uses the HAZOP method and SPSS to analyze the validity and reliability of data. The methods used to identify risks are brainstorming or interviews with the experts and operability study (HAZOP). From these results obtained on 14 sources from 23 sources of work activities with a high-risk level, which is the dominant risk, it should get priority to be fixed or controlled to minimize accidents at the height of the World Trade Center (WTC)-3, Jakarta.


Introduction
According to the international labor organization (ILO), around the world estimates that some 60,000 fatal accidents in construction occur each year. Those who work in the construction industry do not have access to seek training to repair or steps K3. Accidents in construction projects are falling from heights, hit by falling objects, machinery, electricity, and extracting [1].
When performing an activity in project development, especially jobs at altitude, issues are occupational health and safety factors. It happened in the World Trade Centre (WTC) project -3 Jakarta, located on Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav.29, Kel. Karet, district. Setia Budi -south Jakarta. In any event always involves human project location, equipment, and interaction with nature. This work contains risks for each element involved. Therefore, occupational safety and health (K3) should get the most attention to minimize the risk of occupational accidents.  In anticipation of all these things in the World Trade Centre (WTC) project -3, Jakarta has been running a work permit. The completeness of equipment personal protective in work permits, especially relating to work altitude, although such work accidents still occur. Infringement procedures work in the World Trade Centre (WTC) -3 Jakarta project, increasing between 2016 and 2017 at 4,5%. In 2016 recorded data on violations of 68 violations, while in 2017, a rise of 75 offenses. We can see that many violations occurred from the data even though in the World Trade Centre (WTC) project -3 Jakarta is already running a procedure that works mainly on altitude. It is necessary to analyze operating procedures on the World Trade Centre (WTC)-3 project, Jakarta.

Theoretical framework
To analyze the safety and health risks in this study using hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), the authors conducted a review of data collection directly to the project site and interviews with the parties involved. Here are the steps to perform the collection and identification of hazard : 1. Specifies the sequence of processes that exist in the study area. 2. We are identifying hazards found in the study area. 3 3 g. Perform a hazard level identified using the worksheet hazop by taking into account likelihood and consequence, then using the risk matrix (figure 1) to determine the priority hazard that should give priority for improvement.
h. Designing improvements to the risk with a level of "extreme" and then making recommendations for improvement.

Research method
This study consisted of data collection of primary data and secondary data. Preliminary data uses interviews and questionnaires to the respondents and parties involved in the World Trade Center (WTC) project -3, Jakarta. Respondents in this study were the staff and the workers involved in the World Trade Centre (WTC) project -3, Jakarta. √ √ √ √ √ [4] √ √ √ √ [5] √ √ √ √ [7] √ √ √ √ √ √ [8] √ √ [9] √ √ √ [10] √ √ √ [11] √ √ [12] √ √ √ From each respondent to provide information relating to the research conducted, according to the area they control on the position of the respondent in the construction phase in the project of the World Trade Centre (WTC) -3, Jakarta. The primary data obtained through interviews and the questionnaire are the data associated with respondents' risk profile and the appropriate or relevant in the World Trade Center (WTC) project -3, Jakarta at the stage of construction. At the secondary data collection stage, by collecting references as a reference in this study of literature or journals associated with this research.

Result and Discussion
The sample is part of this population's number and characteristics [4]. The population in this study is 25 people with the position staff engineering and staff HSE, and then to determine the sample size used formula slovin by the following equation.  To determine the degree of risk (risk level), taking into account risk criteria as follows : x Likelihood (L) is the scale of the frequency of risk occurrence with procedures for working at height criteria (possibility shown in Table 1). x The scale of the consequences or Consequences (C) is a measurement of the level of impact(impact)the risk of procedures for working at height (we can see scale consequences in Table  2). After determining the values of likelihood and consequences of each variable, the next step is to multiply the value of probability and effects that will get the value danger or hazard level on the risk matrix (Figure 1), which will use to perform rank to sources of hazard conducted on improvement.
Levels of risk / HAZOP worksheet that is determined based on the criteria of likelihood and consequences. Furthermore, the design of recommendations or proposed improvements based on the potential hazards that occur. The proposed revision of control is based on expert advice to minimize or not implement the risk. For improvement, recommendations for the hazard source with a value of ranking the highest risk. With the proposed revisions, the company expected to reduce or minimize the level of accidents and prevent similar accidents, particularly those relating to work at height. Table 4 results from the dominant control or risk management analysis based on expert advice to minimize the risk of harm in doing work at heights. The results of mapping determining the risk level of the total bet are as Figure 3.    Based on Figure 3 can be seen, there are 14 (fourteen) risks that have a high risk who are in the red, while the chances are on the blue number 8 (eight), and the low risk there is 1 (one) who are in yellow.

Conclusion
From the results of risk analysis, there are 23 risks of 8 work activities : a. General measures of prevention fall 3 (three) risks of the violation. b. Personal protection system falls 4 (four) risk violations c. Using the personal protection system falls 4 (four) violation risk d. Detaching and Re-Attaching Belts and Harnesses at Height 2 (two) violation risk e. Tools and Equipment 2 (two) violation risk f. Training 3 (three) violation risk. g. Inspections 3 (three) violation risk. h. Safety harnes register 2 (two) violation risk. From each activity, there is a sub-activity or work activity. Each work activity is analyzed as the most dominant risk or high risk to do planning for Improvement design for safety risks using hazard and operability method.
For improvement, recommendations for the hazard source with a value of ranking the highest risk. There are 14 dominant risks from 23. With the proposed revisions, the company expected to reduce or minimize accidents and prevent similar accidents, particularly those relating to work at height based on the experts' recommendation.