Evaluation of Application of RRR (Right, Restriction, and Responsibility) Cadastre Concept for Management of Industrial Marine Space

To balance conflicting ocean uses, coastal resource management, and marine development, a governance framework that must be sustainable, holistic and informed is needed. The RRR concept is a basis for managing the resources of coastal and marine areas within the scope of determination of territorial sea boundaries (restriction), boundaries of authority (rights / permits and responsibilities), which form integration between administrative areas at the national scale, provincial scale, and district / city scale. by paying attention to the existence of indigenous peoples, as well as the harmony and synergy between the central government and local governments. One of the utilization of sea space is the Port Work Environment Area, there are many port management models in Indonesia, there are public ports, and terminals for their own interests (TUKS). PT.Petrokimia Gresik is one of the industries owned by the State or State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) which has a port with Terminal for Interest (TUKS) model. In this research, an evaluation was carried out related to the application of RRR (Right, Restriction, and Responsibility)cadastre concept in the industrial coastal areas of PT Petrokimia Gresik and the surrounding coastal areas. The identification process is carried out on each RRR (Right, Restriction, and Responsibility) cadastral concept, which aims to evaluate its suitability. The Right concept is implemented in the form of a water area management permit owned by the industry. Then for the application of Restriction concept, it is implemented in form of boundaries for management of water areas around the coastal areas and waters of PT Petrokimia Gresik which is analyzed using NDWI (Normalized Different Water Index) classification method to obtain boundaries of the water area, the results of the analysis of land use changes of water areas to land in the number of additional areas for 4 years amount 438,723 m2. While the concept of Responsibility is implemented in form of protecting ecosystems around PT. Petrokimia Gresik’s industrial areas through activities related to environmental management written in environmental permits that have been pocketed by PT. Petrokimia Gresik.


Introduction
Marine space and coastal area are very complex environment, subject to various demand, in example economy development, social interaction and necessary to protect the ecosystem, and marine habitualy. For balancing marine use, coastal resources management, and marine development, is required sustainable framework (Rajabifard, et al, 2005). Integration between administration area has regulated by governance through RZWP-3K (Coastal Area Zone Planning) which in these zone involve plan to determine resource use in each planning unit [5].
Utilization of marine space in East Java is very various, such as port environment area, fish arresting area, shipping area, pipe line, and submarine cable, floating net cage, oil and gas area, sea sand mining area, military area, and conservation area which prone to rise conflict about utilization limit of marine area [6]. One of many kinds of marine space utilization is port environment area, management port model in Indonesia are very various, such public port, terminal for interest (TUKS) [3]. Industry is the IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 731 (2021) 012030 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/731/1/012030 2 sector which utilize a port. According to Economy Committee and National Industry (KEIN) in year of 2016 the port is very important to support its industry, support economy and support the governance in maritim development. Development of economic area or industry area integrated to the port are very important to support transportation and industry distribution [7].
Port governance in Indonesia often occurs overlapping untill competition between public terminal and terminal for interest (TUKS). So as conflict that occur in particular port development in industry area of PT.Petrokimia Gresik. Activity of terminal for interest (TUKS) should adapt to regulation about development process to management process which is written in District Regulation No (TUKS). This study aim to analyze the application of RRR (Right, Restriction, and Responsibility) concept in management of marine space in industrial areas.

Study Area
This study located in Gresik Regency, East Java. Based on the coordinates of the boundary line, the position of Banyuwangi Regency lies between 7°08'10" -7°08'40" South Latitude and 112°38'30" -112°39'30"East Longitude. Administratively, Gresik Regency in the north side by the Java Sea, to the east side by the Madura Strait and Surabaya City, to the south side by Sidoarjo Regency, Mojokerto Regency, and to the west side by Lamongan Regency. This research was conducted at that location to analyze the application of the RRR cadastre concept in industrial areas. One form of analysis related to the application of the RRR concept is to evaluate the suitability of the plan by the government through RZWP  . This data is used to identify the RRR Restriction cadastral concept, by analyzing the change in function of water territories into land. SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 are satellite imagery products that can be easily integrated within a GIS scope or used to obtain thematic geoinformation information combined with other satellite, air or ground information. SPOT 6 and SPOT 7 obtain images simultaneously in two modes, namely panchromatic (black and white) and multispectral (LAPAN, 2018). In this research, SPOT 6 and 7 satellite imagery is used to support the NDWI (Normalized Different Water Index) method analysis process which requires green band channels and NIR (Near Infrared) bands.

Validation of Application of Right Cadastre Concept (Permit)
The validation process for the application of the Cadastre Right (Permit) concept is based on the document of the agreement between KSOP Gresik and PT Petrokimia Gresik regarding the use of waters. This document was obtained from the industrial company PT Petrokimia Gresik, where this document discusses the agreement on the use of waters by PT Petrokimia Gresik as a special port or Terminal for Owners (TUKS). In the document of this agreement, the water area around the PT Petrokimia Gresik industry is included in the area (Work Environment Area) and DLKp (Area of Interest). The location of the area around industrial waters is in accordance with the East Java Province Coastal Zone and Small Islands Zoning Plan (RZWP-3K) 2018-2038. It is explained in (RZWP-3-K) of East Java Province that the zoning of PT Petrokimia Gresik's industrial waters is in a Public Use Area with a Port and Sub-Zone DLKr (Work Environment Area) and DLKp (Environmental Area of Interest). The document of the agreement letter between KSOP Gresik and PT Petrokimia Gresik also explains the water area use permit that has been agreed between the two parties who have the right to use and regulate their respective waters, which is based on several related legal regulations.

Validation of Application of Restriction Cadastre Concept (Restriction).
a. NDWI (Normalized Different Water Index) Methods In the validation process, the application of the Cadastre Restrition (Boundary) concept uses the process of classification of water and land areas using the NDWI (Normalized Different Water Index) method. The purpose of using the NDWI method is to obtain the boundaries of the water area with the land in industrial water areas. The NDWI (Normalized Different Water Index) method helps to separate water and land areas using the algorithm proposed by McFEETERS in 1996: SPOT 6 2015 and 2018 Satellite Imagery is used as well as SPOT 7 Year 2019 Satellite Image to obtain the results from the definition process using the NDWI (Normalized Different Water Index) method.

b. Digitize and Overlay
After the NDWI method is carried out, it is continued with a digitizing process on the coastline resulting from the NDWI process itself, as a form of land boundary with water. Coastlines in 2015, 2018 and 2019. Then overlapping each year is carried out to analyze changes in the area of water.

c. Analysis of Land Use Change in Land and Marine Area
This analysis is used to determine the change in the function of water areas to land in the industrial area of PT Petrokimia Gresik and its surroundings. The analysis of changes in the function change of water areas to land is intended to determine changes in the management area of water areas which have the following areas:

Identification of Right Concept
In accordance with the rules for granting permits according to Law No.1 of 2014 concerning Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands, the PT Petrokimia Gresik area is included in the Area of Interest Area (DLKp) and Work Environment Area (DLKr) which in that area is used for special port. In accordance with the zone of RZWP-3-K, namely the port zone as well as from the existing map in the port zone which is also obtained from the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (DKP) of East Java Province, PT Petrokimia Gresik has a terminal or special port to support its industry, which called TUKS (Terminal For Owners

Identification of Responsibility Concept
From the conformity validation process against the Environmental Management document, environmental permits were obtained which were owned by the industrial company PT Petrokimia Gresik. The permits stated in the document are in accordance with the management of ecosystems around the water area, along with the types of ecosystem preservation and environmental permits such as Amdal Terminal Development for Interest (TUKS) PT. Petrokimia Gresik and Mount Sari Water Purification Installation (IPA) Uprating, and PT Petrokimia Gresik's wastewater quality has met the wastewater quality standard.
The concept of responsibility in this study is analyzed through the form of ecosystem preservation and waste management carried out by PT Petrokimia Gresik. This is manifested in the form of permits that have been pocketed by PT Petrokimia Gresik and several awards that have been won in waste management.    So the conclusion of this study is, the industrial area of PT Petrokimia Gresik has fully implemented 2 cadastral concepts, namely Right (Permit) and Responsibility (Responsibility). For the concept of Restriction, it is still possible to carry out further analysis related to the permit to change the water area to land which involves changes in the management area of the water area.