The environmentally friendly technology: A framework for the development of tidal swampland to promote food production in Indonesia

High yield and low methane emission are two goals in tidal swampland management systems. In tidal swampland, draining converts soil organic matter to be oxidized and release emission of CO₂ into the atmosphere. Organic matter has been used as a soil amendment to improve the properties of this soil. Methane is produced by anaerobic soil bacteria, methanogens, and methanotrophs, by utilizing organic matter from the soil and rice root exudates, and it is transported to the atmosphere through aerenchyma. In wetland soil, rice straw incorporation with and existing vegetation are a source of organic matter to improve soil fertility. However, management of organic matter with a traditional system called "Tajak, Puntal, Ampar" often increase methane (CH₄) emissions, one of the main sources of anthropogenic CH₄. A portion of organic matter decomposition in saturated soils yielding methane (CH₄) rather than CO₂. Methane is one of the main greenhouse gases and is known to be a major cause of global warming. We analyze each of the components of technology and its relation to lessons learned. The environmentally friendly technology in tidal swampland includes: water management, land preparation and land management, amelioration and fertilization, use of low-emission varieties, and intercropping. Implementation of this technology in swamps can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents a framework for environmentally friendly farming in the wetland for food production, which includes (1) the characterization and problem of soil; and (2) environmentally friendly technology. Implementation of this technology in swamps can reduce GHG