Digital Technologies Development for Maritime Activities Oceanographic Support in Arctic and Subarctic

There are considered the results of digital technologies development within oceanographic support for maritime activities in Arctic and Subarctic while climate change. While research, authors used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of data bases constructing in case of digital decision support platforms. Recently, the trends in oceanographic support for maritime activities demonstrate new concepts in data obtaining and presenting. Authors give the preference to usage of digital decision support platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. As base model for decision support, we proposed to use block diagram of geo-information support decision within in environmental economics while climate change. The proposed basic model allows direct assessment of the oceanographic support cost impact on the overall business profit from maritime activities in Arctic and Subarctic while climate change. While research, there is used platform https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Valery_Abramov2/ for preliminary data exchange and discussion.

In the article, the authors describe the results of digital technologies development for maritime activity oceanographic support (MAOS) for large environmental projects [21][22][23] within naturalindustrial systems. For Arctic and Subarctic, significant attention in the implementation of such large projects should be paid to geo-information support of natural risk management in the context of climate change [24,25], including the issues of information collection and processing [26][27][28][29][30].

Methods and data
While research, there are used theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of data bases (DB) constructing in case of digital platforms (DP), web-technologies and virtual reality tools. From the point of view on geo-information management, geo-space is structured to allocate the interconnected components of the solution space [5].

Results
From the point of view of geo-information management (GIM), authors made statement, that maritime activity oceanographic support (MAOS) for large environmental projects (LAPs) within naturalindustrial systems (NIS) in Arctic and Subarctic while climate change is to be carried out in the environmental economics paradigm as related set of large natural-industrial projects (LNIPs) within common space area and time period. In figure1, there is presented a block model of investment structure while LNIPs, which combines the investment objectives of such LNIPs (blocks 1-5) with cost of adequate MAOS (blocks 6-8), including natural risks management of LNIPs (block 7). Our analysis shows that the largest part of the MAOS cost is the environmental monitoring cost (block 8), the essence of which is determined by the content of block 7. Significant part of cost for the block 8 is the cost of hardware and software, which varies significantly for different LNIPs, especially for Arctic. Using above mentioned model, authors propose to develop the geo-information and geo-ecological support system (GIGESS) for MOAS, which has combined structure for access, storage and analysis of information from open geo-spatial data sources, including archives and operative mode web tools.
Reducing the cost of GIGESS for MAOS is an important direction of MAOS's construction. As a result of the research, performed using foresight technologies, the authors suggest to use geoinformation distributed online platforms (GIDOPs) with cloud technologies (CT) as the main technological solutions for construction of GIGESS for MAOS. There is given preference to open access digital platforms (DP), such as Google Earth https://earth.google.com/web/. In this article, there is recommended to use open access GIDOP Earth https://earth.nullschool.net/ru/, which has wide and comfortable Application Programming Interface (API) to very useful geo-information for MAOS in Arctic, including fields of waves and currents in Arctic Ocean and surrounding waters.
On figure 2, there is example for visualization of wind wave field in Arctic Ocean and surrounding waters on 28 th August 2020, screened from GIDOP Earth.

Discussion
GIDOP Earth https://earth.nullschool.net/ru/ can be used in educational and training purposes, too. The essential task of university practical learning (UPL) in the field of MAOS will be to teach students the practical aspects of work with GIDOP Earth tools, which requires a developed learning base within special geo-information systems (GIS) laboratory. In some cases, real practical work in special GIS laboratory can be undergoes with virtual reality (VR) technologies, that can reduce total cost of learning process.

Conclusion
Authors consider results of digital information technologies development for maritime activities oceanographic support (MAOS) in Arctic and Subarctic while climate change. While study, there are used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of databases constructing in case of digital platforms. which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. As base model, it is proposed block diagram for investment structure while large natural-industrial projects (LNIPs) in Arctic. The proposed model allows direct assessment of the MAOS's cost impact on the overall business profit. Authors propose to use geo-information distributed online platform (GIDOP) Earth https://earth.nullschool.net/ru/, as basement for low-cost geo-information and geo-ecological support system (GIGESS) for MAOS in Arctic and Subarctic while climate change, including educational and training purposes.