Scientific bases of biodiversity conservation in the conditions of educational and experimental farm of GBPEI “Ufa Forestry Technical College”

The Article is devoted to the methods of biodiversity conservation in the educational and experimental farm of GBPEI “Ufa Forestry Technical College”, where a collection of resource species of different climatic zones is preserved. The main decorative-deciduous, beautiful-flowering, wild-growing, fruit, medicinal species and families of the collection are presented, their generalized characteristic is given. Some results of studying of features of biology and reproduction at introduction in the open and closed soil in the context of the southern Urals are given.


Introduction
The most important task of our time is the preservation of biodiversity. National and international strategies and programs "national strategy for biodiversity conservation of Russia" (2001), "Strategies for the conservation of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" (Order Of the government of the Russian Federation of February 17, 2014 N 212-p), "global strategy for plant conservation" (2002), etc. Conservation of plant biodiversity is a priority. It is carried out in different regions in relation to species and varieties using a wide range of methods in situ (protection in protected areas) and ex situ -(introduction and collections in Botanical gardens and greenhouses, biotechnology, breeding, banks).
Purpose of the research: to assess the collection Fund of the educational and experimental economy of the Ufa forestry College.
Ufa lemon tree nursery was founded in 1990 and since 1992 it has become an educational and experimental farm Ufa forestry College. So far, a collection of resource species of plants has been gathered in the educational and experimental farm GBPEI "Ufa forestry College". The area of the educational and experimental farm is 3.9 hectares, including the open ground of 1.5 hectares and protected ground of1 hectare, represented by a year-round greenhouse.
The territory of the educational and experimental farm is located in the temperate continental climatic zone of the Northern forest-steppes. South, southwest, north, northwest winds are prevailing. January is one of the coldest months (-14.5-(-17.5) °C), the warmest month is July (+19.7 °C). In some years, there are droughts. The total rainfall is 550-600 mm on average, the frost-free period is 105-110 days. The average height of the snow cover is 30-60 cm [3]. In greenhouse environments, optimal conditions for growth and development of subtropical and tropical crops are maintained all year round. The minimum temperature is 10-12 °C, in summer windows are provided for ventilation. The humidity regime is maintained with the help of sprinkler installations, and on average is 60-70 %.
In total, the farm grows more than 512 species of plants in 117 families, and 330 genera, including decorative-deciduous, beautiful-flowering, wild-growing, fruit, medicinal plant species (Fig. 1). The General list of species is presented in table 1.   The name of the families was determined by S.K. Cherepanov (1995), greenhouse speciesaccording to the catalogue of greenhouse plants of the Botanical garden of the Botanical Institute. named after V.L. Komarov [1,8].
On the basis of morphometric characteristics of taxa introduced in the farm, it is shown that varietal properties are preserved during further reproduction. In protected ground under conditions approached to natural, many cultures successfully develop and begin to bear fruit.
In   Methods of clonal micro-reproduction in vitro are developed, the optimal sterilization regime for Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck and Citrus medica L, Stemmacantha serratuloides Georgi) M varieties are selected. Dittrich, Valeriana wolgensis Kazak. When studying the stages of microclonal reproduction of crops, a high percentage of Explant viability was revealed, which makes it possible to obtain a large number of healthy planting material. Differences in growth rates were revealed when growing rootstocks in the substrate in greenhouses and in vitro culture.
The collection is systematically replenished. Since 2009, Сitrus limon (L.) Osbeck varieties have been described and included in the state register of the Russian Federation. Urman, Salavat, Leysan and Citrus medica L. Uraltau and Zilya of Bashkir selection [4].
The farm conducts regular agrochemical studies of the soil, calculated irrigation rates and doses of necessary fertilizers for different crops. Agricultural practices of cultivation in the conditions of open and protected ground are developed.

Conclusion
The collection of the farm is used for educational purposes, for aesthetic, environmental education of the population. Today, the lemon tree nursery is the basis for practical and theoretical training of students of specialized educational institutions of Ufa. Lemon tree nursery annually visited by more than 30 thousand people, including guests of the city, the Republic and the country. Specialized (floral, botanical) excursions are held for visitors.