Research on the problems and Countermeasures in the safety supervision of dangerous chemicals in Qingyang City

This paper mainly analyses the problems existing in the safety supervision of dangerous chemicals in Qingyang City, and further provides scientific and reasonable countermeasures for the existing problems, so as to effectively prevent and reduce the accidents of dangerous chemicals and ensure that people’s lives and properties are not threatened.


ntroduction
Hazardous chemicals (dangerous chemicals), which are toxic, harmful, flammable and explosive, have combustion supporting and radioactive properties, and are easy to cause harm to personnel, equipment and environment. With the rapid development of China's chemical industry, hazardous chemicals have been widely used. It has attracted more and more attention about how to manage hazardous chemicals safely. In recent years, although China has initially established a safety management system for hazardous chemicals, the situation of safety management for hazardous chemicals is still not optimistic. About 20% of chemicals are hazardous chemicals. Because the types of hazardous chemicals are complex and flammable, explosive, toxic and easy to pollute, they can be produced in the six links of production, storage, use, operation, transportation and waste disposal without any attention Casualties and property losses. This will not only pose a threat to people's life and property security and environmental health security, but also easily cause panic to society and hinder the sustainable development of social economy.
This paper mainly studies the problems existing in the process of safety production supervision of dangerous chemicals in Qingyang City, and puts forward corresponding improvement measures for the existing problems, improves the government's strategy of safety production supervision, and then promotes the safety development of dangerous chemicals enterprises.

Problems in safety supervision of dangerous chemicals in Qingyang
2.1. Problems in comprehensive management of hazardous chemicals (1) The list of responsibilities for work safety in Qingyang City clearly defines the responsibilities of the supervision and Management Department of hazardous chemicals, but the comprehensive management progress of relevant departments and counties and districts is slow with less communication, cooperation and coordination.
(2) Because most of the enterprises in Qingyang are private enterprises with weak safety awareness and low cultural quality, they have not used professional knowledge and standards to carry out safety Enterprises have developed risk identification and analysis to provide risk assessment).
(3) Qingyang City's two-level safety supervision departments generally lack of supervision personnel and professional and technical talents (one in Xifeng, Zhenyuan and Qingcheng respectively). In addition, the comprehensive management has a large workload, a wide range of points, many departments involved, and less supervision and inspection on the comprehensive management.
(4) At present, there is no large database platform for hazardous chemicals production, storage, use, operation, transportation and waste disposal enterprises relying on government data sharing and exchange.
2.2. The implementation of the main responsibility of the enterprise is not in place Judging from the inspection results, most of the private enterprises in Qingyang City have imperfect safety production responsibility system and management system, and only do a good job of surface work to cope with the inspection of the leaders. The responsibilities of the main person in charge, the person in charge and the safety officer are not clear enough, there are many cross responsibilities, and the implementation of the main responsibilities is not in place. Although most enterprises have established safety management organizations, they are not in line with the actual situation and cannot play the role of management organizations. There are many problems in enterprises, such as lax management of special operations, inadequate implementation of management system, insufficient professional ability of safety management personnel, weak safety quality and safety awareness of employees, and the phenomenon of emphasizing production, operation and Safety is not important are still prominent.

Low quality of employees in oxyacetylene Enterprises
Most of the employment of oxyacetylene enterprises comes from migrant workers, whose education level is generally low. Although they have passed the training, they still do not match the current situation of chemical automation. "Three areas are not divided" (office area, filling operation area and storage area are mixed construction), the fire resistance rating of rented residential buildings fails to meet the specification requirements, the emergency rescue equipment is out of date and insufficient, the individual settings of power supply and distribution system do not meet the requirements, temporary electricity use is common, the site safety management is chaotic, with the development of urbanization, the surrounding buildings continue to increase, resulting in insufficient safety distance and lack of professional and technical personnel.

Disordered management of methanol market
The illegal storage and sale of methanol in Qingyang City is still outstanding, and the relevant departments in the city have made joint inspection for many times, which has achieved certain results, but the situation is still not optimistic. Some methanol dens are illegally stored without permission, and the safety distance between them and the surrounding areas is insufficient, even some of them are stored in the urban area, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the surrounding residents. Some methanol enterprises have obtained the license to store dangerous chemicals, but they have stored a large amount of methanol fuel in the office, which has laid a potential safety hazard.

Insufficient supervision and law enforcement and disordered supervision
Some basic level supervision departments are not comprehensive in the content of work safety law enforcement, have not rechecked and accepted the problems found, and the law enforcement is generally weak. The phenomenon of only checking and not punishing, and avoiding the heavy punishment and the light punishment still exists. In the aspect of procedure standardization, hazardous chemicals safety supervision mainly shows that the staff are not fully in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations or the implementation standards of various supervision departments are not unified, which leads to the disorder of the supervision of hazardous chemicals enterprises.

Problems in fireworks
Six wholesale enterprises of fireworks and firecrackers in Qingyang City failed to apply the flow information system of fireworks and firecrackers according to the requirements, did not paste the flow label, the flow label was inconsistent with the product information, and the in and out records were not recorded in the flow direction system, and other problems were prominent; video monitoring in the warehouse, fire-fighting facilities did not meet the requirements of relevant standards and specifications; the retail outlets "Below is the shop, above lives" and "front store and back house" were still prominent. It is difficult to solve the problems of Cross County transportation, distribution between wholesale enterprises and retail stores, monopoly of products, withdrawal of unsold goods from the market and recycling.

Non pharmaceutical and precursor chemicals are not reported in time
There are only three non-pharmaceutical and precursor chemicals enterprises in Qingyang City, which deal in the third category of hydrochloric acid. According to the requirements, they need to report the flow of products at the end of each quarter and each year. However, some enterprises fail to report on time, resulting in the criticism of the municipal and County Safety Supervision Bureau by the Provincial Bureau.

Optimize team structure
From the current development situation, Qingyang hazardous chemicals industry safety management organization has fewer personnel, poor professionalism, and unreasonable talent distribution structure. On the one hand, relevant management units should broaden the channels of talent introduction, formulate and issue relevant policies to enable the hazardous chemicals supervision team to add more professional and technical talents, and optimize the unbalanced knowledge structure of the supervision team. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the education background of safety talents in hazardous chemicals enterprises, not to relax the recruitment threshold to complete the recruitment task. For some special types of work, it is necessary to have relevant qualification certificates before employment, and strictly check the physical health and working years of employees.

Innovation of safety publicity and education mechanism
According to the analysis of safety supervision of hazardous chemicals in Qingyang City, there is a certain relationship between safety production accidents and the government, hazardous chemicals related enterprises in the work of safety production supervision. Relevant departments should not only strengthen the publicity of safety production supervision, but also publicize new contents. The development concept of "I want to be safe, everyone wants to be safe, always ensures safety and everywhere is safe" is deeply rooted in the people's hearts. We should make use of the Internet, television, newspapers, radio and other media, do a good job in relevant knowledge publicity activities, so that the public can understand the damage of hazardous chemicals, and establish a long-term safety awareness. In the planning of publicity and education, the interests of the people should be put in the first place. In the process of publicity, publicity and education should be carried out according to different publicity objects. The main principals and employees of those high-risk enterprises shall be the focus of publicity, and the focus of publicity shall be the concentration of chemical enterprises and the developed business area. In this way, social forces can also be fully mobilized to supervise the safety of hazardous chemicals. The government uses the rich resources of the media to set up an online consultation and complaint platform, carry out public opinion survey activities, let the local government and relevant enterprises fully understand the opinions of the masses, broaden the appeal channels of the masses, make the masses and government departments communicate more effectively, and turn the regulatory government into a service-oriented government When formulating relevant laws and policies, we can also inform the masses at the first time to establish a good image of the government among the masses.

Strengthen the supervision of hazardous chemicals
Every year, hazardous chemicals accidents occur frequently in China. The main reason is that the relevant government departments and enterprises do not have enough supervision on hazardous chemicals. Therefore, the government and enterprises should increase the safety management of hazardous chemicals. While strictly implementing the national laws and regulations on hazardous chemicals, the government should also formulate and improve the legal documents suitable for the safety supervision of hazardous chemicals in the region, so as to make up for the gaps and deficiencies in the safety supervision of hazardous chemicals. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the joint law enforcement of the departments, increase the frequency of supervision and inspection, make an investigation and secret visit, and increase the punishment and public exposure for enterprises that defy the laws and regulations of the state. In addition, the enterprise should establish the production concept of safety first, take safety as an important work, actively cooperate with the government departments to investigate potential accidents, enhance the sense of responsibility and mission, and strictly implement the rectification work. It is also necessary to make clear the responsibility of safety in production, perform their respective duties, and establish an effective emergency response mechanism to prevent accidents.

Strengthen cooperation and contact between departments
In order to play a better role in the safety management of hazardous chemicals, Qingyang municipal government must strengthen the cooperation among all departments of the government. Although each hazardous chemical supervision department has established its own database and information network, but the information exchange between each department is not smooth, the essential reason is that there is the phenomenon of interest differentiation and separation between each department. In order to smooth the information sharing among all departments, the government should perfect the linkage mechanism among all departments of work safety supervision of hazardous chemicals, clarify their responsibilities, establish the linkage mechanism of data sharing, information exchange and functional complementarity, so as to jointly discuss countermeasures and pre prevention management before the accident, take effective emergency measures when the accident occurs, and control the accident risk to the minimum.

Conclusion
This paper analyzes the main problems existing in the safety supervision of dangerous chemicals in Qingyang City, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures against the problems, so as to effectively prevent and reduce the accidents of dangerous chemicals and ensure the safety of people's lives and properties.