Performance evaluation of fish auction (TPI) in improving fisherman welfare at Muara Angke, Penjaringan – North Jakarta

The purpose of this study to determine and analyze the Profile of Fish Auction Sites (TPI), management of Fish Auction Sites (TPI) to the welfare level of Purse Seine fishermen, evaluate the duties and functions of Fish Auction Sites (TPI) in supporting the welfare of fishermen in Muara Angke, Penjaringan, North Jakarta. The focus of qualitative research was obtained after Evaluating the Performance of Fish Auction Places (TPI), researchers conducting general exploration (observation grand tour and grand tour question) using purposive sampling. Data analysis in this study uses data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study, Fisherman Exchange Rate (NTN) for ABK fishing Purse seine In Muara Angke, revenues and expenses per day, of total family income above one. Whereas NTN capture fisheries business income is above one. This means that the current acceptance of the fishermen’s family has not been able to fulfill all their subsistence needs, even though all of the needs for capture fisheries can be fulfilled. The movement that we can know from INTN (Fisherman Exchange Rate Index) provides families from time to time. An illustration of the observations per day, INTN is based on the total income of all fishermen in Muara Angke which is the author’s research sample tends to increase. This shows the purchasing power of people in Muara Angke during the last 1 year has been slightly fluctuated.


Introduction
Indonesia is an archipelago in Southeast Asia that has 13,487 large islands and small islands, of which 6,000 are uninhabited, and spread around the equator. Astronomically Indonesia is located at coordinates 6 ° N -11 ° 08'LS and from 95 ° 'BT -141 ° 45'BT and is located between two continents namely the continent of Asia and the continent of Australia. DKI Jakarta has an area of around 661.52 km² with a sea area of 6,977.5 km².
Jakarta as a metropolitan area with a population of around 28 million is the largest metropolitan area in Southeast Asia or the second place in the world has great potential for fisheries to be used sustainably, in exploiting the huge potential of fisheries that need human resources (HR) or professional performance. This is based on the decision of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Number: KEP.10 / MEN / 2002 regarding the General Guidelines for Integrated Coastal Management Planning, a coastal area is defined as a transitional area between land and sea ecosystems that interact with each other, which towards the sea 12 miles from the coastline to province and one third of the sea area (provincial authority) for regencies / cities and towards the boundaries of districts / city administrative boundaries. Coastal communities are people who live and carry out socio-economic activities related to coastal and marine resources. Thus, the community has a high dependence on the potential and condition of coastal and ocean resources. Coastal communities are a group of people (fishermen, fish farmers, fish traders, and others) who live together to inhabit coastal areas to form and have a distinctive culture related to their dependence on the utilization of coastal resources.
Coastal characteristics if viewed from the biophysical aspects of the area, coastal and marine space and the resources contained therein are unique so that human intervention in the area can result in significant changes, such as landscapes that are difficult to change, the process of meeting freshwater and water the ocean that produces a unique ecosystem. In terms of ownership, coastal and marine areas and the resources contained therein often have an open nature. Besides, the profession as fishermen was passed down through generations from their ancestors.
The notion of performance is a description of the level of achievement of an activity program or policy in realizing the organization's goals, objectives, vision, and mission as outlined through the organization's strategic planning. The existence of employee performance is very necessary for a company. The higher the level of a person's performance, the greater the chance of a company to get its goal [1].
Fish Auction Place (TPI), besides being a gateway for fishermen to market their catches, is also a place to repair nets, motorbikes, and ships in fishing operations. The main objective of the establishment of TPI is to attract many buyers so that fishermen can sell their catch as short as possible at a good price and can create a healthy market through pure auctions. Besides that, functionally, the expected target of the management of TPI is the availability of fish for the needs of the surrounding population with good quality and reasonable prices. However, the good and professional management of TPI may motivate fishermen to increase and develop their business in the fisheries sector. One of the main functions of TPI (Fish Auction Place) is to hold a marketing or auction of the catches of fishermen. In the auction process, TPI will be able to lift the bargaining position of fishermen when dealing with traders, with the creation of a decent price and payment system without harming traders [1]. The existence of a Fish Auction Place is expected to be able to prosper fishermen through a fishery credit program managed by the local Village Unit Cooperative and especially in the business units to equalize the growth and economic stability of fishermen and decide the direct relationship between fishermen and fish traders [2].
The economic conditions of coastal villages are vulnerable to seasons and changes in their environment, fishermen have accessibility sequentially from the highest to the lowest, namely: social capital (assets), then physical capital (the existence of fish landing bases, human capital, namely fishermen's knowledge of fishing, financial capital, namely the ability of fishermen to obtain capital to develop their business and the lowest is natural capital (fish stocks) [3]. Therefore, efforts to improve living standards should be carried out comprehensively with a variety of approaches, both structural approaches, and cultural approaches. The factors that influence the increase in fishermen's household income are fishing production, the outpouring of productive work time, and production costs or operating costs at sea.
Factors that influence the increase in sea production are ship assets, types of fishing gear, HR quality, fish prices, fishing areas, and development of post-harvest businesses in households. While the factors that influence the decline in the production of fishing products are fuel oil (BBM). The factors that influence the cost of fishing are ship assets, fishing gear, yield quality, and HR mutants. The measurement of performance needs to be done to find out whether during the implementation of the performance there is a deviation from the predetermined plan, or whether the performance can be carried out according to the schedule specified, or whether the performance results have been achieved as expected [4]. To make an assessment, the ability to measure performance is needed so that a measure of performance is needed. Performance appraisal is a systematic effort to compare what someone achieves compared to existing standards [5]. The goal, which is to encourage the performance of someone to be able to be above the average. From several opinions above, it can be concluded that performance measurement is to assess the work of a public organization. The public organizations have unique traits and characteristics. So public sector organizations need a broader measure of performance appraisal, not just measuring financial levels and efficiency levels [6]. Performance measurement of public sector organizations include aspects as follows: input is everything that is needed for implementation of activities can to produce output, process is a measure of activity, both in terms of speed, accuracy, and the level of accuracy of the implementation of these activities, group output ( output ) is something that is expected to be directly achievable from an activity that can be in the form of physical or non-physical, k group results ( outcomes ) are everything that reflects the functioning of output activities in the medium term direct effect.
From several indicators put forward by these experts, researchers used performance indicators, in assessing the performance of Muara Angke Fish Auctions. This indicator is used by researchers because this indicator assesses the performance of various aspects ranging from inputs, processes, outputs, results, benefits, and impacts. That way the results of measurement of organizational performance will be more accurate. However, of the six indicators proposed by the Mahsun, in this study the researchers only use four indicators of them, namely: input indicators (input) which are everything that is needed for the implementation of the activities that can be run to produce output. Through this indicator, the measure is the profile competence and facilities and infrastructure of the Fish Auction Place (TPI) that are used to improve the welfare of fishermen in Muara Ang to, Penjaringan, North Jakarta. Process Indicator ( process ) is a measure of activity, both in terms of speed, accuracy, and the level of accuracy of the activities. The things that become a measure in this indicator are the implementation procedure and the standard of time in supervising the sale and purchase transactions of the fishermen. Output indicators (output) are something that is expected to directly reachable from an activity that can be physical and nonphysical. According to the author, the output in this study was the result of an evaluation of the duties and functions of the Fish Auction Place (TPI) in supporting the welfare of fishermen in Muara Angke, Penjaringan, North Jakarta.
The outcome indicator ( outcome ) is anything that reflects the functioning of output activities in the medium term that have a direct effect. In this study, the activity output (output) is a method of management of the fish auction place (TPI) is good and true to the welfare of Purse Seine fishing crews in Muara Angke, Penjaringan, North Jakarta, as seen from the Exchange Rate Fishermen (NTN).

Methods
The research was conducted at TPI (Fish Auction Place) in the Muara Angke area located in Muara Angke, Penjaringan -North Jakarta. This location was chosen because in this area. there are potential fisheries products both the potential of marine fisheries and the potential of inland fisheries where there is less optimal handling for improving the standard of living of fishermen/fish farmers through the existence of the TPI. The type of research used in this study is descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative research methods are research methods that are used to examine natural object conditions, where the researcher is a key instrument, the data collection technique is triangulated (combined), data analysis is inductive, and the results of qualitative research emphasize meaning rather than generalization [7]. The focus of research is a single domain or several related domains of social situations. In qualitative research, the determination of focus in the proposal is based more on the level of novelty of information that will be obtained from the social situation (field). The focus of qualitative research was obtained after the Evaluation of the Performance of Fish Auction Places (TPI) researchers conducted general exploration (grand observation tour and grand tour question ). So that researchers will get a comprehensive general picture that is still at the surface stage of social situations. Determination techniques of respondents in the technique of determining informants, researchers used a sampling technique that is using purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a sampling of data sources with certain considerations that aims to make it easier for researchers to explore the object under study and the size of the sample is determined by consideration of information [8]. This technique is carried out at agencies related to evaluating TPI's performance in supporting the welfare of fishermen in Muara Angke which is divided into 3 agencies. Agencies that include Head of fish auction place (TPI) in Muara Angke, Penjaringan -North Jakarta Marine and Fisheries Agency of North Jakarta in Muara Angke, Penjaringan -North Jakarta, namely collection of secondary data and interviews to employees in the field of Resource Marine and Fisheries ,Interview with Muara Angke Fishermen , Penjaringan - North Jakarta, namely purse in fishermen, as the dominant type of fishing gear carried out by Muara Angke fishermen in using auction facilities and infrastructure at the Fish Auction Place in Muara Angke, Penjaringan -North Jakarta . The samples taken from a purse in fishing groups were 30 respondents because they already represented the population.
Types and Sources Primary data is determined by questionnaire techniques distributed to small fishermen in Muara Angke, Penjaringan -North Jakarta in a structured manner that is a form of a questionnaire that has prepared a list of questions to obtain more effective and accurate data under the research objectives. In the data collection technique researchers use 3 techniques, namely observation, interviewing, and recording document data. Data can be by the facts and accurate so that they can be accounted for. Data collection techniques used in this study were observed. In this study, researchers used a group of researchers to come to the place of activity observed but did not participate in the activity. For this observation phase, researchers immediately saw activities at the Fish Auction Place (TPI) in Muara Angke, Penjaringan -North Jakarta.
The data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. In the qualitative data analysis, the first objective was to find out the profile of the Fish Auction Place (TPI), including the functions of TPI and the vision and mission carried out at TPI Muara Angke. The second objective is to analyze the management of TPI with management functions, namely planning, organizing, actuating and controlling in supporting the welfare of Muara Angke fishermen. The fourth objective is to know the evaluation of the duties and functions of Muara Angke TPI according to the Regional Regulation of the Mayor of North Jakarta Administration with the results of the facts in the field. In the quantitative data analysis, the third objective was to calculate the level of welfare of purse in fishermen crew using the concept of Fisherman Exchange Rate (NTN), where NTN can be formulated as follows:

The development of NTN can be included in the Fisherman Exchange Rate Index (INTN).
INTN is the ratio of the total income index to the total expenditure index of fishermen households for a certain time. This can be formulated as follows:

Results and Discussion
In carrying out its functions and duties UPT PKPP and PPI have an organizational structure. In accordance with the Decree of the Governor of DKI Jakarta Province Number 105 of 2002 concerning Establishment of Organizations and Work Procedures of Technical Implementation Units at the DKI Jakarta Provincial Marine and Agriculture Agency, the organizational structure of UPT PKPP and PPI consists of (UPT PKPP and PPI Muara Angke, 2008) : Head unit , Sub-Division of Administration , Section Ports Fishing , Section of the fish auction , Section Business facilities , Section Settlements Fisherman, Law and Order , Sub Functional Groups. The Head of the Unit is the head who regulates the parts below such as facilities, fish auctions, ports, settlements, and security. Each of these parts is headed and has its members. The fish auction section also has its division so that it can be seen that fish auction is an important element of a fishery port management to support activities in it, especially at Muara Angke PPI.  (2018 ) Based on the age of the respondents in this study consisted of 8 respondents (26, 66 %) aged between 46-50 years and 2 respondents (6.66%) aged over 60 years. The distribution of respondents showed the majority of respondents were aged between 31-45 years as many as 11 people (36.66%). This is because the majority who work as fishermen are more in demand by the productive age group (the age of the productive workforce).   (2018) Based on the type of fleet used in fishing activities, it is known that the majority of fishermen in Muara Angke use motorboats to carry out fishing activities. It is known that as many as 20 respondents (66.67%) used motorized boats, 5 respondents used outboard motorboats (16.67%) and there were still respondents using boats as many as 5 respondents (16.67%). This shows that the fishermen at Muara Angke have used modernship technology in their daily fishing activities.  (2018) The majority of fishermen who engage in fishing activities are from outside DKI Jakarta, originating from Cirebon, Indramayu, Tegal, Lampung, Aceh, and other fish territories in Indonesia, various fishing houses in Muara Angke have the right to private property (SHM). It is known that as many as 20 respondents (66.67%) using a proprietary tile, 8 respondents rent a house as a residence (26.67%) and the remaining 2 respondents (6.67%) live with host families ride in the family his in Jakarta living in Muara Angke. This shows that the houses of fishermen in Muara Angke have been owned or become private property, which indirectly indicates that the economic conditions of the fishermen community in Muara Angke have been progressing, although the majority was not inhabited by native Jakarta (Betawi) residents in Muara Angke.   (2018) In table 3.12, it can be seen that NTN for Purse seine fishermen in Muara Angke, income and expenditure per day, from the total family income above one. Whereas NTN from capture fisheries business income is above one. This means that the current acceptance of the fishermen's family has not been able to fulfill all of their subsistence needs, even though all needs or expenditures for capture fisheries can be fulfilled.  The movement of the NTN that we can know from INTN illustrates the dynamics of the level of welfare of fishermen families from time to time. As an illustration of the observations per day, INTN based on the total income of all fishermen in Muara Angke which is the author's research sample tends to increase. This shows that the purchasing power of people in Muara Angke during the last 1 year has slightly fluctuated. This is because some fishermen have increased and some fishermen have decreased. INTN based Fisheries income declined slightly even though the NTN was above one. The trend of the INTN variation occurs because consumption expenditure is not fixed, and capture fisheries' business income is uncertain because it is influenced bycatches, fish species, fishing season, and the price of fish caught. The implication is that it needs to be observed to immediately invest when excess income is obtained, for example by procuring more modern fishing equipment/facilities to anticipate the risk of deficits during the dry season in the future.

Fisherman Exchange Rate Index (INTN)
The results of this study support the results of Suandi's study which states that the implementation of the empowerment program provides an important role to improve the welfare of farmers, but still