Abstract
Using a relatively simple experimental model with mature biofilms of Escherichia coli we showed that 1 h incubation with Vaccinium vitis-ideae, Betula pendula and Laminaria japonica extracts promoted biofilm dispersion inducing oxidative stress in the biofilms. However, a prolonged 3 h treatment completely changed mode of action of these extracts to strong prebiotic effects which were related to intracellular iron chelation.
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