Volcanic Eruption-Induced Tsunami in Indonesia: A Review

Tsunami, as a secondary hazard, can be triggered by tectonic earthquakes with its epicenter in the ocean floor, submarine volcanic eruptions, submarine landslides, meteor, or bomb at the ocean. Although volcanic eruption-induced tsunami events rarely happen, however, some events ever had a major impact, e.g., the 1741 CE eruption of Oshima-Oshima Volcano in Japan, the 1792 CE of dome collapse of the Mayuyama volcano in Japan, and the 1883 CE of Krakatoa tsunami in Indonesia. This review represents a brief database of the volcanic eruption-induced tsunami in Indonesia during the Holocene era. The largest historical tsunami due to volcanic activities happened in the 1883 CE in South Lampung. Pyroclastic flows from Krakatoa eruption reached the sea and triggered a tsunami with a run-up of 41.00 m, resulting in 36,000 death tolls. With this review, the purpose is to improve our knowledge of tsunami hazard and risk in Indonesia, especially those caused by volcanic activities, since Indonesia is known as a volcano-rich country, with more than 130 active volcanoes from a total of 400 volcanoes.