Smart kampung for Surabaya smart city: Criteria redefined

There are distinguished characteristics of housing needs in Surabaya based on its process, formal housing and informal housing, so-called with the name kampung. These kampungs becomes potential to be developed for its local intelligence or technologies in enhance the quality of life of the people living there which gives originalities. This article aims to determine the criteria of smart kampung that potentially contribute to make Surabaya closer to become smart city by its originality. This research uses housing and settlement theory, and smart city concepts as the general perspective. The focus areas in this study are located in the central and suburban areas of Surabaya. The method to determine the smart kampung criteria are using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Triangulation method. The results showed there are twelve criteria are as follows: (1) implementation of wastewater and waste management activities, (2) environment quality improvement program, (3) adequate infrastructure, (4) comfortness, (5) the communities’ literacy in technology usage for daily activities, (6) basic service provision and efficiency, (7) community empowerment activities, (8) the communities’ ability to adopt new things wisely, (9)household-based economic activities or SME, (10) security, (11) access to public facilities, (12) quality of life of society increases in everyday life.


Introduction
Indonesia is a developing country that seeks to improve its living standards in all aspects. In accordance with the agenda continued by the UN after the end of the MDGs agenda, it is time to enter the new agenda of the SDGs. The Sustainable Development Goals which is the development world agenda for the benefit of human and planet earth, which agreed by member countries in the implementation in an integrated manner in their respective countries. Indonesia participated in the implementation of the SDG program. In line with SDGs number 11, cities and sustainable communities, which make cities and settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable and stated in New Urban Agenda (Convergence of Development Agenda: Nawa Cita, RPJMN, and SDGs, 2015). The New Urban Agenda reaffirms our global commitment to sustainable urban development as a critical step for sustainable development in an integrated and coordinated with the participation of all relevant actors. The implementation of the New Urban Agenda contributes to the implementation and localization to achievement of the sustainable development cities, human settlements and citizen, empowering them to play an active and uniqe role in development initiatives [1,2]. The city of Surabaya is one of the cities in Indonesia that the city development towards smart city in the field of settlement. Where many urban villages are found that still try to maintain the existence of the region amid the development of the city to metropolitan. These urban villages need to be utilized to be the hallmark or excellence of urban development, which does not rule out the origin of Surabaya today. This sustainable development can not be separated from the concept of smart city or smart city. The concept of this smart city as an implementation effort of sustainable development. Smart city is a city concept that uses the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to connect, for monitoring and control of various resources within the city effectively and efficiently in order to maximize services to the citizens of the city (Hezberg, 2017; Alawadhi et al., 2012) [3,4]. The city of Surabaya is the largest metropolitan city in East Java Province with the focus of city development towards smart city. The dominance of rapidly growing land use today is a residential area, where settlement areas are spread throughout the region of Surabaya. The extent of settlement land reaches 16,051,51 Ha or 49% from Surabaya City area based on RTRW Surabaya 2014-2034. Nowadays, disparities are often encountered by misperceptions about informal settlements. Where the villages is not wild or slum settlements, but the settlements built by its ingabitants without following the formal building construction of the government based on Bappeko (2012). Urban villages are characteristics of Surabaya City to be maintained by exploiting the city rapid development condition towards smart city [5]. Surabaya is known for its potential development of urban settlements with worldclass performance. This is an opportunity in the realization of the city of Surabaya towards the smart city through the field of settlement. Surabaya urban village is the main attraction, where in the development of the city towards the metropolitan, Surabaya City Government and participaton of the community itself does not rule out the existence of the urban kampung. Which is the uniqueness of the city of Surabaya in the development of cities in the field of settlements that utilize the local potential to create an urban village that is inclusive, safe, resilient in accordance with the results of convergence in order to realize a sustainable urban village. The city of Surabaya has a thematic village, where the villages have been nurtured and have been used as pilot villages which move and develop independently with the supervision made by the city government. This thematic village has a diverse range of fields, both in the economic, social, and cultural fields, where the need for a standardized needs in other areas to become thematic villages is resilient not only rely on one field only. To achieve this, the need for intelligent settlement criteria in the village thematic in realizing Surabaya smart city [6].

Methods
The research variable used is the adaptation of smart city theory and adapted to residential area in Surabaya, which is found as follows. Type and number of industry, industry condition, type and number of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship condition, level of creativity/business innovation, condition of study location, economic contribution to other administrative scope, technological conscious condition, internet usage condition, condition of facility, condition of infrastructure, the condition of the passing vehicle, the regulatory conditions applied to the area, the availability of facilities, the availability of infrastructure, the coordination of citizens regarding environmental management, the level of education, the type and number of activities, the existing activity conditions, open mind, the type and number of reporting related to crime, criminal condition, health facility, educational facility, public building facility, tourism activity condition, social integration condition with adjacent territory, community condition, number of government service via online, access number or visitor of government service page, and condition of public response to government service via online.

Identifying the characteristic of smart activities and technology in urban kampung of Surabaya
Qualitative descriptive analysis is an analysis used to provide an overview of the potential area of study in depth accompanied by discussions that are tailored to the related theories. This analysis outlines the basics of each data variable that belongs to the category in each indicator and dimension concept. The data collected needs to be presented with communicative and informative to be easily understood by others. The resulting potential data will be specific and can be comparable to the variables in each settlement according to different potentials between one settlement with another.

Determining the smart kampung criteria towards Surabaya smart city
In determining criteria of intelligent settlement in Surabaya City based on the prioritized aspects of using qualitative descriptive analysis with triangulation validation. In doing this method of analysis is done by comparing between the results of analysis in quantitative and qualitative to be tested against experts according to the character of settlements in the city of Surabaya.

Results
There are influenced variables according to the case study area, Kampung Margo Rukun dan Kampung Lawas Maspati described in Table 1 It is known that the variables affecting each village represent the character of the community and the picture of a village in everyday life to find out how far the urban village is preparing to face the city's development [5].
In determining the criteria of Smart Village to Surabaya smart city requires comparation with related parties regarding the data that have been obtained, that is the side of government and academia that aim to get the criteria that can represent the common interest. The process through which this triangulation stage corrects the criteria by adjusting the plans that have been drafted by the government and ideally a criterion by theory by academic experts (described in Table 3). The result of this research is the criteria for the development of urban kampung to Surabaya Smart City, where there are 12 criteria that should be owned by the village to survive and adapt the development in Surabaya. The 12 criteria: there are implementation of waste water and waste management activities, there are environmental quality improvement program, there is adequate infrastructure, there are criteria of comfort, the community is able to implement technology usage in everyday activities, there are criteria of service target, there are community empowerment activities , the community processes accept new things in the adaptation, there are household-based economic activities, there are security criteria, there are criteria of affordability of distance to public facilities, and the quality of life of society increases in everyday life.