The accessibility enhancement of park and environment tourism for tourists by applying Surabaya’s tourism route

Surabaya City’s tourism has potentials throughout its landscape, such as beaches, seas, floral, and faunas. Therefore, synergistic tourism areas must be developed, thus it can be used to entice more local or foreign tourists. Park and environmental tourism in Surabaya has three themes of, 1) beach-sea-fresh water, 2) flora and fauna, also 3) theme park. Recently, the park and environmental tourism destination do not have the needed connection between each other. The effort of park and environmental tourism development is done through engagement approach using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) which involved an area’s stakeholders. The stakeholders are able to enrich the tourist attractions’ characteristic through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), map the tourist attractions’ locations using ArcGIS, and give suggestions in choosing the routes by considering the accessibility, distance, and transportation of the tourist attraction sites at Surabaya. These characteristics are parts of the achieved research target. The existence of park and environmental tourism route map as an integration of park and environmental tourist attraction is expected to increase the amount of reachable locations and is able to promote more tourist attraction sites.


Introduction
Surabaya's tourist attraction is not only offering the attractions of city buildings and modern lifestyle, but also has natural potentials which are match for an attraction's criteria. These natural potentials are the part of Surabaya's landscape as beaches, seas, floras, and faunas. However, the city development as the center of governing activities, housing and settlement, and business is threatening for the existence of these natural potentials. As known cases of mangrove area's functional shifting, building the sediment in beaches and estuaries (river mouth), also the declining of environment's quality which are happening in almost of the city areas. Thus, to decide an area as a tourist attraction has the consequences for all involved department to develop their appointed tourist destinations, to complete the supporting facilities, and to affirm the occurrences of positive effects of every aspects of surrounding societies and environments.
Knowing that not all the cities with natural potentials are surely make the city is livable, thus it is a must in every city to provide 30% of its area as green spaces. Surabaya has rehabilitated some themed park and city forest, also giving in effort in increasing more green spaces which are can be functioned as recreational sites. By creating those recreational activities, the development of tourist attractions at Surabaya that consist of natural beaches, seas, theme parks, city forest, also the varieties flora and fauna, Surabaya's natural landscape can be classified as park and environmental tourism.
The park and environmental tourism, as mentioned in the review of Rencana Induk Pengembangan Pariwisata Daerah (RIPPDA) which is a main plan of city tourism development of Surabaya for the year 2017, Surabaya has 32 tourist attractions which divided to three themes of, 1) beach-sea-fresh water, 2) flora and fauna, and 3) themed park. The tourist attractions at Surabaya are spread unevenly, also till recently is yet connected to each other. In fact, the integration between tourist attractions will ease the tourists to visit various attractions by a single trip. By knowing the tourism development in big cities around the world is concluding a tourism route for every attractions, Surabaya's park and environmental tourism also needs to develop one which help tourists to reach a tourist attraction and move to another which is accessible, short in distance, and provided with transportation facilities.

Research Concept
The various themes of park and environmental tourism needs specific development plan with a concept that is involving stakeholders using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. The Stakeholders directly participate in compiling all information about the particular tourist attraction's characteristics, mapping the location, and giving suggestions in choosing the tourism route.

Research Strategy
Based on the research concept above, the application strategy of the research describe as follows: • Literature Study This study aims to achieving a thorough understanding toward the theory also recent case study about Participatory Rural Appraisal and tourism theories thus support the acquiring research variables.

• Data Collecting
This activity of collecting data is divided to compiling the secondary data and primary data. The secondary data is used as table 1 shows. Meanwhile, the primary data is gained through an observation activity from field survey for acknowledging the existing condition of the tourist attractions, which later formed as tourist attraction's characteristics. Moreover, the primary data is compiled by the data taken from interviewing the stakeholders in the process of applying Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method.

Research Target
In the process of the research toward the analyzing data process, the research targets are set for the research can be systematically executed. The targets are: • First Target: Identified the park and environmental tourism of Surabaya's characteristic.
• Second Target: Analyzed the distribution of park and environmental tourism sites of Surabaya's distribution. • Third Target: Forming the map of the park and environmental tourism routes based on the proximity distance, accessibility, and provided facilities.

First Target: Identified the park and environmental tourism of Surabaya's characteristic.
As the observation result and compiled field data, thus achieved that the characteristic of park and environmental tourist attractions of Surabaya, such as: • Theme parks which are commonly in a form of a park with specific theme, intended for providing the city's RTH (Ruang Terbuka Hijau) or green spaces necessity. • The attractions of every theme park are very diverse. For example, Taman Apsari was constructed as a leisure site with Gubernur Suryo Statue, the first governor of East Java as a valuable and historical landmark, and Taman Prestasi was designed as an outdoor play ground for kids with various statues and amusement rides as educational medias, which is often offer free tickets for kids with academic achievement, such as first rank in class.   The distribution area of park and environmental tourist attractions for beach-sea-fresh water theme are concentrated on Northern Surabaya part. Western and Eastern Surabaya are for flora-fauna themed attractions. Meanwhile, the theme parks are scattered around Central and Southern Surabaya. In Figure  3, it is shown a map of park and environmental tourism of Surabaya with the green dot shows each tourism destinations.

Third Target: Forming the maps of the park and environmental tourism routes based on the proximity distance, accessibility, and provide facilities.
With the locations of park and environmental tourism destinations are partly scattered and partly concentrated in several areas, the next step of the research is to analyze the data qualitatively based on the attractions' criteria of distance proximity. Parts of the concentrated tourism attractions divided to three concentration areas, which are: 1) Central-Southern, 2) Western-Eastern, and 3) Northern part of park and environmental tourism destinations of Surabaya.
The central part area consists of 14 tourist attractions. These tourist attractions proximity distance will be calculated between points of tourist attraction A to tourist attraction N (represent each of park and environmental tourism destination in Central-Southern Surabaya areas). The result of the calculated distance can be seen on the distance calculation matrix on table 3. In the Western-Eastern area, there are 13 tourist attractions which represent by point A to point M, which is resulting on the distance calculation matrix on table 4. Meanwhile, the Northern area is constructed based on the distance between the attraction sites which will be integrated with the cable car route development plan as the transportation facility.
The special route for cable car is integration between the tourist attractions which connects Kawasan Kaki Jembatan Suramadu, Taman Suroboyo, Pantai Ria Kenjeran, Jembatan Surabaya, and Kenjeran Park, using mass transportation vehicle in the form of aerial tramway, which is pulled with a cable in a constant speed. However, the existence of the cable car (Green Line Route in figure 5.) is only a mass transportation plan in the future. This means that when this research is conducted, this type of transportation facility is not existed yet. Thus, the route between tourist attractions at the Northern Surabaya area is still using the recent common transportation.