Evaluation of Commuter Train User Mapping in the Sidoarjo – Indro Department

The mobility of people from Sidoarjo to Gresik for various purposes requires commuter train as an efficient transportation mode. There is a fundamental need to map the distribution of potential commuter train users whose destination is Gresik area. In this study, the researcher chose Sidoarjo - Indro commuter train route as it intersects with a road and its vehicular traffic. This research method examined the population, number of people using commuter service, vehicle mode selection, and problems encountered while travelling between Sidoarjo and Gresik. Data collection methods used were surveys and questionnaires. Data processing used was tabulation. The mapping results show that the purpose of the passengers’ trip is predominantly for work using motorbike which delivered access as far as 4 km (30%) and online motorbike taxi as far as 4 km (43%). It is known that the distribution of commuter train passengers is dominated by those who start from Gubeng Station and stop at Sidoarjo Station. The mapping of the distribution is important to create fundamental reference that is further used in transportation modelling for areas that are not yet served by Commuter Train services, considering that commuter train services are not evenly distributed throughout the region. It is also essential to evaluate based on commuter train travel behavior mapping.


1.
Introduction Transportation cannot be separated from regional growth planning, because transportation plays a significant role in supporting community activities (Yuliana Europe, 2021).stated that the increasing population and economy in a city should encourage the government to increase the quantity and quality of public transportation (Sari et al, 2021).The one indicator to evaluate a city growth is its public transportation facilities and infrastructure.On the other hand, cities with poorer public transportation facilities and infrastructure prevent the city to lower -income countries properly due to low accessibility (Mamboro et al, 2019).revealed that good urban public transportation contributes to various urban problems improvement.These urban problems include congestion, waste of fuel, air pollution, and several other problems.According cause of congestion in urban areas is the increasing tendency to use private vehicles such as cars and motorbikes compared to public transport, causing road capacity to be disproportionate to the existing traffic volume.The shift in people's behavioral patterns with the presence of public transportation, in the form of buses and trains, for example, can be interpreted as something that is related to transportation problem.For users of transportation services, the presence of public transportation means changes regarding population mobility patterns and transportation behavior patterns (Laloma et al, 2018).The more advanced and lower -income countries, the more attractive the city will be for the residents of the surrounding cities.This also happens to the city of Surabaya.Public transportation alternative which IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1353/1/012027 2 was initiated by the city of Surabaya municipality to reduce congestion in the Surabaya area, especially on Jalan Ahmad Yani, is Commuter Train.There are several train lines that cross this road section.In this research, Sidoarjo -Indro Commuter Train line was chosen.Commuter train is a transportation mode that is free from congestion and has quite affordable fares (Hartantyo, 2018).The number of passengers increases more than 10 percent per year (Nazwirman & Hulmansyah, 2017).According to a preliminary survey, the Commuter Train service has become preferable for passengers who can be classified into several categories, namely workers (lecturers, teachers, government employees or private employees), school students and college students which numbers are relatively large.The time efficiency offered is an advantage of using this train.Congestion and the extensive travel time encountered if travelling by private vehicle are also factors in the mode choice.The study location, the area or scope of discussion, is the Sidoarjo -Indro Commuter Train route.The line passes through Sidoarjo, Gedangan, Waru, Wonokromo, Gubeng, Pasar Turi, Tandes, Kandangan, and Indro stations.

2.
Research Method Population is used to distribute cognates or groups of objects that are the target of research.Population is a generalized area consisting of objects/subjects that have certain qualities and characteristics (Sugiyono, 2013).This research will tabulation data processing.Frequency table that shows how many times something happens.This table can be differentiated into a relative frequency table, namely a frequency table that contains percentages, while a cumulative frequency table, namely a frequency table that contains cumulative numbers.GIS is a series of activities for collecting, structuring, processing and analyzing spatial data/facts so that spatial information is obtained to be able to answer or solve a problem in a particular area of the earth's surface.Spatial data/facts are visualized in the form of points, lines, polygons (2-D), surfaces (3-D).The origin-destination matrix is a matrix used to describe movement patterns in the area being studied.The advantage of using this matrix is that it can determine the exact flow of movement in the interzone area.The sample is part of the number and characteristics of the population (Jasmalinda, 2021).Judging from the population, samples were taken using the Slovin formula with an error of 10% or 0.01 as follows.So at the end of this paper it will be concluded that the lower-income countries of the Gresik to higher -income countries Sidoarjo commuter line will have the potential to increase economic growth in the Gresik region. 3.

3.1.
Study of Literature A study by Fitra Ramdhani (2019), entitled Mapping Community Movements in Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), determines the estimated size of the distribution of community movements in Rokan Hulu Regency by understanding movement patterns using a synthetic method (spatial interaction) which is usually referred as gravity model (GR) in the form of an Origin Destination Matrix (MAT) and a desire line (desire line) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS).The analysis of movement distribution is carried out by using the Gravity Model with Boundaries -Transport -Pull (PACGR) and also with the Geographic Information System (GIS).Based on the research results, it was found that the largest trip distribution occurred in Rokan Hulu Regency is 75% for internal trips and 25% for between-zone trips.The results of vehicle trips mapping in Kukusan Village showed that in the road network model which directions go to north, south, east and west, trips generally go to the north direction in the morning and the other way in the afternoon.Road investment can generate greater economic growth than railway investment, especially through the influence on the motor vehicle equipment, other transportation equipment, construction and road transportation sectors (Yang, et.al., 2021).Improving the quality of roads and railways as well as structural improvements to transportation infrastructure make a significant contribution to a city growth (Ke, et.al., 2020).Fachri.M (2023), based on the results of their observations and analysis, indicated that the Sidoarjo-Indro commuter train route operates well and meets standards operation of commuter trains.This goes in line with the result obtained from this study that indicates an occupancy load of 60% maximum with an average load factor of 47%.This illustrates the Sidoarjo-Indro route on weekdays and holidays or weekends still meets the standard load factor which is 70% of train capacity.The line, however, encountered some delays on weekdays, which is 17% to 27%.

Passenger Indicators on Commuter Trains
The results of the questionnaires regarding the potential users of the Sidoarjo -Indro Commuter Train showed that the number of potential passengers from the group of Senior High School is 45% and people aged 21 -30 years (including the students) is 71%, shown in Table 2 and Table 3.The considerable share in the group of students is because the majority of potential Commuter Train passengers are dominated by students who want to travel to campus or school, work, and also travel back to their destination.

Population and The Purpose of Commuter Passenger Trip
The regional distribution of Commuter Train passengers is largely dominated by those who live in the city of Surabaya (68%).This is because Surabaya is the center of business in the area that also attracts people to reside in.Therefore, it is not surprising that many passengers start and end their trip in that city.Apart from that, in the city of Surabaya, there are many universities, schools and workplaces that attracts a lot of trips from its surrounding cities, shown in Figure 1.Commuter train passengers' origins are dominated by homes (82%).This is because many Commuter Train passengers travel from their homes as the distance from their destination to the station of origin is close.It is shown that the majority of passengers, 65% of share, live in around 2-to-4-km radius, shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.The trip origins and destinations made by passengers on the Sidoarjo -Indro Commuter Train are identified so that a matrix of origins and destinations of trips can be produced.The results also revealed that the distribution of Commuter Train passengers predominantly comes from Gubeng Station and stops at Sidoarjo Station.Based on a survey conducted by researchers, this is because many students study in the area around Gubeng Station and Sidoarjo Station.

Connection Mode from Origin to Starting Station.
This section discusses the transportation mode used by the passengers to get to the station or to their destination after getting off the train.The results showed that 30% of the respondents leave their origin by having a private motorbike ride.One of the factors causing many people to have a ride to the station is that parking costs more than the train ticket.The results of the questionnaires showed that the length of time required to travel from home to the starting station is mostly 0 -15 minutes (65%).The share of passengers in the 0 -15-minute group is 65% with a cumulative of 100%, shown in Table 5.

Transportation Mode Used from Station to Destination
There are 29% of the passengers who travel from station to their destination using online motorbike taxi.This is because there are facilities for online motorbike taxis driver to wait for passengers so that passengers do not wait for a long time at the station.Passengers for the online transportation category are 29% with a cumulative of 100%, shown in Table 6.The majority of the passengers are required to travel from the station to the destination within the distance of 2 -4 km (60%) with a cumulative of 100%, shown in figure 5. Most of the passengers have to wait for the train for 0 -10 minutes (59%).This is considerably short in terms of public transport waiting time if compared with other means, such as city bus, as the further the distance the passengers take, the more they tolerate extensive waiting time.Passengers in the 0 -10 minute category are 59%.This indicates that the commuter train service is considerably good, shown in Table 7.

Mapping the Residential Locations of The Commuter Train Passengers
Since many of the respondents rely on the service of the commuter train, the results showed that the majority of the passengers use the service more than 3 times per month, accounting a total of 44% of the total respondents.The commuter train passengers are dominated by those who live in Indro district of Gresik which accounts for 33% of the total respondents in Gresik.

Benefits from lower-income countries facilities for commuter train service coverage on the
Sidoarjo-Gresik route It was found that the current service of Sidoarjo-Indro commuter line has a potential to be developed by extending the route to some other areas in Gresik, therefore it is worth considering developing some other lines.Several direct benefits of lower-income countries the Sidoarjo-Gresik train line are: increasing economic growth in the short and long term (Fosu, 2021); increasing the speed of existing lines as it has the potential to result in savings in passenger costs and freight costs (Costa, et.al., 2020); imposing economic and social benefits that the community can experience directly (Zhou, et.al., 2020); lower-income countries a well-organized environment (Branco, et.al., 2020); transferring railway technology to the performance and sustainability of railway lines to other regions (Chege, et.al., 2019 andFelez, et.al., 2019).If the new Sidoarjo-Gresik train line is realized, economic growth in the area will increase in the short and long term.The existence of a new train line will attract domestic and foreign investors to invest their fund in the area.With incoming fund, it will open up job opportunities in various fields, especially to support micro and medium enterprises.The opening of new jobs will reduce the unemployment rate in the area which is currently quite high, including: Mojokerto City and Regency of 34,878 people, Gresik of 56,501 people, Surabaya of 125,276 people, Sidoarjo of 118,059 people and Lamongan of 40,678 people.A total of 375,392 people will have the opportunity to work and earn income in the future.

Conclusion
The evaluation of commuter line travel user mapping in the Sidoarjo to Gresik has revealed several essential information which includes (1) respondent characteristics improving the trip intention of Sidoarjo -Indro Commuter Train users is dominated by work at 27%.The mode choice factor for users of the Sidoarjo -Indro Commuter Train is dominated by affordable costs and comfort when traveling at 37%.The main problem encountered by Sidoarjo-Indro commuter Train users is dominated by traffic jams on the highway from home to station at 39%; (2) the range of passengers' travel distance from the origin to the starting station are dominated by a distance of 2 -4 km by 51%.Commuter train passengers from the station to destination are dominated by a distance of 2 -4 km by 43%; (3) the origin location of the passengers who live in Gresik Regency is dominated by Gresik District (29%), while in the city of Surabaya, it is dominated by Gubeng District (13%) and for Sidoarjo, it is dominated by Waru District (24%); (4) most of the trips are originated from home and most of those start the train tip at Gubeng Station and stops at Sidoarjo Station.(5) development of the commuter line is potential especially for Sidoarjo-Gresik line to expand the service coverage.

So, the number
of Commuter Train respondents taken as a sample was 100 respondents.This research will compare the indicators used in the survey commuter line from Sidoarjo district to Gresik district.These indicators include: (a) Commuter train passengers traveling, (b) Occupation of working passengers, (c) transportation and communication, (d) factors in selecting public transport modes, and (e) Range of services provided by Commuter Trains.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Distribution of Passenger based on living area.Source: Processed Personal Data, 2023

Figure 8 .Figure 9 .
Figure 8. Map of Distribution Patterns of Origin of Commuter Train Trips Source: Processed Researcher Data, 2023

Table 1 .
Data on the Number of Commuter Train Passengers

Table 2 .
Cumulative Percentage of Passenger Education.

Table 3 .
Cumulative Percentage of Passenger Age.

Table 4 .
Transportation modes used to get to the station

Table 5 .
Travel time from origin to starting station

Table 6 .
Connection mode used from station to destination