Implementing the Smart Village Concept for Disaster Relocation Area : A case Study of Mount Semeru Eruption Relocation Settlements in Lumajang Regency

The eruption of Mount Semeru was able to attract national attention, raising the assumption that early warning conditions for the community were considered poor. This was motivated by the unpreparedness of residents in carrying out self-evacuation so many victims were lost and the community had to be homeless. The research location is in Sumbermujur Village, Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency with an area of 81 Ha. This study aims to determine the conditions, priority aspects, and adaptation strategies of the community and government in areas affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru. The method used in this study is a multilevel Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine development priorities that can be carried out in implementing the smart village concept in the Mount Semeru relocation residential area. The smart village components studied include Smart Economy, Smart People, Smart Government, Smart Environment, and Smart Living. The results showed that the priority variable is smart People, with priority indicators on each variable being the use of information technology in production, distribution, and consumption schemes; level of education; Integrated online-based public services; Application of regulations related to sustainable villages; Educational facilities.


Introduction
Eruption is a term used to describe active volcanic activity To minimize all forms of losses that may emerge as a result of these events, efforts to countermeasure the upcoming threats and risks are needed (Nurjanah, et al., 2012).Most of the international experience of disasters shows that the impact is much worse than what would have occurred if there had been no planning or if there was inadequate planning for disaster management, (Carter and Asian Development Bank, 1992).
The eruption of Mount Semeru began in the early 19th century and continues to occur periodically until December 2021.Hot ash clouds and lava flows were spouting from the mouth of the mountain and damaging residents' homes and the surrounding environment.A moment before the eruption, the status of the volcano was still at level II (Alert), but thick black smoke had appeared which covered the residents' villages.'Alert' means that there were no proper preparations made by residents for selfevacuation which resulted in a record 43 deaths and hundreds of injuries (BNPB, 2021).
The government has helped to provide residential areas for affected residents through SK 1256/MENLHK/SETJEN/PLA:/12/2021 regarding Approval of the Use of Forest Areas for Temporary Shelter Activities for Victims of the Mount Semeru Eruption Natural Disaster.The land is owned by the IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1353/1/012009 2 Lumajang Regency government in the form of a production forest area in Sumbermujur Village considering the village's status as a disaster-prone area I, II, and III (MAGMA Indonesia, 2021).
Being "smart" in strengthening village resilience in disaster management involves five critical factors: human resources, collaboration, assets, infrastructure, and institutions (ARI, 2016).Villagers need to demonstrate intelligence by increasing their knowledge and skills, especially in disaster emergencies.For example, collaborative efforts within and between villages are vital with initiatives such as the "sister village" concept, which allows village residents to move to other nearby villages when an emergency occurs, especially for evacuation and assisting with the evacuation process.Local resources must be utilized effectively to meet community needs.The focus is not only on infrastructure development but also on maintaining sustainability.Institutions are essential in engaging key stakeholders such as society, government, scientific bodies, and academic institutions.Therefore, the intelligent village concept needs to be implemented and adapted to local village needs and village readiness to adapt to disasters Focusing on formulating adaptation strategies for communities affected by eruption disasters, the originality of the research lies in a comprehensive discussion involving physical and non-physical aspects as well as a new concept in village development, "Smart Village" which is a concept to adopt components or indicators from the Smart City to a smaller scale (village) to establish better governance and service to its citizens.The research objects are the community and related stakeholders in the relocation settlement area with a qualitative descriptive approach and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method as an analysis tool.

Definition of Disaster
Based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, disaster has the meaning of a series of events that can be able to disrupt people's lives and livelihoods.
The damage that can be caused is also able to target losses in terms of the environment, loss of life, psychological, to loss of property.

Disaster risk
Disaster risk is defined as the potential loss in an area within a certain period.Capacity is the ability of the region and society to take action to reduce the level of threats and the level of losses due to disasters.

Volcano eruption
Volcanic eruptions are natural disasters or damage with varied and complex damage consequences (Soraya et al., 2016).According to (Fitriani et al., 2021) eruption is a process of releasing volcanic material towards the earth's surface which can be in the form of lava, gas, ash, and others in uncertain quantities.

Adaptation
Adaptation has the meaning of changing something into a new form which is meaningful as a process of adjusting to a new environment (KBBI, 2016).According to Wijayanti (2016), aspects that can be assessed in the form of adaptation carried out by the community can be classified into three parts, namely: 1. Physical capital is an action taken by affected communities related to facilities and infrastructure related to disaster conditions 2. Social capital of actions taken by affected communities to be able to survive by modifying the pattern of cooperation and communication relations horizontally between residents and vertically with stakeholders 3. Economic capital actions taken by affected communities related to efforts to survive by modifying or replacing sources of livelihood.

Smart Village Concept
According to (Holmes, 2016) Smart Village has a role in carrying out environmental management as an effort to reduce the level of vulnerability to natural disasters.In addition, (Holmes, 2016)

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
AHP is used to support decisions to be taken in determining the priority of handling a problem.The advantage of using the AHP method is its ability to describe complex problems in a systematic hierarchical form ( Saaty, 1993).

Research sites
This research is set in a location where the Huntara (temporary shelter) and Huntap (permanent shelter) construction sites are the result of the relocation program for community settlements affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru.The location is located in Sumbermujur Village, Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency, East Java Province.The limitations of research locations refer to secondary data from BAPPEDA Lumajang Regency.

Data Collection and Data Analysis
The technique used for collecting primary data and secondary data in this study is described in the following table.Data analysis to determine priorities factors in the application of the Smart Village concept to relocation settlements is done by the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).Following process Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).The conditions seen in the smart economy aspect show that the typical product owned by Sumbermujur Village is processed food 'Kerecek bung' from young bamboo and bamboo handicrafts such as ashtrays, teapots, cups, tempeh, paintings, and other household products, the image shown in figure 3.Meanwhile, the conditions related to the use of information technology in the economic scheme cannot yet be identified because the local community's adaptation conditions in economic recovery are still in the adjustment stage.Known conditions on smart people concept, the results of interviews with residents of the relocation settlements show that most of the people have the last educational background at the primary and secondary levels.Squeezed conditions due to the eruption caused people to adapt to try to find income outside of their usual ways, such as working as coolies and opening stalls.Social recovery is also being carried out by the government with efforts in the form of distributing houses in new settlements that are close to neighbors, efforts to form new communities, and performing arts and cultural festivals with the picture shown in Figure 4. Based on these conditions, the community's readiness for the society 5.0 concept can be said that it has not shown massive use of technology and its use is still limited.The aspect of smart government that is reflected at the village level is the existence of the Sumbermujur Village website, but the website still does not display any information.But in a larger scope, namely at the district level, public services have been carried out on an online and integrated basis, such as the service for making Identity Cards (KTP).Transparency of information to the public is also promoted by two-way communication via social media such as Instagram as can be seen in Figure 5.This condition is certainly supported by internet connectivity and good communication at the research location.The smart environment aspect indicates that waste treatment of grey water is only through a simple filtration process and then discharged into water bodies.Black water waste is processed by building individual sanitation channels in each house to septic tank.Household waste is processed by grouping waste based on its type, organic waste is processed by chopping to then turn into compost.Meanwhile, inorganic waste is sorted according to the classification of recycled and non-recycled waste.Inorganic waste in the form of pampers is separated from other types of inorganic waste to be further processed into liquid fertilizer.All forms of waste processing can be seen in Figure 6.The application of a sustainable concept that ideally encourages the success of smart environment conditions has not yet been produced explicitly due to the urgency of handling relocation sites that are still focused on security and economic aspects.

AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process)
AHP analysis is used to determine the priority aspects in the formulation of the smart village concept strategy as an adaptation effort in the Mount Semeru relocation are carried out on each variable (criteria) and indicator (sub-criteria) which is explained as follows: 1. Priority analysis between variables (criteria) Priority analysis between variables (criteria) was obtained from filling out questionnaires of relevant respondents including three government agencies, namely the Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) of Lumajang District, the Housing and Settlement Area Office (DPKP) of Lumajang District, and the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office (PUTR) of Lumajang District, which resulted in a combination of weighting between variables in the form of an inconsistency value of 0.02 or 0.1 so that the assessment is declared consistent and can be used.Thus, the priority variable that has the highest weight value of 0.295 is the smart people variable.The results of the analysis of determining the sub-criteria in the smart economy variable obtained a priority factor with a weight value of (0.872) or 87.2%, namely the use of IT (Information Technology) in the production, distribution, and consumption scheme.The authorities conduct regular monitoring as well as quality and quantity improvements in the provision of education infrastructure on an ongoing basis such as the provision of free internet access, tuition assistance, and easy access to various education facilities.

6.
Conclusion 1.The existing conditions show that the research location has a typical product in the form of bamboo which is used by processing it into food and handicrafts.The form of adaptation carried out by the community after the eruption is the type of work and social changes.Forms of communication and public services began to develop by utilizing Internet technology.Stakeholders still do not have a design related to the concept of a sustainable village.It can be said that various facilities supporting the community's needs in the fields of education, health, and security have been made to their full potential.2. The results of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, which aims to determine the priority aspects of the research, show that the priority variable is smart people.The indicators in the smart economy variable that are prioritized are the use of information technology in production, distribution, and consumption schemes; the priority aspect of the smart people variable is the level of education; the priority aspects of the smart government variable are online-based and integrated public services; the priority aspect of the smart environment variable is the application of regulations related to the concept of a sustainable village; and the priority aspect of the smart living variable is educational facilities.3. The development direction that will be applied is the provision of training related to information technology in production, distribution, and consumption schemes; procuring tuition assistance and socialization of the importance of compulsory education; developing online-based public services; carrying out the formulation of sustainable village concept design; and conducting cooperation and monitoring related to the development of the quality and quantity of educational facilities

1 .Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in Determining Priorities 3. Create a Pairwise Comparison Matrix 4. Identifying Pairwise Comparisons to Get Priorities 5. Check Hierarchy Consistency 6. Checking the consistency of this hierarchy is carried out through several stages, including: a) Multiplying the weights obtained by the values of pairwise comparisons b) Add up the product in the first step above for each comparison criterion c) Dividing the total weight by the weight (Wi) so that the eigenvector value will be obtained d) Calculate the eigenvalue (equal to or close to 1) by dividing the eigenvector by the number of comparison criteria e) Calculating the consistency index (CI) value

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. (a) Bamboo Pottery in the Shape of Cups, (b) Bamboo Pottery in the Form of Painting and Tempeh, (c) Processed Kerecek Bung

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. (a) Sumbermujur Village Website, (b) Instagram Page of the Housing and Settlement Office of Lumajang Regency

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.(a) Garbage Trash with Two Classifications, (b) Liquid Waste Products from Pamper, (c) Garbage Chopping MachineThe code that is reflected in the smart living aspect pointed out that the existing health facilities at the research location were auxiliary health centers that were not yet operational, so the community had

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Criteria weight value 2. Priority analysis between indicators (sub-criteria) Priority analysis between indicators (sub-criteria) is used to determine the priority factors in the preparation of strategies for implementing the smart village concept on each related variable, namely smart economy, smart people, smart government, smart environment, and smart living variables.The results of the analysis obtained are as follows:

Figure 9 .
Figure 9. Smart Economy sub-criteria weight value b) Smart peopleThe results of the analysis of determining sub-criteria in the smart people variable obtained a priority factor with a weight value of (0.455) or 45.5%, namely the level of education.

Figure 10 .
Figure 10.Smart People sub-criteria weight value c) Smart governmentThe results of the analysis of determining sub-criteria in the smart government variable obtained a priority factor with a weight value of (0.352) or 35.2%, namely integrated onlinebased public services.

Figure 11 . 10 Figure 12 .
Figure 11.Smart Government sub-criteria weight value d) Smart environmentThe results of the analysis of determining sub-criteria in the smart environment variable obtained a priority factor with a weight value of (0.619) or 61.9%, namely the application of regulations related to the concept of sustainable villages.

Figure 13 .
Figure 13.Smart Environment sub-criteria weight value

Table 1 .
Research Data

Table 2 .
Strategies for Smart Village concept based adaptation It is necessary to formulate a strategy to an activity program to apply the Smart Village concept to residential areas relocation of the Mount Semeru eruption 2. In implementing the Smart Village concept in residential areas relocation of the Mount Semeru eruption, it is necessary to carry out collaboration and coordination between governments, institutions, and the surrounding community IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1353/1/01200913 3.The application of the Smart Village concept to the Mount Semeru eruption relocation settlement area in the application of 5 components namely Smart Economy, Smart People, Smart Government, Smart Environment, and Smart Living must adapt to environmental conditions and the conditions of the surrounding community