Effectiveness of waste management site reduce, reuse, recycle program in improving ecological citizenship

Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) aims to process organic and inorganic waste into something that can be reused. The processed results of organic waste are fertilizers that can be used as a medium for fertilizing plants, while the processed results of inorganic waste can be in the form of shopping bags, wall hangings, flower pots, and other handicrafts. In addition to aiming to process organic and inorganic waste into something useful, another goal of Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) is also to help employ the surrounding community members of the beneficiary community. The main purpose of the Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program is to improve the ecological citizenship of the community. This research uses qualitative methods to obtain the required data. This study’s results indicate that the Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program could have been more effective. There are still many obstacles encountered in the implementation of the program.


Introduction
In the 21st century, there is an urgent need to increase awareness, knowledge, and a sense of responsibility from humans to protect and maintain the environmental balance.All countries cannot escape the same global problem, namely the systematic environmental crisis [1].The community's mindset regarding waste management only depends on the collect-transport-dispose approach (end of the pipe) by relying solely on landfills; landfills cannot accommodate too much waste because it will result in a large amount of combustion, which will cause air pollution levels.Based on the facts that occur today, a lot of poor environmental management has happened in the 21st century, which has led to global warming, climate change, damage to marine ecosystems, forest destruction, lack of clean water, water pollution, air pollution, flooding, and extinction of biodiversity caused by poverty in environmental management [2].
One of the most basic human needs is a healthy environment, so environmental conservation and management must be planned for sustainable development [3].The setting is very important for anyone, a clean and healthy environment is a condition that is expected of all human beings, but at this time to make the environment healthy and clean requires understanding and commitment in the process of realizing it [4].Various ways have been done in terms of what people know about the environment and how aware they are of it.The habit of Indonesian people's awareness always prioritizes individual interests over public interests that still dominate [5].
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012040 2 Everyone has the will to achieve it, starting from the surrounding community, individuals, and other groups and institutions.However, this is unfortunate because it is only used as a slogan for those who sometimes want to avoid striving or moving this activity [6].To realize environmental cleanliness, public awareness is needed regarding protecting the environment [7].The community is given the option to be able to utilize but still must maintain and preserve the environment, which aims to keep getting better and better.Currently, what is often found in the event of ecological damage is due to the absence of consideration of nature in humans [8].
Waste is an object that is generally not utilized by the surrounding community, so the waste is discarded.The general perception is that all waste is dirty and rotten, so it must be burned and disposed of properly [9].Based on Indonesian Law Number 18 of 2008 and Indonesian Government Regulation Number 81 of 2012, waste is the residue of daily human activities and natural processes in solid form.Overcoming the waste problem, it should be done thoroughly from upstream to downstream, and the community must also take part in overcoming the waste problem so that the surrounding environment becomes clean, healthy, and comfortable [10].Quoted from news.detik.com,The Department of Environment and Hygiene (DLHK) noted that there are around 1,100 to 1,200 tons per day that are transported, even though the maximum limit of waste transportation in Karawang Regency is only about 500-600 tons per day.This makes DLHK overwhelmed to overcome the amount of waste in Karawang Regency.
Waste management, in this case, is very important because the waste problem cannot be resolved as expected, including in Karawang Regency.Deputy Chairman of the Environment and Health Division of the Karawang National Movement Association (PGK), Gabriel, revealed that the problem of waste management in Karawang cannot be controlled thoroughly; in this case, seen from several road locations, there are still piles of garbage [11].The Deputy Regent of Karawang stated that the waste problem in Karawang is very concerning.In one day, there are around 800 tons of waste sent.Of course, the existence of these waste piles, if not taken care of, can impact the surrounding environment [12].
A common problem that occurs in Karawang Regency is the problem of household waste that cannot be decomposed.In contrast, household waste is waste that will increase every day.Therefore, the best way to deal with household waste is to recycle or reuse household waste [4].Recycling is an activity carried out to process solid waste, including collection, sorting, processing, distribution, and manufacturing of products from the waste.Waste recycling activities such as (1) collecting waste that can still be useful to be used as products, (2) selecting waste that has been collected based on the type of organic waste and inorganic waste, (3) carrying out the recycling process so that it can become a useful product, (4) distributing the results of the product to be sold or used for daily needs.
As a form of waste management in Karawang Regency, the Karawang Regency Environment Agency (DLHK), in collaboration with Waste Management Site Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, has created a program called Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R), this Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program is to manage organic waste and nonorganic waste.As the driving force and person in charge of implementing this Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) program, DLHK collaborates with the Friends of the Environment Self-Help Group (KSM).This KSM then forms a group called the beneficiary community group, where the group together helps KSM in processing organic and inorganic waste at Waste Management Site Reuse, Reduce, dan Recycle (3R) Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara.

Methodology
The research method used is qualitative, with primary data and secondary data.Preliminary data is data obtained through observation and interview data with the Head of Waste Management Site, DLHK, KSM, and Community Beneficiaries at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara located in Cigembol Hamlet, Kutanegara Village, Ciampel District, Karawang Regency.Secondary data is obtained indirectly by researchers or collectors [13].
Interview data were collected from the head of the WMS, KSM (Community Self-Help Group), DLHK (Karawang Regency Environmental Agency), and beneficiary communities at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara located in Cigembol Hamlet, Kutanegara Village, Ciampel District, Karawang Regency.The criteria for selecting participants are determined by (I) their function and role in WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, (II) the influence given in the process of running activities at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, (III) beneficiaries of the TPR 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara program.Based on these criteria, researchers deliberately chose three people as participants in this study.The authors of this journal developed the interview protocol.The interview protocol consisted of ten semi-structured questions.It was then given to the WMS chairperson, CBOs, DLHK, and Community beneficiaries to determine the validity and clarity of the research issues.The participants agreed on five of the initial ten items.Thus, the five items where participants' disagreement was noted were subsequently removed from the final version of the instrument.The final version of the instrument was then pilot tested with the head of the Baraya Runtah 3R WMS and asked for his comments on the clarity of the questions.His comments were positive towards the questions posed by the researcher, but five items were removed from the ten items.
Interviews were conducted directly with the four interviewees by the researcher.The live interviews were recorded using a voice recorder application on a smartphone.The in-person interviews lasted an average of twenty minutes.They were transcribed and analyzed using appropriate and constant qualitative data analysis techniques.The researcher and one other independent person did data transcription and coding to avoid bias.Discrepancies and inconsistencies were discussed and harmonized.Participants were asked to read the transcribed instrument and confirm that the transcription represented their views.This was done to increase the validity and reliability of the data.

Result and discussion
The results of direct interviews conducted with the head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, KSM, DLHK, and beneficiary communities show that there is a decrease in the level of waste volume in Cigembol Hamlet, Kutanegara Village, Ciampel District, Karawang Regency which was previously very high due to the dense population, and directly adjacent to the industrial center in Karawang.This is due to WMS based on reuse, reduce, and recycle (WMS 3R) and the formation of a self-help community of environmental friends who are the drivers and responsible for the WMS 3R program.When asked about the effectiveness of the WMS 3R program, the head of WMS, Bina Lingkungan, stated that it was effective with the existence of a WMS program based on reuse, reduction, recycle.Still, he also complained about the lack of a waste collection fleet in Karawang, which resulted in the distribution of waste to WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara being less effective, which resulted in delays in waste processing that occurred at WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara.KSM explained that the lack of a waste transportation fleet in the process of distributing waste to WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara was due to the large volume of garbage in the Kutanegara Village area so that this waste transportation fleet that the Karawang Regional Government had provided was lacking, resulting in the process of distributing waste to WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara being disrupted.
The interviewer asked the speakers, namely the head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, DLHK, KSM, and the beneficiary community about How do you think the WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara program can improve environmental quality in Kutanegara Village, Karawang Regency?In this case, the head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara said that; the reuse, reduce, recycle (3R) based WMS program formed as an effort to maintain cleanliness and environmental quality in Kutanegara Village is beneficial in reducing the level of existing waste.Because Kutanegara Village is a densely populated residential area, as well as the wasteful lifestyle of the community, which makes this WMS 3R very necessary, because the waste collected will then be processed by recycling the waste, especially household waste that can be recycled without having to burn all the collected waste, which will cause air pollution and respiratory infections caused by the smoke from burning waste.Meanwhile, DLHK (Kawarang Environmental Agency) stated that the WMS 3R program is an outstanding breakthrough formed by the Karawang Regional Government to overcome the accumulation of waste that occurs in Karawang and its surroundings, especially in the densely populated areas of Kutanegara Village.This WMS 3R program can reduce the amount of waste in densely populated areas such as Kutanegara Village and reduce the level of respiratory infections caused by burning excessive amounts of waste.Besides that, this program can minimize citizen compliance, and increase the public trust as the fundamental success of government programs [14].KSM (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat Sahabat Lingkungan) said that answering the WMS 3R program at the Kutanegara environmental development site has a very positive impact on the environment and also the community around the location of the Kutanegara environmental development site.In this case, the people of Kutanegara village who were selected to be the beneficiary community group were then given the training to process organic and inorganic waste that could be recycled so that this WMS 3R program could help the economy of the community around the environment of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, and the beneficiary community, answered that the existence of the WMS 3R program and the community self-help group of environmental friends had a positive impact on environmental cleanliness, as well as air pollution in the village of Kutanegara, Karawang district.
Furthermore, answering the following question from the interviewer about how the participation of the environmental friend self-help group in influencing the people of Kutanegara village to join the beneficiary community group at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, in this case, the Head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara answered that; community participation to join as a member of the beneficiary community group in the WMS 3R program can be said to still have difficulties, due to the lack of enthusiasm of the Kutanegara Village community, this is due to public doubts that the program implemented cannot last long.The answer from KSM (Community self-help group of environmental friends) states that community participation in joining the community self-help group environmental friends is small [15].This is because many people in the Kutanegara village area and around the WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara are office workers and factory workers in the Karawang industrial area.So only a few office workers and factory laborers can take their time to participate in the beneficiary community group.From the results of these answers, there is a similarity of opinion between the head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara and the Friends of the Environment Self-Help Group.The head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara and KSM Sahabat Lingkungan agreed that the lack of enthusiasm of the community to join the beneficiary community group was caused by the large number of Kutanegara villagers who worked as employees and the lack of trust from the community regarding the sustainability of the WMS 3R program.
They are answering the following question from the interviewer about whether there is an influence of the existence of the TSP 3R program and the environmentally friendly self-help group on environmental cleanliness in Kutanegara Village, Karawang Regency.The head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara stated that the existence of the WMS 3R program at WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara and the formation of a self-help group of environmental friends greatly influenced environmental cleanliness in Kutanegara Village, Karawang Regency.The existence of the WMS 3R program makes organic and inorganic waste that can still be used and further recycled without having to burn the waste.With the existence of a community self-help group of environmental friends and the beneficiary, a community can help process the recycled waste, starting from making compost and making crafts from the remains of plastic waste that can be recycled, as well as providing education to the Kutanegara village community in selecting waste, so that the Kutanegara village community who are not members of the beneficiary community group, also know how to choose which waste can be recycled and which waste cannot be recycled, so that they can separate these wastes into different trash cans.Furthermore, DLHK (Karawang Environmental Service) answered that the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly community self-help group, as well as the formation of the Kutanegara village beneficiary community, had a positive impact on Kutanegara village, such as reducing air pollution caused by excessive burning of waste, and also providing financial benefits for Kutanegara village beneficiary community members, by selling the waste processing results they produced at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara.The following is the answer from KSM (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat Sahabat Lingkungan).The existence of the WMS 3R program and the formation of a self-help group of environmental friends has a positive impact on environmental cleanliness and also helps the economy of the community around Kutanegara village who are members of the beneficiary community group.In contrast, people not members of the beneficiary community group also benefit from the education that the self-help group of environmental friends socializes in the form of knowledge about the types of waste that can be recycled with waste that cannot be recycled.
Furthermore, regarding the interviewer's question, what are the obstacles to implementing the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly community self-help group?The head of the Kutanegara environmental development site answered that there were several obstacles to implementing the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly community self-help group.The obstacles were the need for a fleet of waste carriers in distributing waste from Kutanegara village to the Kutanegara environmental development site and the lack of members of the beneficiary community group.This case also hampered the waste processing work at the Kutanegara environmental development site.Furthermore, DLHK (Karawang Environmental Service) stated that there are obstacles to the implementation of the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly community self-help group, namely the lack of members of the beneficiary community group, which resulted in the processing of waste at the Kutanegara environmental development site being ineffective.And KSM (Self-help Group for the Environment) and KSM (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat Sahabat Lingkungan) stated that the obstacles faced by the implementation of the WMS 3R program, and the environmentally friendly community self-help group were the small number of members of the beneficiary community group so that in terms of waste processing at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara became obstructed and took not enough time one day in the process of processing waste at the WMS.In this case, the head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara, DLHK, and KSM agree that there are obstacles in implementing the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly self-help group.The obstacle faced first is the lack of a fleet of garbage collection cars which causes garbage in Kutanegara village every day that cannot be transported entirely to the Kutanegara environmental development WMS which results in the accumulation of garbage around the community's residential environment every day, the second is the lack of members of the beneficiary community group so that in the process of processing waste every day it becomes ineffective.
Next, answering questions from the interviewer related to what is the solution to the obstacles faced by implementing the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly community self-help group?The head of WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara stated that the solution to the problems faced by the implementation of the WMS 3R program and the environmentally friendly community self-help group, the first is to increase the number of waste collection fleets for the Kutanegara village area, given a large number of residents and the location of Kutanegara village which is adjacent to the Karawang industrial center area, causing waste accumulation.The second is that intense approaches need to be made to people not members of the beneficiary community so they can spare a little time to be willing to participate in WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara and join the beneficiary community group.Meanwhile, DLHK (Karawang Environmental Agency) stated that the solution to the problems faced by the implementation of the WMS 3R program, and the environmentally friendly community self-help group is to increase the number of waste collection fleets and the number of members of the beneficiary community groups so that the waste processing process at WMS Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara can run effectively.KSM (Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat Sahabat Lingkungan) stated that the solution to the problems faced at this time is the need to increase the number of members of the environmentally friendly community self-help group and the beneficiary community group; there needs to be an intense approach made to people who are not members of the environmentally friendly community self-help group so that they can spend a little time to join the environmentally friendly community self-help group or the beneficiary community group.

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The results of this study indicate that the WMS 3R program Bina Kutanegara environment, as well as the formation of a self-help group of environmental friends, has a positive impact on the environment of Kutanegara village, Karawang district.The reason for the need for a WMS 3R program and a selfhelp group of environmental friends is to help implement the WMS 3R program, where the positive impact of the WMS 3R program is to increase awareness of the Kutanegara village community of the waste in their environment, then reduce the level of air pollution caused by burning excessive amounts of samba, provide education to the Kuta negara village community through counseling, so that people know to create a clean and healthy environment, and can distinguish the types of organic and inorganic waste [16].
In this study, it is also explained that the WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara program can also help the economy of the community in Kutanegara village, Karawang district, which is where the formation of a self-help group of environmental friends, as well as a beneficiary community group for people who join the group will get training on how to process organic waste into fertilizer, as well as skills training on how to manage inorganic waste into resalable craft items.Especially by optimizing the digital role through the digitization program [17,18].The Karawang Regency Environmental Agency held the training for one whole month at WMS 3R Bina Lingkungan Kutanegara.

Conclusion
The Kutanegara WMS 3R environmental development program, as well as the formation of a self-help group of environmental friends, have a positive impact on the people of Kutanegara village, Karawang district, starting from increasing the ecological citizenship of the Kutanegara village community, reducing the amount of waste in the area, decreasing the level of air pollution, providing education related to the environment and choosing the type of waste to people who are not members of the environmental friend self-help group, and members of the beneficiary community group and helping the economy of the Kutanegara village community who are members of the environmental friend self-help group and the Kutanegara village beneficiary community group.