Work accident risk analysis using the job safety analysis (jsa) method in the timber industry UD. Dua Restu Sunggal, North Sumatra

Job Safety Analysis (JSA) calculates a job risk assessment. The JSA method’s importance is finding out what hazards can occur in each work process. This research aimed to identify the risk of work accidents in the UD Dua Restu Timber Industry. The stages of data processing using the Job Safety Analysis are to identify the hazards and potential risks posed, carry out a risk assessment that has been identified, and then determine preventive measures to control the hazards. For the sawmill area, the highest risk rating was 270 (priority 1). The strongest correlation was physical fatigue on work accidents with a sig.2-tailed value of 0.002 and a correlation class of 0.881. Meaning fatigue has a solid relationship to work accidents.


Introduction
Occupational health and safety (OHS) is defined as a thought and effort to guarantee the integrity and perfection of the physical and spiritual workforce and humans in general, their work, and culture towards a prosperous and prosperous society.At the same time, scientific understanding is a science and its application to prevent the possibility of accidents and occupational diseases [1].
Job Safety Analysis is a method used to calculate work risk assessment.Each primary job step is to identify potential hazards and recommend the safest way to do the job.Knowing the level of work risk, information on the riskiest work steps can be obtained and how to deal with them effectively [2] In managing high-risk forests, health problems in the form of stress due to work pressure, low job satisfaction, and work productivity are also fundamental issues.Stress due to work harms performance, ultimately reducing work productivity and increasing Occupational health and safety (OHS) disturbances due to weakening the safety climate [3].
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012023 2 At high risk of construction accidents, it has not received full attention.Control efforts are needed to minimize the potential hazard of work accidents in each production process.Risk management can be done by identifying potential occupational safety and health hazards [4].This study aims to determine the causes of work accidents, reduce the potential for workplace accidents, and determine the effect of work fatigue on work accidents at UD. Dua Restu.

Data collection
The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data.Preliminary data in this study were obtained from interviews, direct observation, research questionnaires, and documentation.The data needed is in the form of risk assessment data and cumulative fatigue symptom data.Secondary data is obtained from company profiles, journals as references, and other researchrelated information.

Population and sample
Respondents in this study were all workers in the loading and unloading division of sawmill activities.Part of the work is sawing 2 people, sorting 1 person, cutting 2 people, and transporting 4. The total number of respondents taken from all sections is 9 people.These workers have more experience regarding the work environment and production processes in the UD Dua Restu wood processing industry.

Data processing
The process of data processing utilising the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method involves several sequential stages.Initially, the hazards and potential risks associated with the task at hand identified.Subsequently, an assessment of the identified risks is conducted.Finally, preventive measures are determined in order to effectively control the hazard, with the ultimate objective of eliminating or mitigating the identified risks.

Risk assessment
Risk assessment is an essential and methodical procedure employed to evaluate the potential impacts, occurrences, and outcomes associated with human activities inside systems possessing hazardous attributes.Furthermore, it serves as a valuable instrument for firms in formulating their security policies.

Australian Standard/ New
Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) 4360.Assessing the risks (risk assessment) that arise by defining the criteria for likelihood and consequences (severity).The risk assessment formulation based on the Australian Standard/ New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) 4360 is as follows: R = L×S×R = risk rating, L = likelihood score, S = severity score [12].

Fine method.
The Fine method is used in calculating work accident risk scores by looking for three parameters, namely RS = E×C×P.RS = risk score, E = exposure, frequency of accidents, C = consequences that might occur, P = probability or likelihood of an accident occurring in a given time unit.

Cumulative Fatigue Symptom Index (CFSI).
The cumulative Fatigue Symptom Index (CFSI) is a process used to analyze cumulative fatigue symptoms (Figure 1).The value of each question is calculated using the following equation: r = y/T.r = score for each question.y = total 'yes' answers to each question.T = total respondents.Calculation of complaints at the subdimensional level, use the following equation: R = Y/kT.R = complaint level on sub dimensional.Y = total answers to 'yes' questions that are categorized as sub-dimensions.T = total respondents.k = the number of questions on the sub-dimensional.

Data analysis
To analyze the effect of fatigue on work accidents in this study using correlation analysis.The testing criteria or hypotheses used are used to determine the relationship between the variables used as follows [5]: (1) If the significance value > 0.05 = no connection, (2) If the significance value < 0.05 = there is a relationship.Guidelines for interpreting the results of the correlation coefficient or seeing the class of relationship between variables in the study can be seen in Table 1.

Occupational accident identification
In the combined two areas, there are 12 hazards and 11 risks (Table 2).There are four stages of field activities: Determining felling and ballast notches, cutting trees into logs, branching and dividing trunks (bucking), and then transporting the logs to trucks.At the sawmill activity stage, there are 3 activities, namely the first is preparing the records, the second is turning on the bandsaw machine, and the third is loading the logs into the Bandsaw.In the activity of determining felling and kickback notches, if it is wrong, it will result in the risk of being crushed by a tree, as stated ( [7]) which says that logging operators can start logging activities by first determining the direction of the tree fall, making a felling notch and making a back cut.If it rains continuously, then when transporting logs to the workers' trucks, they will experience slippery ground problems.When transporting too heavy logs, there is a risk of back injury.Field workers are minimal in using Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) which causes UD.Dua Restu has a high-risk value.The danger in the sawmill unit preparing logs is that the workers' hands can get caught when lifting the logs.Apart from that, turning on the bandsaw machine also causes noise from the machine, which disturbs the workers' hearing.One of the dangers caused by noise is complaints of worker subjectivity in physiology, psychology, and communication [6].

Risk assessment
For the field area, it can be seen that the highest level of risk occurs in the field area with the activity of transporting logs to trucks which creates a hazard when lifting too heavy logs, which can be seen in Table 3.This is because when lifting logs to trucks, workers traditionally transport logs using a back that two people carry for one part of the log.The sawmill area has the highest risk level value with a 9 (moderate) value in inserting logs into the Bandsaw.There is a safety hazard for machines that are not installed.

Fine method
Table 4 is obtained from direct observation and interviews with UD Dua Restu owners and workers.The field area with the highest risk rating is the hazard of being exposed to dust from cutting.This is because the workers in the cutting section do not use masks and goggles as PPE.
The sawmill area has the highest risk rating, namely the danger of noise from machines and dust from flying The noise hazard from machines is caused by machines that don't have sound absorbers and workers who don't use earplugs.

Control efforts
The risk controls in Table 5 can be applied to reduce the work accident rate at UD Dua Restu.Making felling and back-cutting notches can be controlled by appropriate felling and back-cutting notches.The receding notch is said to be correct if the base of the notch is made 1/4 -1/3 the diameter of the stem and the roof notch is tilted 30-45ᵒ while the back notch is said to be correct if it is made 4-10 cm above the notch [7].Inhaling dust from flying wood can harm the lungs and cause respiratory problems.The most effective control is to provide a local exhaust to absorb dust so it doesn't scatter.The intensity of excessive wood dust in the workplace significantly impacts lung function damage for workers [8].

Interfere with vision
Use PPE in the form of goggles Providing Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to workers is an ineffective risk control effort, so risk control efforts can be developed by seeking engineering controls, such as the enclosure-making dampers on bandsaw machines.The recommendation to reduce noise is the installation of enclosures on machines [9].Many workers do not use Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) because there is no precise, safe work Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), and safety induction is not carried out for workers.

Cumulative fatigue symptoms
Figure 1 shows that in the dimensions of physical fatigue, the sub-dimension of general and chronic fatigue has a CFSI value that exceeds 40% [3].This indicates that workers in the wood processing sector cause very high physical fatigue.Forestry is heavy physical work that often exceeds the capacity limit of forest workers, resulting in fatigue on the worker's body [3].The dimension of mental fatigue is relatively high, especially in feelings of anxiety.This indicates a feeling of anxiety.A common complaint is that sometimes you want to be alone and have something to worry about.This should be kept in mind.Workers who experience mental fatigue can still work effectively and vice versa.The results of their work are below routine work [10].Meanwhile, the social dimension is relatively lower.This indicates the work environment at UD. Two Restu are relatively good.

Pearson correlation test
The dimension of physical fatigue has a significant value of 0.002 with a correlation value of 0.881 for work accidents.In the dimension of mental fatigue, a significant value is 0.038, with a correlation value of 0.694.Meanwhile, social fatigue has a significant value of 0.191 with a correlation value of -0.480.Dimensions of physical and mental fatigue have a strong relationship with work accidents.Therefore, UD Dua Restu pays attention to employees' working and rest hours to reduce work accidents.Appropriate working hours are applied, namely 8 hours during the morning-afternoon, and for breaks, 1-2 hours during the day.If the working hours exceed the standard, workers will not work optimally, which can cause unwanted work accidents.
The length of the working period is related to the experience possessed, but the longer the working period, the greater the risk of exposure to hazards in the work environment [11], meanwhile, at UD. Two Restu workers with more than 2 years active, as many as 6 people.This makes workers at UD.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Cumulative fatigue results at the sub dimensional level for each type of work

Table 1 .
Categorization of correlation levels

Table 2 .
Identification of hazards and risks

Table 3 .
Risk assessment

Table 4 .
Risk level assessment using fine method

Table 5 .
Control efforts