Emphatic architecture: an approach to spatial quality concept in achieving adaptive retail resilience

The retail atmosphere is changing fast. A physical-based retail is developed by creating an experience with user empathy. The object of this research is an art fashion retail boutique fashion with art content and experiences that represent the uniqueness of customer segmentation. This type of retail will collapse if there are no repeat visits. Consequently, the retail resilience will be declined. Therefore, it is crucial to conceptualize how the customer experience in a retail setting influences purchasing decision-making. This study focuses on designing for customers with specific needs to gain personal experiences in art fashion retail. This experience is understood effectively through an empathic process. Spatial quality is related to the atmosphere. Understanding the atmosphere and customers is related to the existence of spatial settings, activities, senses, and behavior. The relationship between this aspect becomes the basis for developing the concept of personalizing from the customer's point of view. The strategy used is qualitative research to explore customer interaction experiences with spatial settings and gain a broad understanding of related aspects. The composition of the spatial quality elements of art fashion retail represents the customers' perception, experience, and behavior. Varied experiences include being close to a product, close to space, feeling at home, getting imaginative with settings, and uniting and strengthening social relationships. Then customers gain a comfortable atmosphere, so the existence of retail can be resilient in the latest era of retail business.


Introduction
The retail environment is changing rapidly, both online or internet-based and physical.The rapid expansion of online retail has long raised fears that shops and shopping malls might be abandoned.The strategy for dealing with this scenario is experiential retailing, which adapts physical-based retail to a way to survive along with the proliferation of online retail [1].A physical-based environment is developed by creating an inviting experience with the concept of empathy [2] [3].The object of this research is an art fashion retail space, namely a boutique with an interior designed to provide commodities for particular consumers.The art-fashion retail space markets specific fashion products with value content (art, culture, social) and is made using uncommon techniques [4].Independent boutiques tend to have fewer resources and often face pressure to turn "casual" visits into purchases.It is about how to create resilience in the retail industry [5].This retail is in a certain location, either in a commercial area or main street or second street.In this research, the location of the art fashion retail research is in a residential area that is easily accessible to visitors.This art fashion retail has gallery space facilities as a place to display and sell products, as well as a product-making workshop that can be accessed by visitors.Art fashion retail space is a retail space that markets fashion and art collaboration products.The value of fashion and art presents fashion that is different and not marketable [6] [7].This follows the main target of this type of retail store, which also pays attention to customer characteristics and personality so that it will deepen the empathy process.In architecture, all customers and problems are unique, and custom design solutions are used for each problem.Customers differ from one another and have different requirements.In a design approach, applying a subject orientation involving customers is essential for creating design solutions that empathize with customers [3].Bringing out the expression of creativity in retail space design can be started by understanding the motivation and character of consumers [8].Consumer motivation can be a function orientation or a hedonic orientation.Shopping for fashion needs can be categorized as a recreational activity, where consumers tend to pursue shopping motivations that are more than just acquiring products but choosing clothes to reflect their self-image [9] [10].It represents the taste identity of consumer groups based on their perspectives, values, and lifestyles.The interior space, consisting of constituent materials, decorations, colors, and lighting, represents its customers' views, status, and tastes.Some mechanisms connect humans with their environment, which gives rise to concepts such as perception and cognition that are influenced by cultural variations [11].In this research, perceptual and cognition processes occur in a specific retail environment with specific consumers, providing the richness and detail of the aspects of the multisensory mechanism.Multisensory activity mechanisms relate to humanity (scenery/motivation, personality, values, etc.), the body (affectional response, etc.), and the world (retail environment).Having empathy for customers helps reveal customer-intensive experiences and approaches.This illustrates how empathy in architecture can be used as a phenomenological approach to customer experience [6].
Every environment has the potential to offer experiences and determine human behavior.The need or motivation schema will guide the perceptual process to obtain information about the environment [12].Sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste are the senses that enable humans to perceive the environment, and they bring positive and negative feelings into a given experience.Therefore, it is essential to conceptualize how the customer experiences the retail atmosphere as a spatial quality in a fashion boutique, and that the retail resilience is enhanced through increased experience in the environment for purchasing decision-making.The benefits of aesthetic appeal and the resulting feeling of "pleasure" when using a product encourage hedonic consumption, including behavioral aspects related to multisensory, fantasy, and emotional consumption [13].In experiential fashion retailing, the shopping atmosphere is designed to increase the frequency and extend the duration of shopping trips [14].Buyers who stay longer are more likely to make transactions and spend more than buyers who shop for a shorter time [15].
Designers are responsible for responding to diverse customer's needs, expectations, and problems [16].There needs to be empathy with customers to help dive into their experiences, lives, and ways of life.So, developing empathy skills and reflecting them on products or projects is essential.This directs how empathy is used in design and architecture.There are approaches that separate views on empathy [17].In empathic design, sensitivity is emphasized, mainly when dealing with targeted (unique) customers [18].For spatial needs, it is essential to actualize the principles that need to be implemented, from architectural design to landscape design, that empathize with real customers.Therefore, this research aims to apply an emphatic approach in the design process to create varied experiences to gain a retail resilience concept.
Spatial quality related to the atmosphere is not just a space but a combination of space or setting and activity produced by the people in that space [19].This study aims to explore the impact of empathic architecture, namely by taking an approach to achieve the concept of developing a spatial atmosphere based on empathy in art fashion retail through the relationship between activity, behavior, and setting through case studies of art fashion retail that survives the development trend of the retail, towards the formation of an atmosphere in art fashion retail, so that it will become the basis for developing the store atmospheric concept from the customer's point of view.It is this view of buying behavior that is the aim of this research to open an exciting synthesis box that brings together analysis and research to form an overall notion of empathy and, through it, understand how and to what extent increased depth can be achieved.
Several studies in the marketing field show the role of atmosphere besides quality of service on customer satisfaction.With the influence on the purchasing process, atmosphere plays a vital role in particular situational factors in generating purchasing behavior.Situational factors caused by atmospheric settings will motivate and provide strong support for the purchasing process [6].Consumers in fashion retail are a type of loyal consumers.Customer loyalty is one of the crucial keys to retail business success.Retainingg existing customers costs much less than acquiring new ones [20].Data collected directly from the field is used to develop concepts.Field data originating from a natural setting may be dynamic in the form of personal experiences felt by individuals in the research object space, which may contain variations or hidden data.Creating a theme for empathic architecture to achieve a spatial atmosphere development concept in art fashion retail as a process of architectural design.The themes created are fundamental acquisitions in architecture, and the most critical factor in acquiring them is being able to empathize.So, it is essential to generate customer empathy, especially in stimulating experiences through multisensory activities as a stimulus generator.In the end, maximizing the value created from the process of empathy towards customers will create profitable emotions and experiences in achieving retail resilience through a conceptual approach to developing a spatial art fashion retail atmosphere on a small scale.

Empathy in architecture and design
Empathy is about the study of life and human relationships.Empathy came about by embedding the concepts of empathy and engaging customers.Empathy is transformed into a design tool with a firm design method.The concept of 'emphatic design' encompasses not only architecture but all other areas of design [21].Empathic design emphasizes listening to the real needs of the customer's heart and turning them into an innovative strategy for understanding the relationship between the customer and the designer [22].The most characteristic feature of empathic design is that designers go deep into the customer experience.While traditional design methods rely solely on the designer's personal experience, empathic design will understand how the customer sees, experiences, and feels objects, and atmospheres in the circumstances he uses the design product.This scheme makes the customer directly involved, as depicted in Figure 1 [18].

Sense of place in art fashion retail spatial atmosphere
Sense of place is a person's subjective perception of experiences in the atmosphere.This is an essential element in maintaining the quality of one's attachment to the atmosphere based on real feelings and built awareness [23].Experience is influenced by spatial structure (or place) and routine experiences.Space will become a 'place' if it is infused with meaning through the presence of an experience.This is related to the spatial atmosphere related to human perception, about the way people feel where they are through their personality [24].Sensory information about the atmosphere is generated through the color, brightness, size, and shape of visual stimuli and the volume and pitch of auditory stimuli.There are four elements of the atmosphere, namely: visual (sight) elements-color, brightness, size, and shape; aural (sound) elements-volume, pitch, and tempo; olfactory element (smell) -fragrance and freshness; tactile elements (touch) -softness, smoothness, and temperature.This is the earliest typology of atmospheric elements and does not include crowds and employees.An extensive framework of atmospheric elements that refers to the influence of the store atmosphere on inferences about store quality and image, namely: ambient factors -music, lighting, smells; design factors -floors, walls, displays/fixtures, colors, cleanliness, changing rooms, hallways, layout, signs; social factor -the sales force.This typology considers the social dimension but does not include retail store exterior design facilities [25].

Relationship between customer experience and architectural spatial settings as a support for empathic design processes
Empathy in architecture concept offers a different perspective to the customer-oriented approach with emphatic design methods.There are five critical steps in the empathic design process: observation, capturing data, reflection, and analysis, seeing the concept that arises from the process of spatial experience, and developing a design model [26].The designer must keep the customer in mind at all steps of the design process and participate in each step of the design emphatically.Understanding how customers perceive and understand their needs and problems [18].
In every design process that emphasizes the use of a visual approach, the "sensory experience" of each spatial object is realized in a design atmosphere which is then explained in architectural aspects.As an example, aspects of intimacy related to scale, size, the shape of space, and openings in the building become a factor in the existence of sequences in the building so that the building seems to have a 'storyline.'Another example is light on things.The building forms shadows and reflections on the surface, with the mass being perforated and given light [27] [28] [29].In addition to the atmosphere, the atmosphere of a social situation can also be supportive or discouraging, liberating, or stifling, inspiring or boring.The atmosphere in a place that gives a specific meaning and empathy to that place can differentiate it from other places and is formed from a unique activity [30].
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1351/1/0120125 2.4.Retail resilience through sensory experience 'Retail resilience' has been used to explore the ongoing transitions in various public areas such as downtown, main roads, and suburban malls but has yet to be applied to explore how retail systems respond to retail [31].'Spatial resilience' emphasizes that shopping spaces should be understood as 'free space' to increase retail resilience obtained from adaptation processes in various forms.Stronger retail resilience emerges from the mixing and collaboration of different types of shopping areas [32].The differences in shopping areas are felt through sensory experience and spatial responses through emotions and cognition (occurring through the perception process, namely by seeing, hearing, tasting, touching, and smelling) to atmosphere stimuli as an interaction between information-stimulating receptors in the perception and sensory processes.[33].The senses are considered as a perceptual system.Experience through the senses is a system for obtaining various sensations.Through sensory experience, information about objects can be obtained without being distracted from intellectual processes [34].There are ways to bring up the experience: differences, specific themes, depth (complexity), purpose, and open-ended [35].The five senses' experience helps define problems that are influenced by multisensory experiences and generate buying behavior from a range of sensory experiences.Sensory tools can be applied to create unique spatial experiences as well as a variety of other settings.This makes the sensory experience very important to note because the atmosphere can significantly influence the customer's emotions in a spatial setting, so buying behavior will arise [36].
The theme used to approach a way through the schematic influence of architectural elements and customer experience aspects and efforts to achieve the concept of developing a spatial atmosphere in art fashion retail from an architectural point of view.The theme in the schema will also bring out layers of difference through the relationship of behavior and settings that occur and translate it as architectural features based on emotions and experiences [37].

Methods
In empathy-focused methods, customers greatly influence achieving desired outcomes [38].In this study, the customer practices mentioned occurred as a research technique based on an emphatic process.The concept of "atmosphere" is relevant for visual analysis.This concept helps explain how the impact of images arising from their aesthetic, emotional, and corporeal forms is formed from human moods and cognitive responses [39].The thematic case study phenomenological approach uses a qualitative strategy with photo-elicitation to explore the relationship between customer interaction and retail space and gain a broad understanding of related aspects.The photo elicitation method is a method that uses photos or other visual media in interviews to generate verbal discussion to create data and knowledge.In addition, photo-elicitation makes participants generate deep emotions, memories, and ideas to explore experiences [40].

Participants and setting.
Observations and interviews of customer experiences are carried out in art fashion retail in Surabaya, which has survived for approximately 20 years in an era of rapid change in the retail atmosphere.During this time, this retailer experienced a decline in purchases, especially during the pandemic.This happens because the sales scheme is carried out directly at physical retail.However, this retail can still survive and be visited because it implements health protocols by applicable regulations by adjusting settings that maximize elements to stimulate customers' sensory experiences.The research location has a product fashion with artistic content, namely contemporary batik motifs with the theme of the city of Surabaya.Art fashion retail is located in a residential area but is easily accessible to visitors.This art fashion retail has gallery space facilities to display and sell products and workshops to make products visitors can access.Participants are respondents who were selected on the advice of art fashion retail owners and are interested in being involved in research.Participants are loyal customers and customers who have a design educational background.This is related to customer relations in retail, its consistency in fashion orientation, and a more profound process of design empathy.Participants consented to use their information, photographs, and quoted words from the interview results, ensuring anonymity.

Procedure
There was a procedure for reminding participants that they could withdraw from the research at any time during the research process, and meeting arrangements were made individually.Participants who were successfully recruited totaled five people, 3 are loyal customers and 2 are customers who have a design educational background.The tactic used to collect data is semi-structured interviews, where previously participants were asked to explore retail space and then photographed from three favorite angles, and at that corner, they made a purchasing decision.With photo elicitation at the interview stage, it is hoped that more findings will be able to be explored.In sequence, the following steps are carried out.Step 1, through interviews as a collaboration between participants and researchers, results in collaborative interactions [41].Step 2, through organizing the data, the photos obtained are part of the data source.The photos are grouped into categories according to the room where the photos were taken.Then, it is sorted from the most taken angle to the least.Step 3: Provide name identification on the photos (descriptors) produced by the participants.This provides an accurate picture of the concepts and elements that are important from the atmosphere of the space that provides the participant's experience.The presented experience is written as an essay or descriptive, then identification classification and theory validation are carried out on aspects/substances related to the theoretical framework.Step 4, through structured analysis using the NVivo software, these aspects or substances are in NVivo coded.Furthermore, the coding process is done by classifying, calculating, relating, and comparing categories/themes.Step 5, through interpretive analysis, to understand the emerging data.

Data analysis
Data processing techniques were carried out qualitatively on the results of interviews and photographs produced by research respondents.The output of this process is a presentation of the results of data analysis in the form of diagrams, tables, or graphs used for thematic analysis and associative relations.The version used is NVivo 14 by QSR International.The stages in using the Nvivo program start from conducting qualitative data analysis by following three s: reducing data, displaying data, drawing conclusions, and their verification.The processing carried out is the Matrix Coding Query process; namely, the matrix coding query in NVivo occurs from the cross-tabulation process of coding intersections between two item lists to find the central theme as a reference for concluding this study.

The retail setting, behavior, and atmosphere of art fashion retail
Even though in interviews and photo elicitation the participants did not have the same tendency to pay attention to all the elements of stimulation in the retail area, several elements still influenced the participants in generating stimulation and sensitivity into thoughts and tools to think more deeply about it.The following elements are felt to majorly influence participants in generating these thoughts.Art fashion retail creates a shopping experience and sensory stimulation that demands heightened sensitivity.The various stimuli presented play a role in influencing the purchasing decision process.This connection between sensory, stimuli elements, and emotion will be the material in representing how creative ideas can emerge.
Activities are carried out individually or in groups, and interactions occur with elements of the setting system both physically and psychologically.Physically and psychologically brings up a variety of behavior movements, exploring, observing, and touching the surface of the setting elements.This is based on the assessment made by the customer according to the level of interaction he can feel.Interaction with the setting system is obtained because of a combination of feelings, activities, and behaviors that are carried out.The description of the relationship pattern of activities and settings with discussion is carried out in each area, where each area also represents the use of space from participants' experiences and confirmation from retail owners.

Sensory.
All participants were more focused on the walls with bright colors, and almost all participants felt that they were bright, fresh, lively, and energetic.The furniture and display elements made of wood, namely gawangan, give a warm impression by the explanation given by the following participants, "The room is equipped with a gawangan that matches the theme with dark shades of wood, making this space feel so warm." Amben (low-stage table) caught the attention of most of the participants.Amben with dark brown teak wood material, as shown below, "My favorite apart from the seats is the low stage table (amben) as a sitting area which creates a sense of comfort.Feel free to view batik cloth products by stretching the cloth to see all batik motifs.".Decoration elements have received much attention, such as other wall decoration elements, namely antique plates and batik cloth with unique motifs hung on the walls.As expressed by a participant, "Furniture used in the store such as drawn batik sofa chairs also add a homey impression so that visitors who come to the shop feel at home for a long."Setting elements used in the shop, such as batik sofa chairs and chairs around the table, also add a homey impression so visitors who visit feel at home to linger in the shop.In the empathic approach, what is felt by all the user's senses regarding spatial quality, namely the spatial atmosphere or environment, is an important finding.In this research, participants generate stimulation and sensitivity into thoughts and elements to think more deeply about it.People create emotional impressions that build creative insight when all elements of architecture and interior are felt in more than one sense.The following table contains the setting elements and emotional responses felt by each sense and sensory category using a query matrix based on the tendency of stimulating elements.In the table above, product display elements (furniture and products), floor, furniture, walls, and decorations stimulate sight sense, sound sense, smell, and touch sense, providing pleasant, wonder, unique, comfortable, and intimate feelings.Besides how the airflow and daily conversations of workers in the workshop can be heard soft until they enter the retail space, it gives a feeling of homey, calm, and comfortable.

Spatial Atmosphere Element in Art Fashion Retail
Setting.The analysis of the relationship between the activity system and the setting system at the locations yielded findings that in the space where recreational activity and behavior occur, socializing, learning, and creating.The relationship between activity and setting involves system setting elements consisting of fixed elements: architectural elements, spatial quality elements, and semi-fixed elements.The setting system has levels adjusted to purpose and vision, accessed one by one based on the motivation and schemata of the participant (ethics, interests, believed values), as shown in Table 2, which includes the identification of spatial atmospheric elements that participants pay attention to based on an empathy approach and percentage comparison coverage using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS).Color and light: color composition, natural light, reflected light, light as shape and form

14,48%
The store atmosphere, which includes interior, exterior, layout, and interior appearance, can attract consumers, and arouse interest in buying.The store atmosphere is well-managed when it can make consumers feel comfortable [42].Setting the experience through creating store atmosphere elements in art fashion retail makes consumers want to linger in the store (activity and behavior in Table 3), indirectly stimulating consumer buying interest.A comfortable atmosphere will make consumers feel comfortable and linger in the store to attract buying interest.

Activities and behavior.
Physical and psychological impact raises various movement behaviors, exploring, observing, and touching surfaces, both the elements and completeness.This is based on the assessment made by the customer according to the level of interaction they can feel.Interaction with the setting system is obtained through a combination of feelings and activities.The description of the relationship pattern of activities and settings with discussion is carried out in each area, where each area also represents the use of space from participants' experiences and confirmation from retail owners.The pattern of this relationship is also accompanied by a description of the dimensions of the emotional response expressed by the participants whose classification is based on theory [43].There are recreational activities and behaviors, socializing, learning, and creating in space.Some of the activities that emerged from the findings of this study can be seen in Table 3.The various activities and behaviors are more than just product acquisition, including taking time to enjoy the atmosphere, interacting with others, for example, other visitors, taking photos or capturing moments, enjoying and having a banquet, and getting nostalgic.The table also compares the percentage coverage using Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS).There is a relationship pattern from the visualization of the scope of the relationship between the influence of variations and provision of settings on activities and behavior and the presence of stimuli for participant activities by many elements of settings, where each setting has value for the customer so that the five senses pay attention to it or respond to it.The participants raise this value because of what is inside humans and some of the things they learn (schemata), then form a relationship between the process of perception and cognition that guides emotional responses (affect) and behavior related to space.

Architecture experience as an approach to development concept for achieving retail resilience
Activities have a positive impact on the decision-making process.By being aware of problems that were not realized before and emphasizing that there must be a determination of customer needs and expectations, the process of experiencing spatial architecture can be carried out.All participants were more focused on the walls with bright colors, with almost all participants feeling that they were bright, fresh, lively, and energetic.The wooden furniture and display elements, namely the log cabin, give a warm impression by the explanation given by the following participants: "The room is equipped with wood furniture that matches the theme with dark shades of wood, making this space feel so warm." The following are elements that have a significant influence on participants in generating these thoughts.In this study, customers are asked to feel the atmosphere through existing architectural elements stimuli.The results show that customers get positive results on purchasing decisions by making purchases at the end of the session because they feel emphatic and connected through their reflections and their perspectives on their needs, conditions, and expectations that arise while in the art fashion retail area.This relationship will lead to the emergence of themes that represent how an emphatic approach can be a venue for maintaining and making art fashion retail resilient through a concept development atmosphere spatial in art fashion retail that is appropriate and targeted to consumers.

Experiencing architecture in art fashion retail
Experiencing architecture in art fashion retail occurs when multisensory experience-sensing mechanisms are continuously found in display areas to showcase products.Where the influence of the physical atmosphere is supported by the process of perception, motivation, beliefs, preferences, personality, and experience [44], this condition makes the participants tend to think based on the essential input source of thinking, namely through sight, as seen in the statement of one participant, "Apart from batik fabrics and clothes, there are other elements which in my opinion further support the luxurious impression given to the displayed batik clothes and fabrics.In this corner, namely wooden IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1351/1/01201210 furniture for displaying products and paintings on display".Experiencing architecture that gives rise to Aesthetics is always associated with how the senses perceive and observe objects and conditions.If there is no attempt at a multisensory experience, indirectly, participants perceive visual stimuli as the only way to produce effects and become the primary source of judgment.From the results of the study, the elements felt by participants in creating emotional impressions and impulse purchases that build imagination and cognition do not all come from sight, but because of the influence of other senses.Even the experience they feel can be felt when all of these elements are felt in more than one sense, as experienced by the participants in the following statement, "The light from outside and the room lights provide an atmosphere that makes me want to sit back, not just because the light that comes in is bright enough but also, the air that feels quite cool."

Relationship between emphatic and architectural spatial atmosphere to bring up concept development
Findings from literature and data processing results have been analyzed to understand sensory state elements and raise discussions about how sensory experience influences the spatial atmosphere as an effort to make it an emphatic method in architectural processes and design on the impact of design solutions on customers, resulting in a schematic relationship between empathic and architectural spatial atmosphere to bring up concept development to achieve retail resilience through the concept of developing a spatial atmosphere in art fashion retail on a small scale.This refers to buyer engagement, considered essential in the conceptual and actual design stages relevant to art fashion retail design.At this point, a mechanism can be applied to examine the customer experience more deeply to support using the empathic design method.Experience in mechanisms is considered using in-depth interviews and photo elicitation techniques, which are then examined for trends in their influence on the customer's empathy process.The relationship between empathic and architectural spatial atmosphere makes the customer and owner more aware and sensitive in expressing their dreams, thoughts, and emotions towards a design, said to be empathy shown to the customer's influence in achieving maximum results.

Get imaginative with settings
The table above shows a relationship between activity and behavior toward the setting that influences the emergence of behavioral architecture and how an arrangement of various architectural settings influences habits that ultimately create a unique architectural habit.The behavioral architecture in Table 4 emerged from the findings of this study.Feel part of the space, feel at home, and get imaginative with settings from coding analysis and formulating relationships using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software.Furthermore, the analysis is carried out by identifying the relationships in each activity and behavior towards each setting element.These relationships are then transformed into behavioral architectures, which are then used to facilitate the emergence of theme synthesis in concept preparation.The following is an explanation of the relationship between activities and settings with discussions carried out, where each area represents the use of space as explained by the retail owner.The following describes the analysis of the relationship between system activity-behavior, and system settings.With the influence of the multisensory experience gained from space exploration activities and the influence of various elements of space, participants can get a variety of emotions and stimulus behaviors that are more diverse than before.In addition, the relationship between elements felt by participants such as the application of room colors that match the participants' personalities.Other experiences also generate good emotions and experiences in providing meaningful experiential effects as a source of sensory experience to generate the concept of spatial atmosphere.An example of a behavioral architecture created is the emergence of "close to product" from the relationship between product display elements and lighting settings for interaction between customers and products.Apart from that, according to the results in Table above, an interesting behavioral architecture that also emerged was "show off and collect," which was heavily influenced by unique settings in retail such as product displays, artwork, and decorations, additional facilities combined with the arrangement of architectural elements such as color and light, giving rise to the activity of taking photos or capturing moments.From Table 5, themes of architectural activities and behavior such as intimate convenience, lingering, consolidating, and others obtained from the results of the formulation of various keywords analyzed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software.The stages of carrying out the empathy process in architecture begin with collecting data about universal design principles and targeted customers, gaining customer experience through empathy, and producing a design that creates awareness by combining the concepts of empathy with the studies developed.The mechanism between perception, experience, and consumer behavior relates to atmosphere psychology from the relationship between humans and their atmosphere settings where each factor offers human experiences and behavior have an influence and are related to each other to give rise to architectural behavior in art fashion retail.The scheme for developing the spatial atmosphere concept in art fashion retail is supported by four customer factors starting from multisensory activity (sight, touch, smell, hear, and taste), customer emotion and perceived experiencing architecture, customer activity and behavior, and customer motivation, personality, and preferences.These four factors together form an architectural experience with an emphatic approach that arises from the relationship between architectural objects, activities, behavior, and how the senses perceive these stimuli.This relationship can occur because of the feeling of empathy that arises due to the significant influence of the architectural atmosphere of the space.As seen in Table 3, customer motivation, personality, and preferences attached to users greatly influence how they perceive atmospheric stimuli.With the influence of multisensory experiences obtained from space exploration activities and the influence of various spatial elements, participants can obtain a more diverse range of emotions and behavioral stimuli than before.In the end, this experience creates a theme that functions to evoke emotions and experiences, both in providing meaningful experiential effects and as a source of sensory experience, resulting in the development of a spatial atmosphere.This is also in line with research in the field of marketing that consumer decision-making has shifted from rational to emotional and based on experience [37], through unique in-store experiences that reach all five senses and aim to bring consumers into the atmosphere.Authentic ones evoke memories of places they have visited and hope that consumers will come back to retail and stay longer in retail.Building resilience as retail is undergoing a paradigm shift as a result of the economic slowdown and the rise of e-commerce and multi-channel retail, which offers product acquisition needs only.This research expands our understanding of how blocking stimuli related to one sensory modality may influence the effects of other sensory modalities, which will also influence the absence of expected experiences [45].As illustrated in the table below, blocking other sensors in a retail environment results in limited emotions and spatial quality.With the consumer empathy approach, this research explored how consumers' emotional needs reach all emotional dimensions when referring to the classic theory of pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD) emotions [43].

Theme as a concept of developing a spatial atmosphere to achieve retail resilience
Table 6.The influence of architectural experience on the output theme and spatial quality.Experience creates a theme that functions to evoke emotions and experiences, both in providing meaningful experiential effects and as a source of sensory experience, resulting in the concept of developing a varied and adaptive spatial atmosphere the concept of developing varied and adaptive spatial atmosphere.A theme with a multisensory role scheme in a spatial atmosphere, which influences purchasing decisions and empathic architecture, will give rise to more significant potential for purchasing decisions.Of course, this has an impact on retail resilience.So that customers will stay longer and make purchases.According to research by Lindeman, buyers who stay longer are more likely to make transactions and spend more than buyers who shop for a shorter time [15].Applying this concept will likely achieve retail resilience on a small scale in art retail fashion.

Conclusion
'Spatial resilience' can be used to increase retail resilience, which is obtained from the adaptation process of integration and collaboration of shopping areas through sensory experience.By understanding this concept, spatial responses through emotion and cognition to atmosphere stimuli are the form of interactions between receptors of information stimuli in shopping places [31] [32] [33].Empathy elicits experiences by analyzing differences in depth (complexity), goals, and customer needs until specific themes are formed from processed interview data and photo elicitation using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software.From the research results, five sensory experiences help define needs that are influenced by multisensory experiences, resulting in purchasing behavior and return visits.Based on a scheme that syntheses architectural behavioral themes, showing empathy for customers helps reveal customer-intensive experiences and approaches.This illustrates how empathy in architecture can be used as a phenomenological approach to customer experience.Empathy towards spatial, especially art fashion retail, emphasizes sensitivity, especially when dealing with targeted (unique) customers.The results of exploring the impact of empathic architecture emerge through the relationship between activity, behavior, and setting for a case study of art fashion retail that survives the development trend of the retail atmosphere.An architectural behavioral architecture theme can be achieved by creating the emphatic concept of developing a spatial atmosphere in art fashion retail.The scheme for developing the spatial atmosphere concept in fashion art retail to achieve retail resilience on a small scale is supported by multisensory activities, customer emotion and perceived experiencing architecture, customer activity and behavior, and customer motivation, personality, and preferences.The pattern of human interaction with the atmosphere produces schematic findings about the types of relationships that occur in each activity and behavior towards each element of the setting, which contains themes formed from the empathic process in the architectural experience.Therefore, it is essential to generate empathy, especially in stimulating experiences through multisensory activity as generating stimulation.Maximizing the value created from the empathy process for customers will generate good emotions and experiences to achieve retail resilience through a conceptual approach to developing the spatial atmosphere of art fashion retail on a small scale.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.The store atmosphere influences the intention to purchase Kotler & Keller, 2016.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Setting and the atmosphere of the art fashion retail study.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Scheme for developing spatial atmosphere concept in an art retail fashion.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Scheme for developing spatial quality concepts based on architectural experience

Table 1 .
Sensory categories use a query matrix based on the tendency of stimulating elements.

Table 2 .
Spatial atmosphere element and coverage ratio in art fashion retail.

Table 3 .
Activity and behavior in art fashion retail.

Table 4 .
Relationship between emphatic and architectural spatial atmosphere.

Table 5 .
Themes in art fashion retail to achieve retail resilience.