Human-Centered Design: an Implementation of Methods In Designing Kendari Fish Market As An Urban Design Object

In line with the regional development references contained in the medium-term regional development plan (RPJMD), Kendari City 2010-2030 has a focused goal to be achieved. Development of the Kota Lama area into an infrastructure area through its regional and cultural potential. Given the fact that there have been no significant changes regarding the development of the Kota Lama area compared to other areas in Kendari City which are more advanced, it is necessary to make efforts to harmonize this by looking at the context of the strategic location of the area and the conditions of the surrounding community. The majority of people whose profession is fishermen have made the Kendari City fish market a vital object that needs further attention for regional development efforts in accordance with the 2010-2030 Kendari City RPJMD. By focusing on humans in terms of activity and behavior patterns, the Human-Centered Design method is the ideal method to be implemented in the design of the Kendari City fish market. This design proposal discusses about implementation of Human-Centered Design method by applying 5 stages of the method with each stage having different techniques but still referring to humans as the main focus. By generating design alternatives at the Human-Centered Design method stage, the determining aspect for the elaboration of the best alternative that will be implemented is the aspect of circulation and community gathering points, in terms of human patterns and behavior at the Kendari City Fish Market site. The application of this method is used so that the design of an urban design object can return to the fundamental realm, namely focusing on humans. This is important to apply, especially to the urban design objects, because cities must be able to fulfill basic human needs so that the expected development can be realized.


Introduction
Enhancing environmental quality has become an immediate priority across various sectors, contributing to aspects like augmenting land value and addressing urban challenges within society or the population at large (Hastings, 2001).The prevalent adoption of tools for improving environmental quality in urban areas is evident, marked by a shift from a model focused on "removing" unsuitable structures to a rejuvenation system.Simultaneously, this approach has evolved into a sustainable concept, underscoring the importance of balancing nature and society, seamlessly integrating into the framework of urban planning (Roberts, 2000).This broadening perspective indicates a growing necessity in line with aspirational goals.In response to the imperative of enhancing environmental quality and meeting regional aspirations, the concept of urban rejuvenation has been introduced, extending its influence across various sectors, particularly in urban design.Urban rejuvenation is conceptualized as a comprehensive program aimed at elevating land value and addressing societal or population-related urban challenges.With the framework of environmental quality improvement, various measures can be undertaken, and one such approach involves employing suitable methods.
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1351/1/012009 2 This document functions as a design proposal, emphasizing the crucial need to avoid suboptimal designs resulting from the neglect of primary users or intended users (Norman, 2005).The core of our design approach revolves around fishermen, sellers, buyers, and local communities, necessitating the utilization of suitable methods.Human-Centered Design (HCD) emerges as a pivotal methodology, involving users and stakeholders in the design process to transform urban objects into social or human containers.
According to MadPow (2020), HCD, as a methodology, plays a crucial role in generating solutions by addressing specific needs, existing conditions, behavioral patterns, and human emotional conditions relevant to the design context.The fundamental principle of HCD lies in centering the people for whom the design is intended in the heart of the problem-solving process.This approach aligns government services with community needs and desires, fostering acceptance, uptake, and impactful outcomes (Mayer, 2000).In consideration of these principles, this design proposal delves into the redesign of the fish market in the old town of Kendari City, a pivotal element of the community and a hub for local activities.The selection of the fish market as the primary focus is grounded in existing data, indicating its status as the largest fish market in Southeast Sulawesi with significant untapped potential.With a substantial portion of the local community being comprised of fishermen, there is a unique opportunity to enhance the quality of the area in line with the outlined ideals in the Kendari City area (RPJMD 2010-2030).This design proposal aims to elucidate the application of the HCD method to address user needs and generate innovative solutions.The ultimate objective is not only to present a redesigned fish market but also to contribute to the formulation of new policies and offer valuable insights to the local government, fostering positive changes in the Kendari City community.

Methodology
In response to the expansion of environmental psychology throughout the 1970s, the term "universal design" or "Human-centered design" was first used in the early 1980s by the late Ronald Mace (Universal Design, 2008)."Human-centered design" (HCD) is also known as "user-centered design (UCD)" and "human-centered design."As a design method, HCD is often misunderstood and misrepresented.Therefore, HCD can be viewed as the process of making everything for human use, independent of age or ability, such as communities, structures, goods, and services (Harper et al., 2020).All elements of the physical environment are designed with the physical and psychological needs of human users in mind, to enable users to realize their abilities and desires.
Numerous issues arise as this industry expands, forcing designers to create specific procedures to come up with workable solutions.Designers gain from having a thorough understanding of the community and user expectations in order to develop and test concepts prior to implementing them in the real world (IDEO, 2015).The three phases of the HCD process (inspiration, ideation, and execution) allow for a variety of tangible and ethereal modes of thought.Understanding people, paying attention to their lives, and listening to their aspirations is what inspires designers.Ideation calls for designers to listen to everything people say, come up with several ideas, and then study the potential solutions.Implementation implies that designers must put ideas into practice in a way that maximizes their positive effects on society.

Developing and Implementing Guidelines Features of Human-Centered Design
The important task of realizing a user's vision and formulation as a method of recognizing a place's potential is made easier for architects and designers by HCD principles.HCD recommendations are not merely a tool for architects or a shortened form of design standards (Gee, 2006).According to the concepts underlying the requirements, there are only a limited number of ways that learning may occur, and each manner is supported by a limited number of spatial configurations.To come up with the best guidelines for HCD techniques in architecture, several elements will be discussed.
Human-Centered Design in its implementation is described through systematic thinking in a divergent and convergent manner.This is illustrated in the form of a Diamond Model which contains a design process with 5 stages (MadPow, 2020).The HCD design stage has principles in design and implementation, including: a. Focuses on people.b. Cognition and empathy for emotions.c.Generate possibilities.d.Real results.e. Iterative and continuous.

Using Architecture's Integration of Human-Centered Design Levels
The stages of human-centered design are divided into groups based on how they are used.Most levels' primary forms are influenced by society's demands, including anthropometric, biomechanical, cognitive, emotional, psychophysical, and sociological data and models.Different stages of HCD include verbal and non-verbal tools to assist people in expressing meaning, desires, and requirements while coping with them.(Greenhouse, 2010).

Involves Applying The Principles of Human-Centered Design.
In order to address human requirements, values, beliefs, motives, and constraints by how people think, conduct, and feel, designers must be able to take into consideration of their culture and societal norms.Therefore, for a designer to make an impression on people, creating expressive structures, goods, systems, and services is crucial.Therefore, architects must take into account the comfort of their clients, releasing their bodies and minds to learn by understanding the fundamentals of brain-mind learning (Gee, 2006).

Methods's Implementation of Human-Centered Design
The using and implementation HCD method refers to the diamond model mentioned above.The diamond model consists of method stages as well as divergent and convergent thinking at each stage.Individuals and teams strive to gather as much data as they can regarding the provided prompt during the divergent phase.The goal of this phase is to gather as many insights or opportunities as possible while minimizing any filtering or selectivity (if any).In the convergent phase, people and teams examine the data obtained in the divergent phase and organize, prioritize, and eliminate data/options by their goals to reach decisions for their prompt (MadPow, 2020).According to MadPow (2020), There are 5 stages in Human-Centered Design that accommodate convergent and divergent thinking: 1. Discover The Discover phase aims to learn as much as possible about the first discovery, which is usually an issue that has to be solved or a chance that seems promising.Finding out as much as you can about the people connected to the issue or opportunity is the main goal of this discovery.

Synthesize
Teams build empathy, or a knowledge of how and why people think, feel, and behave for those they are designing for, through this sense-making of the data obtained during discovery.Teams compare, contrast, and group their data into models and groupings based on what they have come to believe about the subject they are researching, the stakeholders who will be impacted by any solutions, the opportunities to address problems and add value, etc.

Generate 6
Teams now move on to developing a pool of potential solutions for the challenges and opportunities they're aiming to solve using the empathy, understanding, and vision uncovered in the synthesis phase.

Refine
Teams can now review their ideas and start to make judgements as they further explore, develop, and improve their chosen solutions after taking a step back from the ideas developed in the previous phase.The team can evaluate ideas in light of the comprehension and vision created through research and synthesis, decide which ones they believe present the greatest value or will be the most successful in reaching their goals, and then work to further define those ideas through prototyping.

Evaluate & Iterate
Once a solution has been developed, it is made available for usage by the public.This could be a beta or first version of a more finished product.Regardless, this phase exemplifies what may be the most crucial design process tenet: that the process never ends.Any kind of solution offers the chance to learn more about the people who use it, their experiences, and the possibilities and difficulties it addresses.

Result and Discussion
Results and discussions can be reviewed through the Human-Centered Design stages by implementing the method for each stage to see results that focus on humans or users in it.

Discover
Using Ethnographic Studies & Contextual Observations with a divergent mindset to see the context of the Kota Lama area, Kendari City.

Figure 3. 1 Discover Stage of HCD
The fishery sector in Indonesia is experiencing consistent growth, with its contribution to the national GDP rising from 7.3% in 2014 to 8.3% in 2015.This increase in fish production is attributed to the Indonesian government's measures against illegal fishing and the dedicated efforts of local fishermen (EIBN, 2017).Regular consumption of fish is recognized as a healthy practice, associated with benefits such as a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (Verbeke, 2005).To encourage fish consumption, the Indonesian government has launched the "Gemar makan ikan (love to eat fish)" campaign, aiming to meet the nutritional needs of the Indonesian population and raise awareness about the health benefits of fishery products (EIBN, 2017).Despite Indonesia's above-average fish consumption of 41.11 kg/capita/year (Ariansyach, 2018) compared to the global average of 18.8 kg/capita/year in 2013 (EIBN, 2017), there is a notable lack of studies on fish consumption behavior in the country.
Based on sources from the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Central Statistics Agency in 2017, Southeast Sulawesi capture fisheries production in 2014 and 2015 shows that the main suppliers of capture fisheries production in Southeast Sulawesi are the cities of Kendari, Bombana, Buton Regency, North Kolaka, and Wakatobi.Data on the main supplier of fisheries production in Southeast Sulawesi, the largest in 2014 and 2015 was the city of Kendari with several 41,298 in 2014 and 28,965 in 2015.This source also shows that the largest producer of fish supplies in the city of Kendari is located in the largest fish auction area namely in the Old City area.

Figure 3. 2 Location of the Old Town area in Kendari City
The traits of individuals residing in areas adjacent to beaches and fish markets can exhibit diversity influenced by cultural, economic, and geographical elements.Here are some common features often associated with these communities: • Occupations: Many residents typically engage in occupations linked to the fishing industry, such as fishermen, fishmongers, or those participating in seafood processing and trade.• Cultural Affinity: Coastal communities frequently demonstrate a strong cultural attachment to the sea, with fishing practices, seafood cuisine, and maritime traditions being integral to their daily lives.

• Economic Reliance:
The local economy is often intimately connected to marine activities, and inhabitants may rely heavily on fishing and related ventures for their sustenance.

• Community Cohesion:
Living in close proximity to the beach and fish markets often fosters a sense of community, where shared experiences, traditions, and mutual dependence on the sea are prevalent.

• Diverse Livelihoods:
Although fishing is a primary occupation, there might be diversification in livelihoods, with some residents engaged in tourism, hospitality, or other coastal-related businesses.• Adaptability to Environmental Changes: Coastal communities are frequently more directly impacted by environmental shifts, such as weather patterns or alterations in fish populations.Consequently, residents may exhibit resilience and adaptability.

• Involvement in Tourism:
In cases where the area is a tourist destination, residents may participate in tourism-related activities, providing services, crafts, or experiences for visitors.• Proximity to Nature: Residing near the beach and fish markets can instill a profound connection to nature, fostering a deep appreciation for the ocean and its resources.

• Preservation of Traditional Practices:
Certain coastal communities may uphold traditional fishing practices handed down through generations, contributing to the preservation of cultural heritage.
• Challenges and Vulnerabilities: Coastal communities may encounter difficulties such as susceptibility to natural disasters, shifts in fishing regulations, or economic fluctuations tied to the fishing industry.In this way, that assumes that the majority of residents in the old city area work by exploiting the potential of the area and their existing identity, namely as fishermen.With the profession of the majority of the people in the old city area being fishermen and also the existence of existing objects in the form of auctions or fish markets, this has the potential for architectural design to focus on this area as an object in city design.According to Kendari City's medium-term regional development plan (RPJMD) for 2010-2030, it is stated that the ideal conditions for the Kendari City Old Town area in 2030 refer to Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2012 concerning Kendari City RTRW, it is said that the Kendari City Old Town area is designated as a trade and services area as well as tourism by increasing the value and quality of the community and the environment.The Kendari City Old Town area also has an identity in the eyes of the city community as an area located in a strategic position close to Kendari Bay and the port area.This makes it the center of the largest fish sales area in Kendari City.By considering the regulations and identity of Kendari City, the architectural design has the potential to be placed at a location located in the Old Town area of Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi.This area is specifically located in an auction/fish market area close to Kendari Bay.With the explanation above, it can be seen contextually the condition of the site in terms of its use and typology.This is useful for being able to review and implement designs involving human behavior and activity patterns.This can be seen in the following diagram.

Principles
The function presented is a city object with an emphasis on communal activity space apart from being a buying and selling area as is the function of the existing object.This is in line with the aim of the design to present the Kendari City fish market as an object whose main concern is humans or users through the implementation of the Human-Centered Design stages.Activities accommodated by the principles include: • Buying and selling: accommodates the main needs of a fish market, namely buying and selling, but with a wider range of products.• Fishing (fisherman): accommodates the needs of the local community with the main profession being a fisherman who requires an area for fishing.Can also be used by other visitors.• Sailing: accommodates the need for the Kendari Bay area as a tourism area.With this aim, the area can be utilized in addition to other main activities.• Gathering: accommodate the activities of people who like to gather by utilizing new vital objects.
Improving the quality of space by living it through community communal activities.Designing the Kendari City fish market as an area object by considering the connectivity between area users by Human-Centered Design.This requires paying attention to the coordination flow as a form of application of HCD principles and an area's working principles based on regional government regulations with related stakeholders.The coordination flow is as in the following diagram:

Goals
Kendari city fish market design goals involve the process of implementing Human-Centered design with humans as the center.Apart from that, it is also to see the final concept based on building typology and also the concept of activity patterns and behavior of the surrounding community.The relationship between user activities is also a consideration when determining the space on the site.

Planning
By providing existing possibilities, create blueprints for future design solutions that will be tried and executed.With the circulation as the primary context, this alternative will afterward be determined to be the best one by taking into account people's behaviors and actions.The zoning form, along with vertical and horizontal space diagrams, shows the final plan.A series of users and visitors will be generated by the organizational diagram, which can then be studied and evaluated once again by the formal concept.

Refine
Using usability & desirability studies with a convergent mindset to to make decisions and further explore, develop and refine selected solutions.

Figure 3. 20 Refine Stage of HCD
The local community's prevailing activity patterns as they adjust to the environment allow us to see how the location is used.This prevalent activity is portrayed by how users move around it, making it a hub for connections between users who are engaged in other activities.By taking into account the circulation patterns that take place, these circulation patterns are connected to the location context.The network circulation type includes the circulation pattern that exists at the place.Network: A form of circulation that connects numerous distinct location locations in space by way of a path or road.This is shown through the following diagram:

Decision
Alternative solutions can be chosen by looking at possibilities that can support a variety of community flows and activities by taking circulation into account while using HCD.Later, this alternate option will be developed further in the form of an urban design object and a more scalable formal design.The alternative solution is as follows:  The iteration process was carried out to see the process of stages being formally formed with HCD as the basis for making design decisions because the Kendari City fish market is a city object which is the center of community activity and behavior depicted at that location.The iteration process is described through mass transformation as follows:

Conclusion
In the domain of urban design, many designs, particularly in urban planning, often neglect a fundamental aspect-the users or the human factor.This neglect is frequently attributed to the adoption of design methods that fail to prioritize users as the central focus of the design object.To tackle these issues within the context of urban area development, a method is required that not only caters to regional development needs but also aligns with human requirements based on their activities and behaviors.
The Human-Centered Design (HCD) method emerges as a valuable technique for creating urban design elements that effectively serve as containers for people or society.HCD is characterized by its user-and stakeholder-driven design process methodology.Placing the user at the forefront, this method proves highly beneficial in crafting systems that are user-friendly and facilitate seamless humancomputer interaction.
Employing the Human-Centered Design method in the design of the Kendari City fish market yields comprehensive solutions at each stage.By utilizing HCD, alternative solution options are generated, evolving into ideal solutions that cater to both societal and regional development needs.Addressing aspects such as circulation and community gathering points, an ideal design solution formulated through the Human-Centered Design method can serve as a conceptual framework for the development of the Kendari City Old Town area within the realm of urban design.

Figure 1 . 1
Figure 1. 1 Current Condition of the Kendari City Fish Market in the Pier Area

Figure 1 . 2
Figure 1. 2 Current Condition of the Kendari City Fish Market in the Sales Area

Figure 3 . 3
Figure 3. 3 The Location Of the Site Area and its Connection with Surrounding Locations as Vital Objects in the Area

Figure 3 . 4 9 Figure 3 . 5
Figure 3. 4 Discover Context about the Site in Old Town Area Kendari City3.2SynthesizeUsing principles and goals with a convergent mindset to combine previous context information.

Figure 3 . 6 10 Figure 3 . 7
Figure 3. 6 Application of HCD Principles with Coordination of Regional Government Regulations This principle is strengthened by the form of a spatial planning concept which will be implemented by the activity and behavior patterns of the local community.

Figure 3 . 13
Figure 3. 13 Diagram of Relationship Between User on Site

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. 21 Network Circulation Pattern on Site Fish Market

Figure 3 . 14 3. 5
Figure 3. 23 The Alternative Solution Chosen as the Ideal Concept Solution is Alternative 3 in the Horizontal and Vertical Space Diagram

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. 25 Itteration Process for Transformation of Mass into Building Form

Table 2 . 1
Literature Review About Integrating HCD's Method in Strategy of Architecture

Table 2 . 2
Literature Review about Implementation Principles of HCD