Study of space configuration in the Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak using the space syntax analysis approach

The Directorate Building is an essential component of every university. Apart from operating as a management area, it helps users, particularly employees and students, in their spatial functions. A neglected space plan might lead to insufficient spatial connection. The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial arrangement of the Directorate Building at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak and the extent to which it affects the movement of users inside it. The research used qualitative, with the qualitative method describing the present building’s performance and assessing its intelligibility using depthmap software. The results show that the ideal spatial design is on the third level of the building, with an intelligibility score of 0.693598. It is found that the corridors tend to make the surrounding spaces more private. In terms of territorial zoning, the zoning on the third floor is well suited, resulting in higher configuration value compared to other floors.


Introduction
Polytechnic, a vocational educational institution, is managed by a director, and the entity in charge of its administration is known as the Directorate.The Directorate, as stated by KBBI [1] is a part of a department whose purpose it is to control a specific field and is directed by a director.The Academic Building is another name for the Directorate Building.An evaluation method of the physical facilities and infrastructure is required in the process of revitalizing and developing the facilities in the Directorate Building at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak to ensure the steps utilized to develop its physical facilities can better meet their targets in the future, especially in terms of the layout of space.The spaces within the Directorate of Polnep building are not integrated with each other.The spatial connectivity on each floor also concentrates activities in specific rooms, resulting in suboptimal space utilization and a significant amount of space dedicated to circulation.This suggests that many rooms may not function optimally and could become underutilized in the future.
Dursun [2] stated in his research that space syntax is only one way of thinking about space by focusing on the organization of spaces, movement patterns and their social meanings.If we think that the architect is the person who has a comprehensive conception about human being and inhabited space.In other hand Nourian et.al think spatial performance in space syntax gives qualitative feedback on the implications of this diagram to the designer as spatial performance measures.According to the design context, designers are free to interpret these spatial performance measures into the 'likely' social performance of their ideas [3] In another study [4] "Evaluation of Spatial Configuration in Residential Houses: Case Study of Architectural Design Studio 2 Academic Year 2020/2021," it is stated that spatial IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1351/1/012008 2 configuration correlates spatial configuration components (room placement, room attainability, room size, and inter-room relationships) with factors influencing design interventions (supervising professors, site type, and resident type), as well as the grades that students achieve in the studio.The data show that the function of supervising professors has a considerable impact on spatial configuration and is directly proportionate to the grades they award.Site type and resident type, on the other hand, only influence specific aspects of spatial arrangement.
[5] According to Permana et al.'s research, connectedness and permeability in space design necessitate a pleasant circulation area with relatively short distances between nodes as observation spaces and routes as circulation areas.This notion is also reinforced by Andi et al.'s study [6].The research focuses on the spatial configuration of Matahari Mall and Ayani Megamall, with the goal of resolving particular design difficulties within mall spatial configuration.The reported design issues include the location of anchors, retail establishments, and escalators (vertical circulation channels).On the other hand, there is a study analysis that done by Rosid about the spatial layout on Pasar Beringharjo's third level to discover the variables producing disparities in the number of visitors in each location on Pasar Beringharjo's third floor.The count gate survey approach was paired with space syntax analysis utilizing depthmapX software in the study.According to the study's findings, variations in the distribution of visitors on Pasar Beringharjo's third floor are influenced not only by the building's spatial configuration, but also by the building's location, supporting facilities such as escalators and stairs, the availability of rooftop parking and ramps, and the types of merchandise being sold [7].Meanwhile, Yudhanta's study investigates how spatial usage patterns and people's attraction patterns while visiting different locations within a region are influenced by configuration and visibility.The spatial arrangements between internal and outside areas make it simpler for users to inhabit and get familiar with the place, making it more accessible.According to the results of the visibility and configuration study, there are numerous areas with weak integration, resulting in a lack of strong integration between blocks and limited visibility of each building in the area.This research makes recommendations for removing visibility barriers and building visibility catchment zones to make venues more easily identifiable [8].In another research, Nurhalimah argues that Space Syntax functions as a tool for analyzing layout and floor plan drawings in order to comprehend the movement patterns within spatial configurations and to identify the underlying patterns of visitor movement and their influence on spatial configuration.The importance of intelligibility (clarity of space) in Pasar Klewer's spatial design is used to show the analysis.A higher syntax score suggests that the space is more understandable, which encourages activity inside it [9].
The activities involved in facility evaluation method are systematic assessments, with two primary objectives as outlined by [10]: • To detect, observe, and accurately report on the existing conditions and changes that have occurred in comparison to the original conditions or those represented by the program's objectives.• To modify factors in the program and/or design criteria, recommend corrective actions, and provide input into the processes of programming, designing, constructing, and managing buildings, whether for the same (ongoing) case or similar cases in the future.Circulation [11] refers to the channels and modes of movement that link rooms, including the accommodation of human movements and activities inside a space.Circulation goals include the quality of movement linkages between units as well as external access.This criterion includes the following elements: • User accessibility (clear circulation pathways, attainability, signs).
• Internal circulation access, which entails connecting functions within the structure.
• External circulation access refers to access from the outside to the inside of the structure.
• Parking capacity and location, as well as circulation support amenities.
The main difference between this research and earlier ones is in the focus and technique, specifically the use of behavior mapping.The behavior of building users is taken into consideration in this study, which might affect the efficacy and performance of a space as well as its circulation.The aim of this study is to analyze the movement of visitors in the Politeknik Negeri Pontianak Directorate Building, 3 taking into consideration behavioral activities and spatial layouts.The purpose of this analysis is to establish the amount of the gap between the current performance of the Polnep Directorate building and the analysis of space syntax spatial configuration.In this research will provide a deeper understanding of how spatial configuration influences user experiences and perceptions.
The limitation of this study is the behavioral mapping approach, notably person-centered mapping.The observations are centered on the activities of visitors in the Directorate Building, namely their interactions with the surroundings and movement through levels.

Methods
This study approaches an investigative likely qualitative research approach.According to Creswell [12] qualitative research includes tools for examining and comprehending the meanings a group of individuals or a community ascribe to social or humanitarian issues, which are frequently augmented with interview methods.On the other hand, this research combines space syntax simulation with the support of depth map software to get a mathematical and measurable analysis.This approach acts as a baseline for examining later stages and allows researchers to make positive claims for expanding scientific understanding.
Within this qualitative research, the outcomes are described and visually observed, culminating in conclusions and recommendations based on the findings.The following is a method for analyzing data qualitatively: • Data Collection; • Creation of Information Matrix; • Space Syntax Analysis: to conduct a space syntax analysis to depict spatial relationship patterns; • Qualitative Assessment of Connectivity, Integrity, and Intelligibility; • Visual Observations and Analysis; • Interviews or Discussions; • Context and Meaning Analysis.
The survey data will be compiled into an information matrix.It will subsequently be compared to the space syntax data analysis to generate connectivity, integrity, and intelligibility criteria.Building performance variables will be scored based on these criteria.The person-centred mapping method is used in the research stages, which are quantitatively conducted using space syntax modelling and graphically displayed and assessed using Depthmap software.Depthmap simulation is used to analyse the layout based on spatial relationship patterns.The findings will be shown in VGA (Visual Graphic Analysis) format, with colour gradations representing parameter values for an area analysis [13].Field interviews, questionnaires, and observations are utilized to collect data.Field observations are carried out to gather physical data on the research item, such as building layouts and user activity patterns.Meanwhile, nonphysical data such as user satisfaction and expectations will be collected through interview and questionnaire techniques.Behaviour mapping is then built using person-centred mapping and physical tracing based on the description of the existing layout situations.The behavioural study takes place three days a week, on Monday (the beginning of the week), Wednesday (the middle of the week), and Friday (the end of the week).During the day, the observer generates three one-hour observations.The observation periods are as follows: from 9:00-10:00, 12:00-13:00, and 15:30-16.30.The observation data described in the table below.A total of 44 people were chosen for the interview and questionnaire procedures, including 11 employees and 23 students.Accidental Sampling was the sampling technique used.Anyone who has come across the surveyor and is deemed eligible as a data source can be hired as a sample/respondent for the study using this technique of sample selection based on randomness.The processing of data procedure is the same as previously mentioned, which requires tabulating/collecting questionnaires from surveyors, and then giving them over to the data processor, who subsequently codes the data.
Data interpretation is then carried out for each of the available multiple-choice answer options, such as "very poor" being assigned the numeric code 1, "slightly poor" being specified the numeric code 2, "fairly good" being given the numeric code 3, "good" being entrusted the numeric code 4, and "very good" being given the numeric code 5.This requires turning the previously coded numeric data back into words.Finally, conclusions are drawn from the data's connections.Respondents are required to answer open-ended essay questions in writing during the data-collecting process, along with selecting from a list of options.This allowed them to convey any information that they were hesitant to fully convey in the multiple-choice responses.

Results and discussion
Research on human movement, spatial utilization, and its impact on spatial layouts has experienced significant advancements in the past decade.This research has been conducted employing the Space Syntax method, both at the University College London and various universities worldwide [14].The optimal connectivity and integration of space syntax can be interpreted as an indicator that a space possesses efficient and easily accessible accessibility.The high level of accessibility in that area can be considered an ideal location for placing necessary facilities, as the area holds potential as an attractive and compelling destination [15].Hillier in Carmona et al [16] explains that the pattern and intensity of individual movement is strongly influenced by spatial configuration, in fact spatial structure can be considered as the single most influential determinant of movement in space.To measure interaction in spatial configuration, the spatial syntax uses several dimensions measured by the concept of topological distance called depth.
Space syntax analysis is a way to assess accessibility from a perspective of visibility, which is illustrated using a technique known as visual graph analysis (VGA).This method is used for analysing and contrasting the visual characteristics of space arrangement, and it may visually notify users about their position.This technique of study requires evaluating the connectivity, integrity, and intelligibility current spaces where connectivity and integrity interact to obtain the value of intelligibility (space layout).
The Directorate Building of Polnep consists of four floors.It is located on the front side facing Ahmad Yani Street.Each floor is connected by one staircase access located in the middle of the building.The first floor comprises 14 rooms used for directorate activities.On the rear side, some of the floors are used for car parking.The entrance has two lanes, namely the front lane and the main entrance from the front side.The second-floor functions as the structural officer zone of Polnep, including the Director, Vice Director, Finance Department, Human Resources Department, and the International Cooperation and Relations Unit (UKHI).All of these rooms surround the service area, which includes the staircase and restrooms.These rooms are also connected by a 2-meter-wide corridor.Below is the layout of the first and second floors of the Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak.Generally, a building's functionality can be defined as the extent to which it supports its activities.Space functionality is determined by factors such as the number and shape of spaces, the relationships between different spaces and the effectiveness of the circulation of people, goods and services, flexibility, compatibility, security and other key aspects of building layout [17].The connectivity and clustering coefficients of spaces are significant clues to the activities that occur within a building [18].Horizontal Circulation Space is an area that connects one room to another on the same level, typically in the form of a corridor.On the other hand, Vertical Circulation Space refers to an area that facilitates movement between different floors, usually through staircases and ramps.Both elements of vertical circulation serve a dual function, as they are utilized for regular access during normal conditions and also serve as evacuation routes in emergency situations [19].

Space configuration analysis based on person centered mapping using the space syntax method
Visual graph analysis (VGA) is an approach used to examine accessibility from a point of visibility, which is shown by space syntax analysis.This method is used to examine and contrast the visual qualities of the spatial arrangement, as well as to visually alert people to their location.This method of investigation entails assessing the connectedness, integrity, and intelligibility of existing spaces or layouts, with connectivity and integrity being combined to calculate the value of intelligibility (the structural arrangement of space).
Connectivity fundamentally measures the spatial configuration only within spaces directly connected to each other in a given layout [20].Connectivity is employed to assess the level of interaction each space has with spaces proximate to it.The primary function of connectivity values is to gauge the degree of intelligibility.Calculating its value involves summing all spaces directly connected to the observed space.Integration gauges the configuration from each origin space to other spaces within a system.In essence, it quantifies how close the observed space is to all other spaces and can be perceived as a measure of relative asymmetry (or relative depth) [21].Optimal connectivity and integration from this space syntax imply that an area is characterized by good and easily accessible connectivity.The high accessibility of the area can be regarded as suitable for locating social facilities, as it holds the potential for attractiveness and destination appeal.
Intelligibility represents the highest level of measurement in space syntax.Intelligibility values indicate the degree of correlation between measurements at the local scale (connectivity) and measurements at the global scale (integrity).Therefore, intelligibility serves as a measure of the structure of a spatial configuration.Unlike connectivity and integrity, the results of intelligibility measurements become properties of the spatial configuration system, while the results of connectivity and integrity measurements become properties of individual spaces.High intelligibility values suggest that local-scale connectivity reflects ease of access to other spaces [21].Conversely, low values indicate that the global spatial structure cannot be understood from the existence of spaces in isolation, leading observers to be prone to getting lost.
Based on the field observations shown in Table 1 and Table 2,    The first-floor plan illustrated has two independent and disconnected regions, resulting in varied movement patterns.The first floor is planned with half of the area divided as enclosed rooms and the other half as public/parking space, resulting in a relatively low level of connectedness.The simulation results in Area 1 show that the parking area at the back of the building is concentrated in the middle of the structure.This is because the center area can be seen from the back of the building, which is utilized as an outdoor space, yet the edges of Area 1 typically have coloring in blue, suggesting that it is not a gathering place for visitors.
The number 2 represents the building's principal entry or circulation corridor.According to the simulation results, the circulation space might not properly connect the parking lot to the inside areas.Area 3 is the first-floor center that acts as a meeting room.The subject has both good and bad implications.The fact that it is always busy with people, including students, guests, and staff, accessing the rooms within it is a benefit.The drawback is that this area is centered where a column in the center of the structure obstructs visitors' sight and reduces the available space.Furthermore, due to the restricted size of this location, it cannot handle a huge number of visitors, causing congestion and overcrowding.The color gradient in blue suggests that Area 4, which acts as the building's entry and major access point, is not a preferred path for guests, despite its function as the entrance from the parking area.
There is also a different degree of gradation in the rooms on the second floor.The Employee Room, 4th Vice Director Room, Archive Room, and Finance Archive Room have a strong relationship to the circulation and are represented by a greenish-yellow tint.The color of the Director's Room and the 1st Vice Director and 3rd Vice Director's rooms is greenish-blue, indicating a low to moderate level of connection to the circulation.The level of connection to the circulation in the Finance Department and UKHI rooms is similar, varying from thin green to light blue, indicating a low to average amount.The UKHI rooms, the finance staff room next to the 2nd Vice Director Room, the panel room, and the toilet have a low level of connectivity to the movement flow.The stair access, which serves as circulation to each floor, on the other hand, has a greenish-blue gradient, indicating that this area is often used by visitors and staff.The analysis of visitor flow on the second floor shows that the presence of corridors has a major impact on the amount of connection between spaces on this floor, both in terms of length and access points into each room.According to the simulation results, bigger hallways, such as the one alongside the stairs, are utilized more frequently by visitors and staff than the corridor in front of the Director's Room.A gradient of green to yellowish colors is visible in the circulation area, especially in the corridors/hallways, based on the results of the simulation of movement patterns on the third level.Number 1 indicates that the green-yellow gradient indicates that the corridor has a fairly strong movement pattern in front of the Internal Unit Supervisory Room.Number 2 shows a greenish-blue gradient, suggesting that the corridor area along the stairs is a low to fairly accessible walkway.The passageways in front of the conference room and the stairway are represented by numbers 3 and 4, with the color gradient suggesting moderate intensity, notably in tones of green and yellow.For the rooms located on the third floor, almost all of them exhibit a greenish-blue gradient, indicating that the rooms on the third floor tend to be more private, resulting in minimal movement patterns compared to the corridor areas.Rooms with relatively high movement patterns are identified by a red-yellow gradient in the Internal Supervisory Room.
The analysis of visitor circulation on the third floor indicates that, due to the layout of turning corridors, the movement patterns of visitors on this floor differ from those on the second floor.When compared to the semi-winding corridor design on the second floor, the winding corridors provide more seclusion in the functional rooms.The movement pattern simulation results on the fourth level show a gradient of blue to greenish colors moving via the entry access point indicated by number 2. Each room has a blue color grade, implying great seclusion between rooms.Numbers 1 and 3 imply yellow to orange colors in the outside terrace sections.It implies that terrace spaces have the ability to function as public spaces with strong connections and integration with the environment.The opportunity for movement patterns is mostly limited to the hall area, and room signs are not evident here, resulting in an unguided flow of movement within the space.
After examining the movement patterns of building users, the study moves on to the interconnectedness and spatial connections inside each level.The following step of the space syntax technique, Visual Graph Analysis (VGA), is used to analyze spatial connections and linkages.The VGA analysis findings may be used to calculate connection, integrity, and intelligibility levels for each floor.
The table below contains the simulation results for connection, integrity, and the correlation between them, namely intelligibility.

In the analysis of room connectivity on the first floor of the Directorate Building at
Polnep, the interconnectedness of first-floor rooms is linked to the central hall area, with a gradation of colors from blue to green visible between the hall and the corridor.In the rear part or the car parking area, red to orange colors are observed, indicating a high level of connectivity in that area.This contrasts with the spaces inside the building.
In the analysis of integrity on the first floor of the Directorate Building at Polnep, the highest integrity was found in the parking area at the back of the building.Meanwhile, the rear entrance exibits a lower but still higher level of integrity compared to the main front entrance.Intelligibility is a hypothesis regarding the ease with which an observer (space user) comprehends the spatial structure within a spatial configuration [22].Based on the study of the two tables above, it can be seen that the first level has a higher intelligibility value of 0.656604 than the second floor, which has a value of 0.626538.The first level's space syntax analysis values are greater than those of the second floor because the first floor is more easily accessible.The main hall is the focal point of the spatial distribution.On the second floor, however, connectedness is lesser due to the meandering circulation, which forces visitors to reverse course to reach other places.While this design improves privacy, it reduces spatial connectedness.

The correlation results between connectivity and integrity values yield an intelligibility
The third level has an intelligibility evaluation of 0.693598, which is more than the fourth floor's intelligibility score of 0.57.The third level has best spatial linkages and connectivity ratings of any floor.This is due to a distinct separation between private and personal places.On the first floor, spatial interconnection and linkages are more visible in the external back parking space near the rear entry than in the main hall within the floor.Although the first-floor hall allows for simple access between sections, its limited size forces visitors to exit the hall and go outside.The graphic below depicts this.The first floor has the greatest level of integrity among the levels, based on the integrity values of each floor.This is due to the fact that the first floor is placed at the bottom of the building and is instantly connected to the outdoor areas.Because it contains an outside terrace, the second floor comes second in terms of integrity.The second floor has the lowest integrity score since it contains just one corridor with a higher integrity value.High integrity values can have both beneficial and bad consequences.High integrity values have the good effect of bringing internal spaces closer to the external, making connectedness and accessibility simpler.However, this raises concerns about safety and security.The closer inside spaces are to the outdoors, the more likely they are to become public places.Maintaining privacy, personal space, and territorial faces can be tricky in public areas with high integrity values.This is associated with the theory of natural movement [23].The distribution of these integrity values can generate hypotheses regarding the likelihood of user emergence or activities in spaces with high integrity values.In the space syntax simulation, the main hall on the first floor, which serves as the building's circulation area, has a rather high amount of privacy.In contrast, the back entrance's integrity score rises by one level when compared to the main hall.This layout may be seen on the second and third levels as well.The corridor circulation, which serves as linking access, has a usually high integrity rating, with the exception of the fourth floor, which leads to higher integrity due to its immediate proximity to the exit door.

Perceptions related to building information
In this activity, questionnaire or response sheet media is utilized, containing sections with multiplechoice questions and sections with open-ended questions.In this measurement type, formal data is collected from respondents to answer questions in a written format.Questions can be directly to respondents or conveyed orally by the surveyor based on the written questions.The questions provided in the questionnaire include: -Related to the architecture and environment of the Directorate Building of Polnep -Related to building safety -Related to building health -Related to building comfort -Related to building convenience The results of the building assessment are explained in the table below.Building Convenience The main entrance to the building and the access to the staff room are easy to reach Very easy 9 39,1 Ease of entry for people with disabilities (blind etc.) and carry out activities in the building Quite easy 4 36,4 There are facilities for breastfeeding mothers, babies and toddlers So not enough 8 34,8 The supporting spaces in the building support visitors in carrying out activities Enough 10 43,5 Ease of reaching upstairs or downstairs Pretty easy 10 43,5 According to the table above, 16 respondents (69.6%) consider the size of the hallways and rooms to be adequate and pleasant for mobility, while the remaining 1 respondent (4.3%) believes it is less suited.Seventeen respondents (73.9%) said the building's areas are very adequate to support activities, one respondent (4.3%) said it's slightly sufficient, and five respondents (21.7%) felt that is enough.Six respondents (26.1%) claimed that the building's appearance and shape were not excellent, while eight respondents (34.8%) felt they were quite good, and the rest thought they were good.
Ten of the participants (43.5%) said the facilities and infrastructure of the Polnep Directorate Building are fairly good, while one respondent (4.3%) said they are severely lacking.A total of 9 respondents (39.1%) said they knew the building's fire safety measures were good and were aware of the location and quantity of fire extinguishing equipment, while 2 said they didn't know.Ten respondents (43.5%) thought the damage inside the structure was moderate, while seven said it was pretty moderate.Sixteen respondents (69.6%) said the ventilation and lights within the building are comfortable.Six respondents said that there is little natural ventilation within the structure.Twelve respondents (52.2%) said the building is not noisy, another seven said it is noisier.Eight respondents (34.8%) stated that the toilet facilities are reasonably clean and enough, while two respondents stated the facilities are very inadequate.The entrances, corridor conditions, bathroom, prayer room, parking, and stairs are easily accessible, according to the eight responders (34.8%).Visitors with disabilities according to some responses, would have a difficult time doing activities within the facility.Ten respondents (43.5%) stated that access to upper and lower floors is reasonably straightforward, but emergency access is inadequate.

Conclusions
Research on spatial configuration has a close relationship with architecture and urban resilience.This relationship pertains to how the physical structure and spatial organization within the built environment can influence urban resilience.The following are several ways in which spatial configuration research is related to architecture and urban resilience: 1) Understanding Towards More Resilient Urban Design; 2) Identification of Open Spaces and Evacuation Routes; 3) Energy Efficiency and Sustainability; 4) Response to Climate Change.
In this manner, research on spatial configuration is a critical tool in designing cities and urban areas that are more resilient to external changes, more energy-efficient, and more sustainable.This contributes to efforts to create built environments that are safer, comfortable, and sustainable in facing future challenges, including urban resilience.
From the analysis above, it can be concluded that on the second floor, the corridor area exhibits high levels of movement.The linearly designed corridors, interconnected with surrounding spaces, result in increased connectivity and integration.High movement is also observed within the director's office, director 4, personnel, archives, the finance archive room.The interconnection value between rooms on this floor is rated as FAIR.Similarly, the spatial layout value is also rated as FAIR.On the third floor, it is found that the corridors tend to make the surrounding spaces more private.This is due to the winding corridor pattern around the service area, which disperses connectivity effectively.High movement is observed in the internal unit supervisory room and the household area.The interconnection value between rooms on this floor is rated from FAIR to LOW.The spatial layout value is rated as FAIR.In terms of territorial zoning, the zoning on the third floor is well-suited, resulting in a higher configuration value compared to other floors.
The zoning on the fourth floor is usually advantageous, although the hall or center area is considered excessively large, resulting in uneven and less directed circulation inside the hall.The results of questionnaires and field interviews show that respondents are satisfied with FAIR factors, particularly those concerning building architecture and environment, building safety, building health, and building comfort.
The recommendations provided in relation to the conclusion are as follows:1) Provide clear signage, preferably near exits or in easily accessible areas for employees; 2) Utilize the outdoor parking space on the first floor to create new functional areas to meet the building's needs; 3) Implement zoning on the second floor based on job hierarchy to facilitate easier communication between supervisors and subordinates; 4) Rooms like UKHI (Internal Unit Supervisory Room) and the finance department can be adjusted according to the existing room programming; 5) On the fourth floor, pay close attention to the safety and security aspects of the building, especially since there is an exit access from the fourth floor to the outdoor terrace; 6) Consider repurposing empty areas on the fourth floor for other functions such as a collection room or offices.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Parameter number of evaluation.Field interviews, questionnaires, and observations are utilized to collect data.Field observations are carried out to gather physical data on the research item, such as building layouts and user activity patterns.Meanwhile, nonphysical data such as user satisfaction and expectations will be collected through interview and questionnaire techniques.Behaviour mapping is then built using person-centred mapping and physical tracing based on the description of the existing layout situations.The behavioural study takes place three days a week, on Monday (the beginning of the week), Wednesday (the middle of the week), and Friday (the end of the week).During the day, the observer generates three one-hour observations.The observation periods are as follows: from 9:00-10:00, 12:00-13:00, and 15:30-16.30.The observation data described in the table below.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. 1 st Floor Plan of Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. 2 nd Floor Plan of Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak.The third floor consists of 10 rooms primarily used for meetings, archive storage, and internal supervisory spaces.The fourth floor consists of 4 rooms, all of which are designated for the Director of PDD and PSDKU.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6. 4 th Floor Plan of Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak.Generally, a building's functionality can be defined as the extent to which it supports its activities.Space functionality is determined by factors such as the number and shape of spaces, the relationships between different spaces and the effectiveness of the circulation of people, goods and services, flexibility, compatibility, security and other key aspects of building layout[17].The connectivity and clustering coefficients of spaces are significant clues to the activities that occur within a building[18].Horizontal Circulation Space is an area that connects one room to another on the same level, typically in the form of a corridor.On the other hand, Vertical Circulation Space refers to an area that facilitates movement between different floors, usually through staircases and ramps.Both elements of vertical circulation serve a dual function, as they are utilized for regular access during normal conditions and also serve as evacuation routes in emergency situations[19].
the person-centred mapping of the Directorate Building of Polnep varies across floors 1 to 4. The movement patterns of users within the Directorate Building of Polnep are illustrated in the following diagram.

Figure 8 .
Figure 8. Visitor movements in 2 nd floor.The first-floor plan illustrated has two independent and disconnected regions, resulting in varied movement patterns.The first floor is planned with half of the area divided as enclosed rooms and the other half as public/parking space, resulting in a relatively low level of connectedness.The simulation results in Area 1 show that the parking area at the back of the building is concentrated in the middle of the structure.This is because the center area can be seen from the back of the building, which is utilized as an outdoor space, yet the edges of Area 1 typically have coloring in blue, suggesting that it is not a gathering place for visitors.The number 2 represents the building's principal entry or circulation corridor.According to the simulation results, the circulation space might not properly connect the parking lot to the inside areas.Area 3 is the first-floor center that acts as a meeting room.The subject has both good and bad implications.The fact that it is always busy with people, including students, guests, and staff, accessing the rooms within it is a benefit.The drawback is that this area is centered where a column in the center of the structure obstructs visitors' sight and reduces the available space.Furthermore, due to the restricted size of this location, it cannot handle a huge number of visitors, causing congestion and

Figure 10 .
Figure 10.Visitor movements in 4th floor.A gradient of green to yellowish colors is visible in the circulation area, especially in the corridors/hallways, based on the results of the simulation of movement patterns on the third level.Number 1 indicates that the green-yellow gradient indicates that the corridor has a fairly strong movement pattern in front of the Internal Unit Supervisory Room.Number 2 shows a greenish-blue gradient, suggesting that the corridor area along the stairs is a low to fairly accessible walkway.The passageways in front of the conference room and the stairway are represented by numbers 3 and 4, with the color gradient suggesting moderate intensity, notably in tones of green and yellow.For the rooms located on the third floor, almost all of them exhibit a greenish-blue gradient, indicating that the rooms on the third floor tend to be more private, resulting in minimal movement patterns compared to the corridor areas.Rooms with relatively high movement patterns are identified by a red-yellow gradient in the Internal Supervisory Room.The analysis of visitor circulation on the third floor indicates that, due to the layout of turning corridors, the movement patterns of visitors on this floor differ from those on the second floor.When compared to the semi-winding corridor design on the second floor, the winding corridors provide more seclusion in the functional rooms.The movement pattern simulation results on the fourth level show a gradient of blue to greenish colors moving via the entry access point indicated by number 2. Each room has a blue color grade, implying great seclusion between rooms.Numbers 1 and 3 imply yellow to orange colors in the outside terrace sections.It implies that terrace spaces have the ability to function as public spaces with strong connections and integration with the environment.The opportunity for movement patterns is mostly limited to the hall area, and room signs are not evident here, resulting in an unguided flow of movement within the space.After examining the movement patterns of building users, the study moves on to the interconnectedness and spatial connections inside each level.The following step of the space syntax on the fourth floor reveals that the hall area serves as the primary circulation access on this floor, apart from the staircase.This area separates working spaces at a considerable distance, resulting in a less organized room layout.The exit doors are primarily used to access the terrace, while gathering areas are more concentrated in the central part of the building.In the analysis of room connectivity on the fourth floor of the Directorate Building at Polnep, it consists of only 2 spatial zones.

Figure 11 .
Figure 11.Comparison of Connectivity between floors.The first floor has the greatest level of integrity among the levels, based on the integrity values of each floor.This is due to the fact that the first floor is placed at the bottom of the building and is instantly connected to the outdoor areas.Because it contains an outside terrace, the second floor comes second in terms of integrity.The second floor has the lowest integrity score since it contains just one corridor with a higher integrity value.High integrity values can have both beneficial and bad consequences.High integrity values have the good effect of bringing internal spaces closer to the external, making connectedness and accessibility simpler.However, this raises concerns about safety and security.The closer inside spaces are to the outdoors, the more likely they are to become public places.Maintaining privacy, personal space, and territorial faces can be tricky in public areas with high integrity values.This is associated with the theory of natural movement[23].The distribution of these integrity values can generate hypotheses regarding the likelihood of user emergence or activities in spaces with high integrity values.

Figure 12 .
Figure 12.Comparison of Integrity between floors.In the space syntax simulation, the main hall on the first floor, which serves as the building's circulation area, has a rather high amount of privacy.In contrast, the back entrance's integrity score rises by one level when compared to the main hall.This layout may be seen on the second and third levels as well.The corridor circulation, which serves as linking access, has a usually high integrity rating, with the exception of the fourth floor, which leads to higher integrity due to its immediate proximity to the exit door.

Table 1 .
Person Centred Mapping Observation 1 st Floor and 2 nd Floor.

Table 3 .
Visual graphic analysis (VGA) space syntax analysis, 1st Floor of the Polnep Directorate Building.

Table 4 .
Visual graphic analysis (VGA) space syntax analysis, 2 nd Floor of the Polnep Directorate Building.

Table 5 .
Visual graphic analysis (VGA) space syntax analysis, 3rd Floor of the Polnep Directorate Building.

Table 6 .
Visual graphic analysis (VGA) space syntax analysis, 4th Floor of the Polnep Directorate Building.

Table 7 .
The assessment of architecture and environment criteria of Directorate Building of Polnep The assessment of the reliability of the Polnep Directorate Building is explained in the table below.