Strategy for the development of dairy farming in kampung susu lawu in sarangan village, plaosan district, magetan regency

This study aims to determine the livestock profile and development strategy for dairy farming in Kampung Susu Lawu in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency. This research was conducted in May-June 2023. The method used to determine the location and take samples was purposive sampling with 60 dairy cattle farmers as respondents who are members of the Livestock Group of Kampung Susu Lawu in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency, East Java. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis and SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats). The results of this study indicate that the dairy farming business incorporated in Kampung Susu Lawu is a small-scale community farm which is managed intensively. There are several business development strategies including SO, ST, WO and WT strategies. SO strategy by optimizing the productive age of human resources, ST strategy by strengthening the position of livestock groups and increasing efficiency in the use of production facilities, WO strategy by providing knowledge about marketing management, WT strategy by providing knowledge about pricing of dairy products. The quadrant position shown is quadrant II (0.11, -0.13) which indicates a business that has advanced but is facing challenges in trying or is in the ST quadrant. The strategy adopted is strategy diversification, meaning that it is necessary to form many tactical strategies or backup plans. The conclusion of this study is that the dairy farming business of Kampung Susu Lawu is managed intensively, oriented towards livestock business as a business, and has the potential to be developed based on SWOT analysis on quadrant 2 strategies, namely by making various strategies, maintaining strengths and minimizing these threats, such as strengthening the position of farmer-livestock groups by providing assistance, training and counseling, as well as increasing the efficiency of the use of production facilities.


Introduction
National milk needs from year to year keep going increase caused enhancement amount resident.Increased need for milk Not yet offset with optimal milk production, so dependency import still very high.According to [1] Indonesia's milk consumption reaches 4.4 million tons per year and domestic milk supply is new reached 0.9 million tons, in other words, as much as 20% of the national milk demand fulfilled by Indonesian breeders and as much as 80% was obtained from import.That needed enhancement milk production in Indonesia for fulfil national milk needs.The development strategy of smallholder dairy cattle farming system that needs to be considered is human resources, local resources and capital to be a priority on a scale [2].Dairy farming business is a business that has the potential to improve the welfare of farmers.This potential is useful for supporting livestock business patterns in rural areas because it can provide direct income and incentives every day [3].Plaosan District is one of the districts in Magetan Regency which has high potential for dairy farming.Based on livestock population data from the Livestock and Fisheries Service of Magetan Regency in 2023, the dairy cattle population in Plaosan District, namely 731 heads, is the largest livestock population in Magetan Regency.
Indonesia's dairy industry is dominated by smallholder farmers.Farm sizes are typically small, with farms, on average, owning less than five milking cows [4].Dairy farming business is a business that has the potential to improve the welfare of farmers.This potential is useful for supporting livestock business patterns in rural areas because it can provide direct income and incentives every day [5].Livestock business development is a situation regarding potential opportunities accompanied by the support of various aspects of the resources owned by breeders.The development of the livestock business includes increasing income, increasing the livestock population kept, increasing paid labor, and increasing stables [6].This is obtained by knowing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the people's livestock business.SWOT analysis is the identification of various factors to formulate a business strategy, it is necessary to have important considerations for SWOT analysis [7].The potential of the cattle breeding sector in supporting the economy can be a great opportunity, especially for rural breeders, to develop the business they have been running.A mutually supportive relationship between rural dairy farming and rural farming activities currently being carried out can be an added value in supporting development if it is managed in an effective system with more profitable results [8].The people's dairy farming business in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency can still increase its production, supported by the potential of natural resources that exist there.Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on business development strategies that need to be implemented to increase the livestock population and milk production for dairy cows in the region.This research will discuss the strategies used to develop integrated smallholder dairy farming businesses in group the livestock of Kampung Susu Lawu (KSL) in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.

Research Method
This research was conducted in groups the livestock of Kampung Susu Lawu in Sarangan Village, Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.Study This use technique survey on breeder's cow merged milk in group Kampung Susu Lawu cattle.This study asked several respondents about the characteristics demographics, opinions and behavior that has occurred or is currently occurring in society.Information was collected from respondents using a questionnaire.In general, this research is limited to research where the data is collected from a sample of the population to represent the entire population [9].

Determination Method sample
The method for determining research locations was determined purposively (purposive sampling) with certain considerations in accordance with certain objectives [10].The research was carried out in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency with the consideration that this area has the potential to develop smallholder dairy farms which are supported by various external factors such as places milk collection, population livestock, the number of breeders, natural resources that support the availability of feed and other factors.The sampling method in this study used a purposive sampling method.The purposive sampling method is sampling deliberately in accordance with the required sample requirements [10].Determination of the sample in this study chose 60 respondents to dairy farmers with a minimum criterion of having 1 head of dairy cattle and at least 1 year of farming.
Apart from livestock breeders, the sample for this study was also taken from government and private elements related to policy makers in the livestock sector which have an important role in livestock business.Samples were taken as many as 10 respondents using the sampling method from institutions and offices by chance (convenience sampling), namely the method of sampling with a specific purpose or purpose.Someone or something is taken as a sample because researchers assume that someone or something has the information needed for their research [11].These stakeholders include hamlet heads, farmer group leaders, Animal Husbandry and Animal Health officers in Plaosan District, broker and paramedics animal.

Analysis Techniques Data
This study has the objective of establishing a strategy for developing smallholder livestock businesses in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency based on a SWOT analysis, namely Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats.Strengths and opportunities (SO) strategy, this strategy is used to utilize all strengths to seize and take advantage of existing opportunities.Weaknesses and opportunities (WO) strategy is a strategy that is implemented based on taking advantage of opportunities, by overcoming the weaknesses that are owned.The strategy of strengths and threats (ST) is a strategy that uses the strengths possessed to avoid existing threats.Weaknesses and threats (WT) strategy is a strategy based on more defensive activities with efforts to survive and find solutions that aim to minimize existing weaknesses and overcome existing threats.
Identification of internal factors uses the IFAS (Internal Factors Analysis Summary) table, while external factors use the EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summary).Identification of internal factors with the IFAS (Internal Factors Analysis Summary) table, namely in terms of strengths and weaknesses.Identification of external factors using EFAS, namely with the framework of opportunities and threats.The weighted scores on the IFAS and EFAS matrices range from 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest), with an average of 2.5.The higher the total score, the better the business actors in responding to these factors, and vice versa.Result of calculation IFAS and EFAS scores, then obtained mark the X and Y ordinates to be determine position business is in quadrant I, II, III or IV.Quadrant I (positive, positive), this position signifies a strong and opportunity organization, so the recommended strategy given is Progressive.Quadrant II (positive, negative), this position signifies a strong organization but facing great challenges.The strategy recommendation given is Strategy Diversification.Quadrant III (negative, positive), this position signifies a weak organization but a great opportunity.The strategy recommendation given is Change Strategy.Quadrant IV (negative, negative), this position signifies a weak organization facing big challenges.The strategy recommendation given is Survival Strategy [12].

Characteristics Demographic Respondent
Human resources are the most important asset in an organization, both large and small scale.Human resources (HR) are the source that drives and directs the organization as well as maintains and develops the organization in various conditions demanded by society and the times [13].Based on this research which discusses the strategy for developing people's dairy farming businesses, it cannot be separated from the involvement of human resources in the area, Plaosan District.In this study, there were several characteristics of human resources or respondents, namely age, level of education, experience in raising dairy cows, the number of dairy cattle owners and their main job.Age will affect a person in learning, understanding and accepting changes as well as the level of work productivity.Humans are categorized into several levels, ranging from infants, children, adolescents, adults to old people.It is further divided into productive and non-productive ages.According to [14] based on the biological aspect, age can be grouped into 3, namely young/not yet productive (0-14 years old), mature/working/productive age (15-64 years old), and old/elderly/unproductive age (>64 years).Most of the respondents aged 46-64 years were 32 people (53.3%).Based on this, the respondents in this study are in the productive age category according to the opinion of [14].
The highest number of respondents who had elementary school education (Elementary School) totaled 37 people (61.7%), while the fewest, namely those with the last education at the Bachelor's Degree (S1) level, there was 1 person (1.6%).Based on the number of respondents at each level of education, the majority were respondents with elementary school education.This indicates that the respondents have a very low level of education.According to [15] the level of education does not really affect the implementation of livestock activities; this is due to the tenacity and work ethic of human resources which keep them quality.Knowledge of livestock can also be obtained by having a farmer-livestock group that organizes counseling or training for members, whereas if there is no farmer-livestock group in the area, information can be obtained from the local government or through extension workers [16].
There are 3 categories of experience in raising livestock for the respondents in this study, namely <5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years.There were 6 people (10%) with at least <5 years of experience raising livestock, while the most farming experience >10 years was 36 people (60%).Breeders who have Old farming experience will absorb technological innovations more quickly than farmers who have no or less experience.Experience in raising livestock is also an important capital in business success, different levels of experience, different mindsets in implementing innovation in their business activities (Ibrahim et al., 2020).The main job categories of respondents in this study were farm laborer, farmers, ranchers, entrepreneurs, and others.These categories are obtained from the data obtained from the interviews.The main occupation of the most respondents was as a farmer, there were 29 people (48.3%).According to [17] the amount of livestock farming income can provide added value and be able to improve the welfare of farmers and reduce the burden of living for farmers as a side business.

Results of data analysis
Deep data analysis study This use approach analysis SWOT.According to [7] SWOT analysis is the identification of various factors to formulate corporate strategy.This analysis is based on logic that can maximize strengths and opportunities, but simultaneously can minimize weaknesses and threats.The company's strategic decisions need to consider internal factors which include strengths and weaknesses as well as external factors which include opportunities and threats.This analysis begins with analyzing the internal factors and external factors of the business then to identify strategic factors which become strengths and weaknesses (internal factors) as well as opportunities and threats (external factors).
The internal and external factors that have been analyzed are then identified in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that affect the smallholder dairy farming business in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency.This approach is identified by using rating calculations, weights and also scores contained in the IFAS and EFAS tables.The calculation is carried out in several stages, namely determining the internal and external factors, recording the rating results derived from the sum of each factor and dividing by the number of respondents or called the average, recording the weight derived from the average results divided by the total number average, calculating the score from the rating multiplied by the weight, and finally by subtracting the strength score from the weakness score and reducing the opportunity score from the threat score.Based on the results of the EFAS table and IFAS can determine the position of the business development strategy to be used.The internal score for strengths yields a score of 3.92 while a score for weaknesses of 3.81 indicates that the response to strengths is higher than the response to weaknesses, which means that the existing strengths can be put to good use while weaknesses can be overcome by developing the dairy farming business as a whole.The external score on the opportunity factor has a response of 3.56 which is lower than the threat response of 3.69, indicating that the business has not been able to take advantage of existing opportunities, so there are threats that need to be handled properly.The result of the total internal factor score that comes from reducing the strength score with the weakness score is 0.11, will be the value on the x axis.The result of the total external factor score that comes from reducing the opportunity score with a threat score is -0.13, will be the value on the y axis.

a. Internal factors
The quadrant position shown is quadrant II (positive, negative) which indicates a business that has progressed but is facing challenges in trying.The strategy given is strategy diversification, meaning that it is necessary to form many tactical strategies or backup plans, not just relying on the previous strategy.According to [18] ST strategy is a strategy that aims to avoid or reduce the impact of external threats, this does not mean that a strong organization must always block threats directly in the external environment.Quadrant II or the strength-threat cell carries out strategies by maintaining strength and minimizing these threats, such as strengthening the position of farmerlivestock groups by providing training and counseling, as well as increasing the efficiency of the use of production facilities.External (Opportunity This based on the threats that exist in the SWOT quadrant for overcome with power possessed by breeders.Associated breeders in this KSL finished experience attack plague Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) disease that causes cow milk production down drastically.Decline this milk production cause loss enough big for breeders, so cause difficulty breeder for business recovery.The breeder already lacks of capital for procurement new core nor cost operational feed quality livestock.This caused by the dairy cow already caught attack FMD, though Already healed the disease will difficult raise production the milk.Weak group farmer livestock and low frequency Counseling is also one of them reason threat, because matter they can reduce motivation breeder in carry out his efforts.However, existing breeders long experience for sure already own lots knowledge in overcome problem in age supported breeding still breeder's productive breeder.The development of dairy farms is very necessary in implementing a partnership system with the investors because by implementing a pattern of partnership this can potentially increase the income of farmers and can also have a double effect for the economy in rural areas and the economy on a wide scale [19].

Conclusions
Based on the discussion of the results of this study it can be concluded as follows: 1. KSL people's dairy farming business in Plaosan District, Magetan Regency is in quadrant II indicating that a business that is already fairly advanced, which already has business strength is experiencing various threats from outside the business.2. The business development strategy used is the ST strategy (strength-treat) by making various strategies to maintain strength and minimize these threats, such as strengthening the position of farmer-livestock groups by providing assistance, training and counseling, utilizing and increasing community interaction to establish friendship, cooperation and mutual cooperation, as well as increasing the efficiency of the use of production facilities.

Table 1 .
Characteristics respondent breeder cow dairy

Table 2 .
Internal Factors (Internal Factors Analysis Summary) `