The effectiveness of using maggot (Hermetia illucens) as a super native chicken feed ingredient

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using maggots as a feed ingredient for super-native chickens. The parameters used include feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, and abdominal fat. The ingredients used include 30 super native chickens with an age of 12 weeks, feed ingredients in the form of corn, bran, soybean flour, maggot, Gamal leaves, minerals, and premixes. The study used a complete randomized design with 3 treatments repeated 5 times, the treatment included P0 as control without using maggot flour (0%); P1: Maggot flour concentration 10%; and P2: 20% maggot flour concentration. The stages in the study include preparation of ration formulas, maintenance for 4 weeks, and data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the highest protein content at 20% treatment at 17.76%, feed consumption, and feed conversion showed non-significant results, but the highest consumption value at P2 was 219.66 gr/week, and the best conversion at P2 was 0.92. Body weight gain, carcass weight, and abdominal fat showed a significant effect, the best value at P2, for weight gain 242 g / 4 weeks, carcass weight 82%, abdominal fat 0.42.


Introduction
Feed is one of the important factors in the livestock business, the quality of livestock production is largely determined by the feed given and genetic factors.For poultry, the feed given must contain complete nutrients according to needs.One of the nutrients needed is protein.Protein needs in native chickens are less when compared to broilers.Based on the results of research to achieve good growth, native chickens at the age of 10-20 weeks need protein as much as 16.73% [1].Protein plays a role in the growth, formation of body tissues is also involved in growth, and effectiveness in the use of protein sources can be observed through weight gain, feed conversion, amount of carcass, and abdominal fat.
Protein source feed ingredients are divided into feed ingredients of animal origin and feed ingredients of vegetable origin, which can be obtained from local natural resources in Merauke Regency.Protein sources of vegetable origin can be obtained from legume plants [2][3], While animal origin, such as fish meal [4], worm meal, meat meal, blood meal, maggot.Maggot as a feed ingredient has a complete nutritional content, be it protein, amino acids, or fatty acids.The use of maggot is also quite economical because it is easy to maintain, making maggot a source of protein that can replace fish meal.
Based on this background, it is necessary to test the effect of the use of maggot in the feed mixture on the quality of poultry, in this case super native chickens, so that from

Consuption (gr)
these results it can be known the effectiveness of using maggot as a feed ingredient, especially poultry.

Material
The material used in this study was 30 super native chickens aged 12 weeks.Feed ingredients in the form of corn, bran, soybean flour, maggot, Gamal leaves, minerals, and premixes.The equipment used is equipment in making feed from the initial material to pellets, maintenance cages with a size of 5 units of each unit 1 x 1 x 0.6 m, each cage is equipped with a place to eat and drink-other equipment scales.

Analysis
This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments and 5 repeats.

Research procedures
The study began by formulating a native chicken ration formula using 3 different concentrations of maggot flour.The next stage is to prepare the flour from the ingredients and mix all the ingredients used.After mixing homogeneously, it is made into pellet form.The next stage is to prepare the cage that will be used for maintenance.The last stage is the maintenance of super free-range chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) for 4 weeks ethical.This research has been approved by taking into account and fulfilling the terms and conditions regulated by the authority of the Animal Ethics and Welfare Commission (ethical approval 2023).Feed is given 2 times a day and drinking water is given adlibitum.After rearing, chickens are weighed to determine the final weight, and the calculation of carcass weight and the amount of abdominal fat.The parameters measured were feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, carcass weight, and abdominal fat.Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and analyzed descriptively using correlation regression.

Feed Intake
The effect of the use of maggot flour on broiler chicken feed consumption can be seen in Graph 1.

Body Weight Growth (gr)
Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that feeding using different concentrations of maggot flour had no real effect on feed consumption.The highest value in P1 treatment using maggot was 10%, with a value of 220.36 gr.This shows that increasing the level of addition of maggot flour in each treatment has the same effect on feed consumption.[5] Feed consumption can be influenced by the quality and quantity of feed, but the age of management does not affect feed consumption.This is also put forward [6] states that the higher the feed consumed greatly affects the amount of nutrients in the feed that contribute to the increased growth of broiler chickens.

Weight gain
The body weight gain of broiler chickens with maggot flour treatment can be seen in Graph 2.

Graph 2. Chicken Body Weight Growth With Maggot Flour Treatment
Based on the results of the analysis, the highest weight gain in P2 was 242 grams, this was inversely proportional to feed consumption where the highest feed consumption in P1 was 220.3 grams and P2 was 219.66 grams.As for the feed conversion at P2, which is 1.25 and P2: 0.92, this shows that chickens in P2 treatment need more feed to get 1 kg of body weight.[5] states that weight gain is one of the parameters that are often observed to assess the success of the desired production development.[7] states that the growth of the broiler chicken body is influenced by gender, feed consumption, environment, seeds, and quality of feed.The growth of chickens depends on the content of protein and amino acids contained in the feed consumed [8].Carcass (%)

Feed Conversion
Feed conversion Broiler chickens with maggot flour treatment can be seen in chart 3.

Graph 3. Conversion of broiler chicken feed rations with maggot flour treatment
Based on the results of the analysis, the conversion of broiler chicken feed with the best maggot flour treatment is at P2, which is 0.92.This is estimated because P2 is a complete feed that contains all the nutritional needs needed by broiler chickens for the growth process.Low feed conversion shows more efficient feed use, this is supported by [9] saying that low feed conversion shows an idea of the efficiency of good feed use.The conversion of chicken feed in addition to depending on the speed of growth and feed consumption is also determined by the size of the body, environmental temperature, and chicken health [9].

Carcass percentage
Carcass weight is the part of the chicken's body that has been cut and reduced feathers, abdominal fat, internal organs, legs, and head.The weight of the carcass is known by weighing the carcass obtained.The results of research on broiler chicken carcass weights with maggot flour treatment can be seen in Graph 4.

Abdominal Fat of Broiule Chicken (%)
The results of the analysis showed that the carcass weight gain with the highest percentage of different maggot flour in P2 was 82% of broiler chicken carcass weight.This shows that the treatment of maggot flour in a ratio of as much as 20% can increase the percentage of broiler chicken carcasses.[10] stated the percentage of broiler chicken carcasses ranges from 65 to 75% of live weight, while according to [11] The average percentage of carcasses of broiler chickens aged 35 days is 59-63% of live weight.The percentage of carcass in this study was quite high, namely at P2 of 82%.Broiler weight gain is closely related to final weight, live weight gain will be followed by perception gain, Feed containing protein and energy that is not balanced can affect the percentage of broiler chicken carcass [5].

Abdominal Fat
Abdominal fat is obtained from the lining that encloses the digestive organs and the fat part of the cloaca.The results of the study of abdominal fat of broiler chickens with maggot flour treatment can be seen the Chart 5.

Grafik. 5. Percentage of Abdominal Fat of Broiule Chicken with Maggot Flour Treatment
Based on the results of the study, the percentage of abdominal fat of broiler chickens with the lowest maggot flour treatment at P2 is 0.42%.This research is not by the results of the study [12] Giving 7% maggot flour resulted in 4.12% abdominal fat.It is suspected that the maggot flour used is still in larval form with low-fat content, affecting the percentage of abdominal fat.This is also by the fact the age of maggots greatly affects the nutritional content of maggots where the younger the age of harvesting maggots, the higher the protein content and low-fat content.

Conclusion
Low-faults showed that the use of maggots up to 20% showed the best results with a protein content of feed using local ingredients of 17.76%.The highest consumption value at P2 was 219.66 g/week, and the best conversion at P2 was 0.92.For weight gain, carcass weight and abdominal fat showed a significant effect, with the best value at P2, for weight gain 242 g / 4 weeks, the circle was right at 82%, and abdominal fat 0.42%.

Graphs 1 .
Broiler chicken feed consumption with maggot flour treatment