Developing the pakisjajar community through a livestock compost processing

This research aims to assist the government in the development process which is centered on empowering village communities. The concept of participatory empowerment was adopted to increase village communities’ economic growth. This concept is applied in Pakisjajar Village, Malang Regency in the process of processing both (solid and liquid) cow waste into compost. This research uses a qualitative method with a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. Researchers have a role as facilitators and are considered very important in developing the Pakisjajar village community. The development of a PAR approach model can help communities or organizations meet basic needs and become a tool to increase the income of the Pakisjajar village community in the long term.


Introduction
East Java is the province with the highest number of beef cattle breeders in Indonesia, accounting for 27.32% of the total national cattle population in 2018 [1].Malang Regency's landscape is supported by the availability of sufficient animal feed, also supported by agro-climatic, market and community culture factors, making Malang Regency ranked in the top five with the largest beef cattle population.Apart from beef cattle, Malang Regency also has dairy farms.The dairy cow population in Malang Regency is 14.75% of the total national dairy cow population [2].
In line with the increase in the number of cattle in Malang Regency, the amount of livestock waste produced also increases.There are 2 types of waste produced by livestock, namely liquid waste and solid waste.One cow can produce 20-30 kg of solid waste and 100-150 liters of liquid waste [3].Most of the waste produced by livestock has not been processed and utilized properly by the community.In Malang Regency, less than 60% of livestock waste has been processed and utilized properly by the community.These uses include use for biogas and compost.
Apart from being used as biogas, livestock manure can also be used as organic fertilizer.Actually, not many people use animal waste as organic fertilizer.This is influenced by several factors, including a lack of knowledge in processing livestock manure, small livestock numbers, lack of funds, and limited availability of tools.Therefore, there is still a lot of livestock waste that is simply thrown away, landfilled, and/or burned.The effects of these activities can produce unpleasant odors, environmental pollution, ground water and river water.On the other hand, the process of burning cow dung that has IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1338/1/012063 2 been carried out by the community can produce dangerous gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane gas.Furthermore, this gas can cause a greenhouse effect.Scientists believe that as much as 16% of the total global warming is contributed by the livestock sector [4].
Cow dung compost is one of the livestock business wastes that is widely available and has complete nutrient content which can increase soil fertility and improve plant growth and yield [5].The use of organic materials is currently considered the best effort to improve the productivity of marginal land, including acid soil [6].Cow manure compost is an alternative for implementing organic agricultural technology that is environmentally friendly and sustainable [7].Research results [8] also show that the use of organic materials such as cow dung compost is useful for improving soil structure damaged by excessive use of chemical fertilizers and can improve growth.
There are many benefits from compost from cow dung waste.Therefore, there are efforts to mobilize the community, especially livestock owners, to process this waste.As an effort to increase public awareness to realize the process of processing livestock waste so that it can be utilized, community empowerment programs can be implemented.One method that can be applied is participatory action research or what can be called (PAR).
The Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach is a method that emphasizes learning through problem solving and fulfilling the actual needs of society, as well as creating knowledge and the process of socio-religious development [9].Thus, this strategy aims to increase collective critical awareness of the ideological constraints of neoliberal globalization as well as the shackles of normative religious paradigms that hinder the socio-religious transition process.Empowerment is the strategy (approach) used in this PAR research, and empowerment is an effort to free society from external dependence [10].
Community involvement at all stages, from preparation to realization, usage, and restoration, will promote trust in the government, motivating the community to support government-led development programs.Because of the vital role the community plays in development, community involvement is crucial.Community involvement is crucial to government development projects' effectiveness.The program will have a high success rate if the community participates at a high level.This demonstrates how community involvement affects the likelihood of achieving development objectives.Therefore, community involvement is essential for development to be effective.[11].

Research and Method
This research using explorative qualitative research methodology.The data used is primary data which is carried out by interviews and direct observations in the research area.The subject of this study is community in Pakisjajar village Malang Regency.The developing model in this research using Partisipatory Action Research.

Result and Discussion
The Pakisjajar village area, Pakis District, is a quite strategic area in Malang Regency.This village borders directly on Malang City and part of the Pakis District area is part of the Abdurrahman Saleh Airport area, which is the only airport in the Greater Malang area.Apart from that, Pakis District has access to the Malang -Surabaya -Probolinggo toll gate.This triggered the large number of native residents and also housing projects to grow rapidly in this area.The Pakisjajar Village area is one of the villages close to several of these accesses.This region has the second largest agricultural land area after Tirtomoyo village.The area of rice fields in Pakisjajar village is 354,678 Ha.Apart from being an agricultural area, this village also has tourism potential.The implementation of this research activity was carried out with Pakisjajar Village Officials and the Pakisjajar village community.This community prioritizes those who own cattle and agricultural land.This is an effort to facilitate the implementation of the Pakisjajar village community empowerment program.In Pakisjajar Village, the unit used to carry out this activity is BUMDes.Through this BUMDes, people can market their products.The concept of Participatory Action Research (PAR) in this research is as follows: Collaboration is carried out between lecturers as researchers, Pakisjajar village officials as policy makers, Pakisjajar village communities as perpetrators of empowerment activities.

2.
Empowerment of participation: this empowerment is carried out for Pakisjajar village communities who have livestock and agricultural land.This is an effort to increase the potential of village communities in processing cow manure to be used as compost.

3.
Change real life experience: the community receives training in processing livestock manure for compost.The livestock manure in question is solid or liquid livestock manure.

4.
Evidenced in terms of different outcomes: The community has a new product to market, and as an effort to make it the village's superior product.

5.
New Knowledge: the community has new knowledge and abilities in processing livestock manure waste into compost which can be used for planting vegetable plants in their homes and farms.6.
Documented Lesson: there is documentation of the stages of processing livestock waste into livestock compost.there is a committee structure in the community that is responsible for the implementation of the activity program.

Conclusion
The conclusions from the implementation of this research activity are: 1.
There is a process of implementing community empowerment, growing community interest in processing livestock waste.This is because the community gets new knowledge and support from either the village government or the academic community.

2.
This empowerment program is considered more effective in increasing the activity of the Pakisjajar village community.

3.
Increasing village awareness of village communities in creating independent village communities.
The suggestions from this writing are: Mentoring should be carried out continuously.

2.
The implementation of the activity program must take longer to produce good compost.

3.
Support from experts in the field of agriculture and compost processing so that processed livestock manure can produce compost that suits agricultural needs.