Integration of supply chain model for perishable food products : focus on micro, small and medium enterprises

Managing perishable products is a business challenge for today, especially for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This challenge becomes increasingly higher with increasingly competitive business competition which causes perishable products to become increasingly diverse and of high quality. Even though MSMEs face problems related to business innovation, especially in perishable products. So MSMEs need a perishable product business strategy to increase competitive advantage. The main purpose of this article is to integrate the perishable supply chain model for micro, small and medium enterprises. So that the implementation of the perishable supply chain model can be carried out well. This research method used a qualitative approach by conducting in depth interviews with twelve owners of MSMEs. Validation of the data in this study is shown by observing selected informants for cross-checking and validating the data. The analysis technique in this study uses MAXQDA software. The results of this study are that integration of each existing business function in a model, namely a perishable food supply chain, is very much needed. Perishable food supply chain integration is based on the perishable supply chain process, cost strategy and environmental and product safety analysis. The perishable supply chain process consists of production, shipment, processing, shipment, storage, distribution and demand markets. From the results of the coding system, it is also known that the distribution factor makes the largest contribution to the success of implementing the perishable food supply chain model. This supply chain model for perishable food for MSMEs is in accordance with the second sustainable development goals (SDGs), where problems related to hunger, malnutrition, and food security can be overcome well if this model is implemented in MSMEs. This research is in accordance with the eighth SDGs, where the hope is that MSMEs can increase decent work and sustainable economic growth. For further research, there needs to be integrated cooperation between various parties using the quadruple helix principle. So that MSMEs with perishable businesses can increase their competitive advantage.


Introduction
MSMEs have an important role in the Indonesian economy and a good contribution, especially in gross domestic product.MSMEs are also believed to have high economic resilience, so they can support the stability of the Indonesian economic system.However, the development of MSMEs still faces various obstacles, one of which is in terms of the resulting business innovation.So this is a challenge for MSMEs in increasing business innovation [1][2][3][4].Increasing business innovation increases competition in increasingly expanding businesses.The opportunity to reach the market is also a challenge for business development.The very rapid development of information technology also requires business innovation.One of the MSMEs businesses that is growing rapidly is the fresh food and processed food business.The business must be innovative and requires very detailed attention, because it is a product that requires raw materials in a product category that is easily damaged.The current development of this business follows changes in existing lifestyles and increasingly innovative market trends.In facing these business challenges, it is important for MSMEs to maintain a supply of fresh food to ensure the product quality [5][6] .
To ensure this supply, sending products to customers quickly but at low prices is a challenge in today's business, especially the delivery of fresh foods and perishable products.The quality of perishable products also guarantees the continuity of the business [7][8][9].Shipping is still relatively expensive for perishable products, especially products that require special handling in terms of temperature.For example, perishable products are frozen food, various types of milk and fruit juice.These materials have a high sensitivity to outdoor temperatures.That will spoil easily or experience a decrease in quality.So, an effective and efficient product delivery system is needed, so that product quality is maintained.
Based on these conditions, one of the important factors in responding to these challenges is to increase food security and safety.Sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices are essential to ensure food and nutritional security for all.So that the second SDGs goal, namely finding sustainable solutions to eliminate hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 and achieve food security, can be realized well.So, one of the most important strategies in food security and safety is to implement a food supply chain strategy, especially the increasing demands of consumers in the current digital era [10][11][12][13].
Managing a perishable food supply chain is challenging because it has short product lifecyle and demand uncertainty [14][15].The best and fastest supply chain strategy to maintain the condition of non-preservative perishable goods is needed.The strategy will be needed and can change the current logistics system.So, it can be cheaper, faster but the quality of the product does not decrease.Based on the problems, the appropriate model to these challenges is perishable food supply chain [16].In the perishable food supply chain model, there are several factors that are considered, namely production, shipment, processing, shipment, storage, distribution and demand markets [11,17].The perishable food supply chain model can also consider cost strategies.Because cost strategy also plays the important role in implementing business innovation for MSMEs, especially for perishable products [17][18][19].The perishable food supply chain model can also consider environmental analysis and product safety.It is in line with the SDGs goals where food security is one of the considerations in achieving sustainable business development [6][7]20].So, the integration of the perishable food supply chain model can become the basis for MSMEs in managing the perishable supply chain.
Based on the background of this problem, the research objective is to implement a more efficient supply chain strategy to improve the quality of perishable products.This strategy can be a consideration for small and medium industries in developing business innovation to improve the quality of their products.The supply chain strategy more efficient and can help MSMEs more developing, especially for MSMEs that operate in perishable products.

Methodology
This research uses a qualitative approach based on the perishable food integration supply chain model.The perishable food supply chain model integrated in this research is in accordance with the problems faced by MSMEs in completing perishable food.This research uses in-depth interviews.Participants in this research are MSMEs owners.The number of participants is twelve participants.All participants had direct involvement with semi-structured interview questions.Apart from semi-structured interviews, this research also carried out observations and document analysis to support data collection.Data validation was demonstrated by observing selected informants for cross-checking and data validation.The analysis technique in this research uses MAXQDA software.

Results and discussion
Based on the interviews with informants, a model analysis was related to the perishable food supply chain, which was developed from the integration of the perishable food supply chain model.The successful of the perishable food supply chain refers to several factors, namely procurement, storage production, distribution and demand markets [16].The perishable food supply chain model also considers the cost strategy, environmental and product safety.The success of a perishable food supply chain, based on the network system of food supply chain, should also consider cost strategy, environmental and product safety [7,[17][18].The integration of perishable food supply chain model becomes an inseparable unit in developing business innovation for MSMEs (figure 1) Figure 1: Perishable Food Supply Chain Model for MSMEs Figure 1 was obtained from the results of coding the informants.From the coding results related to perishable food supply chains, it was found that the main factors that must be considered in implementing perishable food supply chains in MSMEs are procurement, storage handling, production processes, distribution processes, demand markets identification, strategic cost analysis, environmental analysis and product safety.From these results indicated that in order for the perishable food supply chain to run well, the implementation must be carried out in an integrated manner.
Procurement handling for perishable products will be different from non-perishable products.From the results of the coding carried out, there were several factors that were taken into consideration in procurement activities for perishable products, namely cooperation with other parties, buy on the market, purchase frequency, quality of raw material and price.The biggest contribution was in cooperation with other parties.Informants feel that with good long-term collaboration with other parties, they would get products with the best quality and price.
Supply Chain perishable is related to the storage capability of the product produced.This storage factor is what differentiates non-perishable supply chain and perishable food supply chains.From the coding results, there are several things that need to be considered in storage on a perishable supply chain, namely cold storage, expiration time, special storage and special code.Cold storage is a consideration factor for MSMEs in improving the quality of their perishable products.Several informants consider cold storage to be important and therefore hope for the role from the government, as is the case with other MSMEs.
The good storage process will provide production results as expected.The production process for the perishable food supply chain must be based on the integration process flow that has been analyzed by the Company, which provides the best results.From the results of informant coding regarding production factors, what needs to be considered in the perishable food supply chain are standardization, product ordering, product quality, production estimates, good preparation of work in process.The most important is good preparation of work in process.Because in good preparation, factors such as quality, standardization, product estimates can support good preparation of work in process.According to the informant, the main success of the production storage is good preparation of work in process.
Perishable food supply chains will not be successful if we do not have a cost strategy.A good cost strategy is based from several factors, namely collaborating with suppliers, based on needs, durability of raw materials, quality and forecasting that are appropriate to the business.Based on the indicators in the cost strategy, it can be seen that the role of all existing stakeholders is important in determining the cost strategy, which, of course, will continue with the strategy for determining the price of the product innovation produced.So, the right strategy is needed in identifying the costs incurred from perishable products and, of course, cost efficiency strategies must be identified well.
Distribution of products also plays a role in developing a perishable food supply chain.Delivery time cooperation with marketplace, safety delivery, delivery costs, packaging, shipping insurance, are the success factors of distribution in the perishable food supply chain.Delivery of perishable goods must be carried out carefully to ensure that the product remains fresh and of good quality during shipping and storage.Perishable goods should be packaged carefully and marked specifically to ensure product freshness.So, there also needs to be a guarantee in the delivery process, especially, if the company or business works with a third party.Based on the coding results, it was found that of the various factors that exist, it turns out that the distribution factor makes the largest contribution to the implementation of the perishable food supply chain (figure 2).
MSMEs also need to consider demand markets when implementing a perishable food supply chain.Market demand depends on customer response as well as response from the marketplace used and can also be determined by order.So, in demand markets, forecasting must be identified well.Production planning should also look at market demand.By looking at demand markets, we must also have a good inventory and production scheduling system.so, we can meet customer and marketplace response.Environmental factors and product safety also need to be considered in perishable Supply Chain so that the product created meets customer expectations and is responded to well by customers.Based on figure 2, it can be seen that in implementing the perishable food supply chain, the distribution factor is the factor that makes the biggest contribution to the implementation of the perishable food supply chain by producing a contribution of 23% of the perishable supply chain factor.This is then followed by production process at 18%, procurement at 15%, storage at 13%, cost strategy at 13%, market demand at 10% and environmental and product safety at 9%.The distribution factor plays a very important role in perishable food supply chain.The perishable products really pay attention to the appropriate distribution system for perishable products.The Perishable products must be accepted by customers with very good quality.So, all existing factors must be in one system with well integrated in the perishable food supply chain model and can be applied to MSMEs.

Conclusion and further research
Integration between perishable food supply chain functions is very important in increasing competitive advantage for MSMEs engaged in perishable products.In innovation for perishable products, an integrated system is also needed to increase added value for the business.This integration is based on integrated business processes, and cost strategies and also considers environmental factors and product safety.The perishable food supply chain process begins with the upstream supply chain and downstream supply chain, which are integrated.There is a need for integration from procurement, storage, production, and distribution to customer processes as a basis for determining market demand.In this research, the perishable product distribution factor makes the biggest contribution in considering the application of a perishable supply chain, security in delivery, accuracy in the packaging process, and collaboration with third parties or the marketplace.
This research contributes to the second and eighth SDGs.The results of this research are related to how to increase food security and improve nutrition for perishable product innovation using the supply chain perishable model.This is in line with the second SDGs goal.It was hoped that by implementing the perishable supply chain model the second SDGs goal can be realized well.Meanwhile, the eighth SDGs relates to how MSMEs improve their work appropriately by increasing their perishable product innovation to increase the nation's economic growth.
Further research should consider how the process of collaboration with third parties or the marketplace can be well established with MSMEs.So, it is necessary to consider all parties in supporting the success of the perishable supply chain for MSMEs.So, it can consider the quadruple helix model in implementing a perishable supply chain for MSMEs.That is related to the cooperation process with government, academics, industry, and community.

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: The Code System of Perishable Food Supply Chain