The Application of Terawang (Roster) Wall Material on Building Facades in Tropical Climate Areas

Terawang (Roster) wall building material is a building material made from clay or cement which is easily available in tropical climates. The use of this roster material provides the opportunity for air to flow easily into the building. The use of this material is becoming a trend in Indonesia, which has a tropical climate. Research on the application of Terawang (Roster) wall material on building facades in tropical climate areas, which was carried out using descriptive qualitative methods, provides the results of an overview of how Roster walls are placed on building facades and the benefits obtained for the building. The use of this material also supports the realization of a sustainable human environment.


Introduction
Based on the 17 goals stated by the United Nations in the theme of Sustainable development, this discusses development that maintains the sustainable improvement of the people's economic welfare, to maintain the improvement of the quality of life from one generation to the next [1].In human life, energy becomes one that plays an important role in their daily lives such as in the use of transportation, household life, commercial activities, but the decreasing years of energy availability is contrary to the interest in energy use which with the increasing global energy demand, it is predicted that global energy needs will continue to increase until 2050 because the world's population continues to grow [2].
According to data from the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), buildings in Indonesia contribute around 39 percent of total carbon emissions in Indonesia which have a significant negative impact on the environment and human health.Carbon emissions from buildings in tropical climate majority come from the consumption of energy used to heat, cool, and illuminate the interior of a building [3,4].
The buildings designed using a green architectural approach can be a solution to create a sustainable city.This green architectural concept is based on the principle of sustainability and is expected to be an effort to reduce the negative impact of buildings on the environment.Some of green architectural strategies include the use of local building materials, renewable energy resources, increased energy efficiency, reduced water use, utilization of recycled materials, reduced carbon emissions, and environmentally friendly building designs [4].The building with a green architectural approach does not only pay attention to the needs of user but also pays attention to the environmental 1324 (2024) 012063 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012063 2 impact caused by the construction of the building itself.This is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's) number 11 regarding sustainable cities and communities at the sixth point, namely by 2030, reducing the environmental impacts per capita of cities, including by paying particular attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management.SDGs focus on efforts to achieve a more sustainable city.Green architecture is an approach that focuses on using local material, environmentally friendly materials, and resources to create healthy and sustainable spaces.
Terawang (Roster) wall building material is a building material made from clay or cement which is easily available in tropical climates.The use of this roster material provides the opportunity for air to flow easily into the building.The use of this material is becoming a trend in Indonesia, which has a tropical climate.The aim of research on the application of Terawang (Roster) wall material on building facades in tropical climate areas are to study how Roster walls are placed on building facades and the benefits obtained for the building.This is to produce sustainable buildings and help reduce the impact of climate change thereby increasing environmental sustainability.

The Methodology
The research method used descriptive qualitative method to gain a deep understanding of phenomenon or situation about the application of Terawang (Roster) wall material on building facades in tropical climate areas.The data collection process was carried out by looking directly at study cases of the application of Roster walls in residential buildings and schools or campuses that use Roster material with the aim of creating environmentally friendly and sustainable built environment.Other secondary data was carried out through literature studies of scientific articles and references to journals, books, periodicals, or articles that contain studies on building facade designs.
The data that has been obtained will be analysed using architectural principles to understand and find out the type of application of the green architecture concept and how Roster walls are placed on building facades and the benefits obtained for the building.

Result and Discussion
The aspect of working with climate is an important aspect of implementing green architecture, because green architecture has the goal of minimizing the negative impact of buildings on the environment, as well as encouraging a sustainable environment.One way to achieve this goal is to consider weather and climate factors (tropical climate) in building design.In implementing green architecture, planning must consider climatic factors such as air temperature, rainfall, wind flow, sunlight, and humidity.This will enable the building to maximize natural resources and reduce energy use, thereby reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Terawang (Roster) wall material is material with a good ventilation system.A natural ventilation system that allows fresh air to enter and exit the building easily.This can reduce the need for air conditioning and high energy use with air flow in and out through windows or vents.This method can maintain the air quality inside the building to keep it cool.This helps keep the temperature inside the building cool without having to rely on excessive air conditioning.This material also become useful shading to help reduce the building's exposure to direct sunlight.This method can help keep the temperature and temperature inside the building cool [5].The air in the building can be continuously changed and maintain healthy air quality.Many houses or residential buildings use Terawang (Roasted) material for objectives above (see figure 1).Buildings use common materials such as light brick, clay roofing and natural stone.The uniqueness is immediately visible from the facade at the front of the residence.The facade features a clay roster.Not only does it function to add aesthetics to the face of a tropical house, but this clay roof also functions as sun shading.Adapting to Indonesia's tropical climate, which is always exposed to sunlight throughout the year, the use of clay roofing provides an entry point for fresh air so that the room feels cooler inside.Meanwhile, as sun shading, clay roofing allows natural sunlight to enter without causing a glare effect.The clay roof acts as an entry point for fresh air which makes the air in the room feel cooler.Without causing a glare effect, the clay roof also provides an entry point for natural sunlight, making the residence brighter and energy efficient.The thermal comfort obtained from roster application on the facade also has good thermal comfort [6,7] The application of Roaster wall in the building façade of Bina Nusantara University at Semarang Campus has same objectives.There are to reduce the building's exposure to direct sunlight, to give natural ventilation, and as a space for utility and maintenance of the building façade.The buildings are designed in a layout that takes advantage of natural wind flow.It has corners or parts that are made open with Terawang (Roaster) wall material to allow good airflow.In addition, this building is also equipped with open spaces and gardens that strengthen the flow of wind (see figure 2, 3, and 4).
Building orientation arrangement is designed with the right orientation to maximize wind flow and minimize solar radiation entering the building.This can help create better air circulation and reduce the use of air conditioning in the air conditioning system.
Cross ventilation system applies cross ventilation which can help regulate air circulation inside the building.In addition, the use of cross ventilation maximizes the use of natural ventilation which can help reduce the use of air conditioners (AC) and increase air efficiency in buildings.Implementing a Roaster wall provides benefits including: 1.As air ventilation.The roster acts like an air vent.Its hollow shape helps make it easier for air to enter the room.In fact, the room is no longer so stuffy with the presence of a roster booth.
2. Easy for sunlight to enter.Having a roster room in the house can make it easier for sunlight to enter the house.This way, the house will not be stuffy or damp.A damp house generally often becomes a breeding ground for disease.This kind of room can prevent the growth of disease nests in your home.

Makes an aesthetic impression because it is patterned.
The roster has a nice shape and motif.There are many cavities and designs that the roster has, so you can choose what kind of cavity you want in your home.If applied correctly, this room can also be used as a decorative factor in your home.4. Very easy to install.This kind of room is easy to install, and the installation process is not much different from a normal room.This convenience is what makes this room widely applied in various types of buildings.This room is suitable for use in buildings such as buildings, offices, homes, or places of worship.

Conclusion
By paying attention to the working with climate aspect, the application of Terawang (Roster) wall material on building facades in tropical climate areas give benefits obtained for the building.The use of this material also supports the realization of a sustainable human environment.It easy to create the material because it is local material, can reduce the use of energy from non-renewable sources, such as electricity and fossil fuels.It also can minimize the negative impact on the environment.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. The planning and designing layout of campus that takes advantage of natural wind flow for sustainable human environment.