Exploring User Needs for Technology Adoption in Environmental Communities

ICT has a very important role in life in the modern world. Individuals and even communities are also adopting ICT to support all activities. Indonesia has diverse communities, one of which is the environmental community. One of the environmental communities is Dijo and to be able to provide more complete information to community members or other individuals, Dijo will build a website. The widespread issue related to environmental destruction has caused the Dijo community to try to support sustainable environmental preservation. ICT is used to provide access to more information and environmental knowledge to community members and the public. This research aims to provide planning recommendations and the benefits of adopted ICT to support community goals. Successfully conveying information related to environmental issues to the public is expected to increase awareness of the importance of environmental protection to achieve a sustainable environment. The Design Thinking method is used to analyze user needs and create a prototype of the website that will be used. The respondents used in this research were 35 members of the Dijo community. The result of this research is that the Dijo website can help the community obtain information so that the level of community awareness for preserving the environment also increases.


Introduction
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has contributed immensely to various aspects of human life in modern society, reshaping the way we live, work and communicate.ICT incorporates electronic technologies and techniques used to process information and knowledge, including information handling tools used to produce, store, process, distribute and exchange information.With the rapid development of the internet and information technology, coupled with the presence of various kinds of digital media, people today can access digital media to find out any information.Digital media is an electronic media that operates with digital code, offering applications, such as social media, online games, animation, interactive and personal websites, and video/audio recording [1].The main capabilities provided by digital applications are voice, text, animation, and data access using one-way, two-way or multidirectional information types [2].The use of technology is also used by various communities.Technology used by online or virtual communities (a group of people who interact online for a purpose governed by policy) is also used by a variety of communities [3] and also communities that meet each other in person at any given time.
A community is a group of individuals who have the same interest in an issue [4].There are various kinds of communities in Indonesia, such as social communities, communities in schools, religious communities, environmental communities, etc.An important issue that is always discussed at the local and global level is the environmental issue.Indonesia is a country with a very large forest area, so it is often called the lungs of the world.However, in recent decades, Indonesia seems to be gradually losing its title as the world's lung due to increasing environmental destruction.Lack of public or government awareness cause this problem.The significance of this issues had led to the emergence of environmental communities formed by concerned individuals.The environmental community aims to be able to create a sustainable environment to do for the good of the future.Several communities have taken steps, including campaigns to emphasize the value of environmental preservation.The environmental community helps in providing information or education to the public and contributes to the Government in making decisions.The internet is one of the technologies that has reached many people.Through the internet, every individuals can do various things such as communicate, socialize and even form communities [5].The presence of a website that support this is utilized by one of the environmental communities, Dijo, to be able to convey information to the public or community members regarding articles and environmental conservation activities that have been carried out.The purpose of this research is to determine user needs for technology in an environmental community so that information related to environmental problems can be conveyed to the public and it is hoped that it can increase awareness of the importance of environmental protection to achieve a sustainable environment.This research will use the design thinking method to find out the needs of users.This research is expected to increase the number in an environmental community and can find out what activities are carried out and knowledge about the environmental community.

Methodology
The process for analysing this research is by using design thinking.Design thinking is a method to consider user needs for innovations taken from a design tool to be further integrated into user needs to be combined with appropriate technology so that it can become a good product and can provide an effective solution to a problem [6]. Figure 1 show the process for doing design thinking consists of 5 stages: The first stage is Empathize.This stage is a human-centered design process, this method is used to explore the needs of users in the context of the product being designed by conducting interviews, observations, or a combination of interviews and observations according to the priorities that have been given scenario.Empathize has an important role in making a product because at this stage we can find out what the users think, say, feel, and do with the aim that the product is made or developed according to their needs.At this stage, interviews, observations or a combination of interviews and observations can be done.Empathy map is a user-centered approach, with a focus on understanding individuals [7].The second stage is Define.After obtaining data on the needs and problems felt by users in the empathy process, the next stage is the define stage.The Define stage determines the problems experienced by users.This stage is a stage that is carried out to determine the problem based on the data that has been obtained and can determine the real problem.The third stage is Ideate, which is the stage to process the formulation of the problem towards the process of solving the problem.Therefore, at this stage the researcher will strive to be a problem solver.The fourth stage is Prototype, where this stage is the process of creating a product design at an early stage so that it can allow the product to fit the new adjustments and make it possible to detect errors that occur early on.The last stage is Test.At this stage, researchers will carry out the testing process by collecting feedback from users according to some simple prototypes made at this stage.Feedback obtained by researchers will be collected from the side of the members of the environmental community.In this research, data collection is done by using primary data through direct interviews with target users, namely members of the environmental community.This aims to obtain information that is in accordance with user needs and secondary data collection through literature studies sourced from books and scientific journal articles.

Results
In this section, researchers will explain in detail each of the design thinking processes carried out to solve problems that occur according to the needs of users.This section will explain the process of exploring problems, defining problems clearly and specifically, exploring solutions that can be done to solve existing problems, creating prototype designs, and conducting usability tests on prototypes.

Empathize Phase
In this phase, the researcher will use the empathy map approach.Empathy map will provide an explanation of the information obtained to the individual in the form of visualization sourced from what he/she said, did, saw, and heard.Furthermore, it focuses on the individual's worries, fears, and frustrations, wants and needs, and what can make them happy [8].Empathy map is very good to understand the perspective of others.The researcher tried to get information about the problems faced by members of the environmental community.Empathy maps made by researchers were sourced from 10 community members, as shown in figure 2:

Define Phase
Based on the results obtained from the empathy map at the previous stage, it can be concluded that the problems experienced by one user are that they find it difficult to find out what environmental problems are happening, one user finds it difficult to find out what activities are being or will be carried out to overcome environmental problems, and eight users find it difficult to participate in activities to overcome environmental problems.The main target users are members of the environmental community.The solution made in this research must also be able to be used by users anytime and anywhere.In the define phase, the conclusions shown in table 1

Ideate Phase
At this stage, ideas that can solve the problems that have been clearly identified in the define phase are collected.Based on consideration of the impact on problem solving and consideration of users, the solution offered is to build an environmental community website that contains information about environmental problems that are always updated, registration of activities to be carried out by the environmental community, and knowing what activities are being or will be carried out.

Prototype Phase
In this phase, researchers create a simple prototype to be able to provide an overview or visualization of ideas so that analysis and testing can be carried out, where this can reflect whether conceptual ideas are feasible and can get feedback as quickly as possible to be able to create improvements to the product.This prototype is made using the Laravel framework and the programming languages used are PHP and JavaScript.Prototypes must meet user needs.Based on the problems that have been found in the previous phase, figure 3 and figure 4 show a prototype that can answer the needs of users:

Test Phase
In this phase, testing will be carried out on the prototype that has been made.The test is presented in the form of a survey with a number of questions as shown in table 2. This test has a relationship with the accuracy of the solution provided in answering problems and ease of use.This testing is carried out by user groups.
Based on the results of a survey conducted on 35 respondents who are members of the Dijo community, it can be seen that in the figure 5, first question (Q1) 85% of respondents believe that the presence of the Dijo application will be able to increase information or articles about problems or how to protect the environment and 15% of respondents do not believe that the Dijo web is able to increase information or articles about problems or how to protect the environment.In the second question (Q2), 85% of respondents believe that the Dijo web can make it easy for community members to be able to take part in activities regarding the environment and 15% feel that the Dijo web will not be able to make it easy for community members regarding activities to be carried out.In the third question (Q3), 68% of respondents believe that the Dijo web can make it easy for community members to share experiences about the environment and 32% feel that the Dijo web will not make it easy for community members to share experiences about the environment.In the fourth question (Q4), 94% of respondents thought that the Dijo web could increase love for the environment and 6% of respondents thought that the Dijo web could not increase love for the environment.In the fifth question (Q5), 87% of respondents thought that the Dijo web could help community members in their daily lives towards the environment and 13% of respondents thought that the Dijo web could not help community members in their daily lives.

Q1
Believe that the Dijo website will be able to increase information or articles about environmental issues or how to protect the environment.

Q2
Believe that the Dijo website can make it easy for community members to participate in activities about the environment.

Q3
Believe that the Dijo website can provide convenience in sharing experiences about the environment

Conclusion
Design thinking can make it easier to find out the problems faced by users so that they can provide the right solution to solve the problems that occur.This study found that with the existence of the Dijo web, fellow community members can exchange information through articles and activities carried out by the community related to the environment.More than that, it is also felt that the level of concern of Dijo community members for the environment has increased with the presence of the Dijo website.Future research is expected to examine the role of the media (website) or system used by DIJO for the general public in increasing environmental awareness.

Table 1 .
were obtained: Problem Statement in Define Phase.

Table 2 .
User Testing Questions.