Level of awareness of stakeholders in the construction industry regarding the green building concept in Indonesia

The concept of green buildings evolved and gained momentum rapidly in all nations. Nearly 40% of total CO2 emissions and more than a third of global energy consumption come from the building and construction sector. The application of Green Building is recognized to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Awareness of the importance of implementing Green Building is needed to support the successful implementation of the Green Building concept. The purpose of this research is to analyse the level of awareness of stakeholders in construction (how well they understand green building and its regulations, how important they think green building is) and find out in what way they gain an understanding of the green building concept. Questionnaires were distributed to various stakeholders and analyzed with descriptive statistics. The result shows that Indonesian people who work in construction environments already know and are aware of the concept of Green Building. However, they still lack an understanding of regulations and consider government support necessary. Until now, they have gained an understanding of green buildings through lectures and the media.


Introduction
According to the World Green Building Council, the green building concept is a concept where buildings (in design, construction, and operation phases) can reduce negative environmental impacts.This concept also requires that buildings should have a positive influence on the environment and nature.
According to [1], the application of Green Building has been recognized to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption, with environmental, economic, financial, and social benefits obtained.Policymakers and governments in developed countries have implemented regulations to ensure that environmentally friendly buildings are a top priority.
Based on research conducted by [2] in terms of building occupants, both those who have and have not implemented green building practices, respondents said that the lack of awareness of building occupants has caused the slow pace of the green building movement in Indonesia.Respondents are not sure about the benefits of green buildings in the short and long term.Research and case studies in Indonesia are not enough to prove the payback time and benefits they can obtain from the results of practicing greening efforts [2].From the building owner's side, lack of interest and high costs are obstacles to green building's implementation.From the contractor's side, the lack of research on green buildings creates obstacles in its implementation [3].
Two aspects are needed to support the successful implementation of the Green Building concept: awareness of implementing Green Building and the government rules in making the Green Building concept a priority in construction by creating new regulations.Contractors' understanding of green building itself is good enough [4], but it requires support from all stakeholders.This research determines the level of awareness of stakeholders in the construction sector regarding the green building concept and through what methods they gain an understanding of green building.
Two aspects are needed to support the successful implementation of the Green Building concept: awareness of implementing Green Building and the government rules in making the Green Building concept a priority in construction by creating new regulations.Contractors' understanding of green building itself is good enough [4], but it requires support from all stakeholders.This research determines the level of awareness of stakeholders in the construction sector regarding the green building concept and through what methods they gain an understanding of green building.The results of the study are expected to support Sustainable Development Goals in sectors 9 and 11.

Green building awareness
Awareness refers to being aware of and having knowledge or perception about a particular situation or phenomenon.It can be defined as a heightened sense of attention that allows individuals to perceive and make sense of their environment, thoughts, emotions, and experiences.Awareness can be cognitive, sensory, emotional, or spiritual, and it can vary in intensity, duration, and focus [5].
Several factors can change public awareness, including.
• Media Coverage: Media, including news outlets, social media, and other forms of mass communication play an important role in shaping public awareness by presenting information and events to the public.Media coverage can increase or decrease public awareness of a particular issue, depending on the attention it receives and how it is presented.• Personal Experience: Personal experience, such as direct involvement in an event or exposure to a particular issue, can also change public awareness.For example, if someone witnesses a natural disaster or experiences the impacts of climate change firsthand, their awareness of the issue may increase.• Education: Education and awareness programs can also play a role in changing public awareness by providing information and resources about specific issues.• Advocacy and Activism: Advocacy and activism can also change public consciousness by increasing the visibility of an issue and bringing it to the forefront of public attention.Activist groups and individuals can use social media, protests, and other direct actions to raise public awareness of a particular issue.• Public Policy: Public policy can also change public awareness by influencing the way an issue is handled and by creating incentives or disincentives for individuals to become more aware.For example, government policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions can increase public awareness of climate change.• Culture: Culture, including films, music, and other forms of entertainment, can also play a role in shaping public consciousness by highlighting certain issues or raising awareness about certain causes.
Studies on this level of awareness have been done in various countries.[6] conducted a study in Zimbabwe and found that the level of awareness among professionals and the public tends to be low.Still, their attitudes and perceptions about green buildings are very positive.Most respondents do not have much knowledge about Green Building [7], it concluded that the level of awareness in Turkey is still low as well as in Lagos, Nigeria [1], as well as in Zambia [6].In contrast to the results of studies in Malaysia, more and more developers, contractors, consultants, and the public are participating in implementing green building development programs [8] and the level of awareness among stakeholders is statistically high [9].

Research methodology
The research was conducted using quantitative methods through descriptive statistics.The level of awareness is assessed from 3 variables: a).level of understanding of general green building knowledge, b).level of understanding of green building regulations, c).how important green buildings are to them.Each of them is divided into several indicators which can be seen in Tables 1  and 2. Questionnaires were distributed by random sampling to contractor teams, consultants, project owners, academics, and developers.

B1
Do you know about Green Building regulations in Indonesia?[11], [10] B2 Do you think the Indonesian people understand about Green Building?[11], [10] Opinion about green building (C)

C2
How important do you think the construction of Green Buildings is for the future?[12] C3 Do you think we need to spread the Green Building concept?[12] C4 In your opinion, how important is the government's role in supporting the development of Green Buildings?[12] Table 2. Research variables and factors for the method of spreading the green building concept.Variable Code Questions References Methods for disseminating the green building concept (D)

D1
In your opinion, how effective is the spread of the Green Building concept through seminars/workshops?[13], [14] D2 How effective do you think the spread of the Green Building Concept is through Academic Activities (Lectures) [13], [14] D3 In your opinion, how effective is the spread of the Green Building Concept through media platforms (social media, TV, radio, magazines, and billboards) [13], [14] D4 How effective do you think the spread of the Green Building concept is through events/films?[13], [14] 4. Result A total of 50 respondents were collected, consisting of 20% academics, 8% architecture developers, 12% consultants, 34% contractors, and 10% others.The following table is a descriptive statistical analysis of the respondent's answers, wherein each variable's mean value is known.This survey shows that Indonesian people who work in construction environments already know and are aware of the concept of Green Building.However, they still lack an understanding of regulations and consider government support necessary.Until now, they have gained an understanding of green buildings through lectures and the media.Further research is needed, such as which method is most effective in promoting green building.

Discussion
From the 50 respondents who filled in, the general knowledge about Green Building (A) is quite good because it has a mean or average value of 3.60.They know the purpose of the emergence of this green building principle (A2).
Stakeholders' understanding of green building regulations has a low score of 2.54.Apart from that, they also believe that most people in Indonesia do not understand the concept of green building itself (2.28).Results of Respondents' opinions on the Green Building Concept (C) means stakeholders in Indonesia feel that green building is important to be supported and implemented by all parties, especially government support received a score of 4.72, showing that the government has a very crucial role.So far, they have learned the most about green buildings through lectures (4.34) and the media (4.04).

Conclusion
This survey shows that Indonesian people who work in construction environments already know and are aware of the concept of Green Building.However, they still lack an understanding of regulations and consider government support necessary.Until now, they have gained an understanding of green buildings through lectures and the media.Further research is needed, such as which method is most effective in promoting green building.

Table 1 .
Research variables and factors on the level of awareness of green building

Table 3 .
Descriptive statistics result