Spatial Acoustic Approach: Sustainable Design Methods in Creative Centre Building

The creative center is a place for the creativity of creative economy actors in the form of physical infrastructure, the development of a creative center will be more than just a community gathering place but as an intermediary in one strategic sector, namely the creative and digital economy. In the creative center, of course, every main room has activities that produce sound, basically not only do certain rooms have audio requirements, but even simple rooms require acoustic handling. Noise will occur in every activity; therefore, the acoustic space will answer to support the activities. users, the research uses qualitative methods and there is data analysis through precedents, The sustainability that will be achieved by implementing acoustics in this creative center building is not only the comfort of building users but also the materials for the surrounding environment.


Introduction
The creative center will also aim at sustainable development goals point 8 regarding decent work and economic growth where it promotes inclusive and sustainable economic growth, productive and comprehensive employment opportunities, and decent work for all, implementing sustainable development goals point 11 cities and Sustainable settlements make residential cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, with that the existence of a creative center can also have an impact on creative economic growth.Creativity makes oneself actively seek or grow ideas continuously and life cannot be separated from "creativity" [1].Creativity is defined as being able to respond and provide solutions to existing problems, the ability to involve oneself in the problem-solving process, the ability in intelligence and personality, and the ability to produce or create something [2].Creative centers can be physical or visual depending on their activities as well as their main purpose, providing space and networking support, business development, and community involvement in the creative, cultural, and technological sectors, [3] .Meanwhile, according to the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, the creative center is a place for the creativity of creative economy actors in the form of physical infrastructure, to increase activities and accommodate various kinds of ideas from creative economy actors.West Jakarta still lacks a place for creative distribution compared to South Jakarta with 33.15% and East Jakarta with 28.27% with creative economy players 66.72% male and 33.28% female.The creative center is divided into 17 subsectors namely applications, architecture, visual communication design, design projects, interior design, photography, music, crafts, culinary, fashion, publishing, animated films and videos, advertising, interactive games, performing arts, fine arts, tv and radio [4].
Data from enabling spaces: Mapping creative hubs in Indonesia says that there are three types of creative hubs namely creative space, maker space, and co-working space [3] in the journal Design Principles for Creative Space in 2018, a creative center must have personal space, collaboration space, presentation space, making space, and entry space [5].There are five aspects of physical settings that can affect workers, namely sound, temperature, air, light, and space [6].Every main room that is in a creative center such as a workshop, meeting, or studio area requires a space that emphasizes sound quality, Sound can have an impact on workers, especially for those who are conducting meetings or recording music.Noise will be present in every activity, and have an impact on welfare or health, it is classified as occupational noise or environmental noise [7].In the work area, sound can come from music, typewriters, conversations with other workers, and many sound sources.others, in some voices expected but there are some that are not expected.Unwanted sounds or sounds are called noise or noise while sounds that are desirable or pleasing to the ear are called euphony.The frequencies that can be heard by normal humans (audible frequency) are between 20 Hz (infrasonic) -and 20,000 Hz (ultrasonic) but in the audible frequency range, human hearing sensitivity will decrease drastically at frequencies < 500 Hz and > 4,000 Hz.Noise blasts with a noise frequency of 4,000 Hz at 120 dB pose a high danger to hearing, if humans are in these conditions even for a short time, they can experience a shift in the hearing threshold of 40 dB.In this study, translating user needs according to sub-sectors according to K. Thoring with room acoustics to increase the effectiveness of building users [5].

Methodology
The method used in collecting data in this study is a qualitative method used to compare absorbent materials and using quantitative methods to do numerical calculations with the Sabine formula.
1. Measure the area of the room measures the area of the main room on the creative center precedent.2. Calculate the reverberation time after knowing the area of the room, the reverberation time is calculated using the Sabine numerical formula/calculation.

Analyzing acoustic materials
Calculate the reverberation time one by one with different materials to get/approach the ideal reverberation time.As well as considering durability, application, and maintenance.
There are several places and times in this research area, as shown in Table 1.

Acoustic Approach
Concrete is the most frequently used building material; However, the selection of building materials unfortunately does not only focus on the structure but must also pay attention to other design characteristics such as acoustic properties [8].Efforts to present sustainable building materials continue to be made, the latest research uses sustainable materials derived from vegetable, agricultural, and animal waste.while continuing to strive to have optimum acoustic and thermal characteristics [9] waste/waste processing is a very important thing to do in Indonesia, to help reduce the increase in the amount of waste, prior selection is needed to sort waste with great potential for development [10].Materials that have high cellulose are very good as sound-dampening materials, for example, the characteristics of pineapple leaves which contain high cellulose have a soft surface and have a high shelf life, so they meet the requirements for sound absorption.[11] Other acoustic materials derived from natural fibers that have high efficiency and are environmentally friendly can also include sugarcane bagasse, banana fronds, or straw fibers [12].

Creative center
According to the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy (Menparekraf), the creative hub / creative center is a breakthrough building to open up business opportunities and jobs, explaining that the construction of the creative center building and the provision of the facilities provided is a government assistance mechanism, In the creative economy statistics for 2020 issued by the data center and information system of the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, there are 17 creative economy sub-sectors [4].According to the British Council 2016 Creative hubs can be physical or visual in form depending on the activity as well as the main purpose, Creative hubs provide space and network support, business development, and community involvement in the creative, cultural, and technological sectors, more than just a community gathering place but as an intermediary in one strategic sector, namely the creative and digital economy [3].

Creative economy
According to a book entitled Creative Economy Pillars of Indonesian Development, the creative economy is a concept in realizing sustainable development creatively and utilizing resources.The economic value of a product or service is no longer determined by raw materials like the industrial era but rather by creative use and how innovation is created through technological developments that are continuously advancing [4].

Creative economy sub-sector
Based on the 2020 Creative Economy Statistics there are 17 creative economy sub-sectors: applications, architecture, visual communication design, design projects, interior design, photography, music, crafts, culinary, fashion, publishing, animated films and videos, advertising, interactive games, performing arts, fine arts, tv and radio [4].

Noise
Noise is often associated with discomfort, but not many people realize that the emergence of noise results in a decrease in health, For example, people who find it difficult to rest because the house is too crowded which produces unwanted sounds will gradually affect their health, then psychological problems will arise such as fatigue and fatigue angry [13] .

Understanding of Room Acoustics
The book Acoustics of Buildings by Christina E. Mediastika, Ph.D. in 2005, it defines buildings or spaces that require careful acoustic handling because of the demands of activities in the room.Activities that require careful handling of acoustics are those related to audio, buildings that are classified as auditoriums, both special for music and multifunctional, recording studios, and rooms that require silence, the assumption that rooms with certain audio requirements is not true, simple rooms also require acoustic handling, especially if it is located close to a noise source.

Reverberation/Reverberation
According to the book on building acoustics, the level of reverberation in a room is done by reverberation time, the reverberation time in a room depends on the volume, surface area, level of absorption, and frequency that appears in the room.With reverberation time, the acoustic quality in a room can be determined.Every room that has a certain function has an ideal reverberation time [8/13].

Absorption
Improvement of reverberation time/reverberation time with absorption, a boundary area besides being able to reflect sound waves can also absorb sound waves, Absorption by a barrier element is very useful for minimizing the sound power level to reduce noise in the room.This is good for controlling the presence of reverberation time [13].
This study will use an analysis flow to conclude the data that has been obtained and can be applied or become a guideline in the design process: 1. Analysis of space and facilities through observation 2. Analysis of space and facilities through precedent studies 3. Analysis of acoustic materials through precedent studies 4. Analysis of differences in acoustic materials 5. Calculation of reverberation time through precedent studies 6. Analysis results and design guidelines Analysis of the needs of creative center space in Jakarta Table 2. Analysis creative center in Jakarta.

Room type Pos bloc Mbloc Jakarta Creative hub Personal space
There is no specific personal room in this building.
There is no specific personal room in this building.
There is a personal space, space that can be used for several people in a calm atmosphere.

Collaboration space
This room is used as a workshop area, has an outdoor room and uses furniture that can be changed according to use.
Used by building managers to hold meetings in block spaces for formal collaboration.
A space that can be used for formal meetings to exchange ideas with clients and PPKUKM service heads.

Presentation space
Used for events such as art exhibitions or concerts which can be rented, has no openings and has furniture that can be changed.
It is a performance space that is usually used for New Years and can be used for live music or exhibitions.
A room that can be used to watch a show or workshop.

Making space There is no specific makerspace area and this building has an MSME sales area
There is no specific manufacturing space, but there is a sales area for creative economy products Space that can be used for collaborators or if there is a workshop that uses special manufacturing tools for a subsector Intermisson The sitting area in front of the shops can be used to relax, with outdoor and indoor areas.
Space to chat and can also be used to relax in the outdoor area.
Space that is used to relax as well as exchange ideas.

Results of Analysis of Precedent Studies
After analyzing precedents according to the main room, which is in the creative center, there are several acoustic materials used ranging from porous materials such as wood panels, porous wood, fibrous materials such as polyester fibers, PET, fabric, and rock wool. 1.In the precedents of the production room/music studio, 4 of the 5 precedents used fibrous material, 2. In collaboration space precedents such as meetings and co-working 2 use porous materials 2 use fiber materials and 1 use fiber and porous materials, 3.In presentation room precedents such as workshops, 3 out of 5 precedents used porous materials, 4. In the fifth personal space precedent using fibrous material, 5.In Cafe Precedent 2 uses fibrous material 2 uses porous material and 1 using porous material and fiber.6.In the manufacturing room precedents such as classroom 2 using porous materials and fibers from carpet, 1 porous material and 2 fibrous materials Therefore, it can be concluded that music studios use fibrous materials, collaboration spaces use porous and fibrous materials, workshops use porous materials, personal use fiber materials, cafes use fiber and porous materials, and classes use porous and fiber materials.The materials that are often used are fibrous and porous materials, but in fibrous materials, there are several materials such as fabric and Rockwool which can cause allergies/irritations and have the use of materials that are not durable, for polyester fibers when compared to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) will be superior because it has materials that can be recycled, therefore if you want to use fibrous materials, you can use polyethylene terephthalate (PET).As for the wood material, the installation uses a frame.
The reverberation time calculation for each main room in the creative center will take 1 precedent to calculate reverberation time which will later be analyzed and used as a design guideline in the design process.The calculation uses the absorption coefficient with the following table which is based on environmental acoustics books [14].

Conclusions and suggestions
Through the analysis that has been carried out through observation to determine in advance what main rooms are in the creative center, the researcher analyzes that from the three creative spaces that have been visited, there are two creative spaces that do not have production rooms, but there are rooms for selling and showing off the work.Showrooms/workshops located in outdoor and indoor areas.The three creative spaces have collaboration spaces, but two of them have informal spaces.Then, based on the results of an analysis of the acoustic materials that most often appear in the main creative center space through 30 precedents, it is concluded that music studios use fibrous materials, collaboration spaces use porous and fibrous materials, workshops use porous materials, personal use fiber materials, cafes use fiber materials and porous, class using porous materials and fibers.From the results of the acoustic material analysis, the fibrous material that will be used is PET because it has a flexible design according to space requirements, PET and polyester fibers have the same basic ingredients but there are differences in the production system, PET has a material that can be recycled so that the use of PET will be better for the environment.
The creative center that will be designed must fulfill the sustainable development goal point 11 with the goal of sustainable cities and settlements for the surrounding environment, not only that The researchers also realize that the design of this creative center can increase the sustainable development goal point 8 which can increase the creative economy and provide lots of jobs.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Implementation of acoustic materials in meeting room.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Implementation of acoustic materials in café.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Implementation of acoustic materials in music studio.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Implementation of acoustic materials in classroom / maker room

Table 1 .
Places and times in this research area.