Public Art as Generator for Creating the Desirable City

Public art has been perceived to foster urban regeneration. Public Art has the potential to foster a sense of identity, establish a sense of place, enhance civic identity, address community needs, combat social exclusion, possess educational importance, promote social transformation, and stimulate economic growth. This paper aims to emphasize the significance of public art and its latest advancements, in the process of helping to create sustainable urban environment and communities, by analyzing several case studies. The study primarily used literature review and on-site observation as research methodologies. The subject matter will be looked from its aesthetic values, but also encourages playfulness through the creation of desirable city which become one of the principles of the ideal city.


Introduction
This paper was raised based on United Nations Sustainable Development program that focused to make cities sustainable.According to The United Nations, the world's population continues to thrive, and it will reach 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050, and 10.9 billion by 2100.The trend is also showing that an increasing number of people will relocate to urban regions in pursuit of prospects and an improved standard of living.The contemporary world is confronted with a multitude of intricate challenges, ranging from severe weather phenomena, pandemics, and the depletion of natural resources, to political and demographic transformations, escalating inequality, and economic instability.In light of these challenges, cities across the globe are required to adjust and react accordingly, while simultaneously ensuring the provision of reasonably priced housing, healthcare, education, and safety measures for their rapidly growing urban populace.Additionally, cities must address issues such as pollution and traffic, promote social integration, and manage the consequences of aging populations in certain regions and a remarkably youthful population in others [1].Culture and creativity are pivotal factors in the promotion of sustainable urban development.They not only contribute to the expansion of the economy and the creation of employment opportunities, but they also significantly enhance the overall quality of life for citizens by actively engaging in the social fabric and cultural diversity of a city.Moreover, through the promotion of cultural participation and the revitalization of public spaces, creativity serves as a catalyst for fostering inclusivity and promoting well-being [2].Sustainable development goals related to sustainable cities and communities have made public space become one of the aspects in creating green, safe, affordable, resilient and sustainable cities.The creation of attractive public spaces with art installation is one of the strategies that can be installed, so that it would attract people and creating opportunities for others.Therefore, the opportunity to rethink, adjust, and design our urban public spaces to be places that safe and sustainable for more people need to be addressed quickly.The urge to create the ideal city for people is crucial.According to SPACE10, there are 5 principles that become ingredients to create the ideal city.They are resourceful city, accessible city, shared city, safe city, and desirable city.The biggest challenge today is how to meet all those principles of the ideal city in our urban spaces and cities.However, this paper will explore one of its principles, desirable city, which promoting curiosity, wonder, and discovery serves to stimulate the playful aspect of human nature.
Numerous challenges distract urban areas, including the degradation of urban air quality due to car exhaust emissions and the overcrowding of roads with a high volume of people and vehicles.To enhance the urban spatial environment and establish a pleasant urban living atmosphere, public art emphasizes the combination of diverse forms of urban sculpture, murals, and landscaping, as well as the involvement of urban public infrastructure in the development and enhancement of the urban environment.This integration is crucial for the comprehensive design of urban public art, which extends beyond the mere presence of visual art pieces in public urban spaces.Instead, it encompasses the fusion of urban public art, urban planning and design, and urban construction [3].The importance of public art as a fundamental element of the creative city, as currently perceived, necessitates a thorough examination of its potential role in shaping a city's narrative of progress.Although it is commonly assumed that public art achieves its utmost success when it is adored and revered by the public, it is imperative to critically assess the feasibility and desirability of attaining a state of perfect harmony between public art and its audience [4].This approach fosters a dynamic public life that provides ample opportunities for cultural engagement, artistic expression, and various activities.Additionally, it facilitates access to public spaces that are conducive to relaxation, well-being, and learning.Public art relates to artistic works that are installed or showcased in public areas [5].Public art is a manifestation of artistic expression that is created collaboratively by artists and the community, and can take on diverse forms, materials, and processes.It may be installed either permanently or temporarily within a public space [6].Public art typically relates to the local culture and serves to establish a historical record, preserve memory, celebrate significant events, and reflect the main belief system, while simultaneously keeping the identity of the city.KAWS:HOLIDAY is one of the most sought event in the world, and recently it has added Indonesia as the tenth destination on its global tour, having previously graced cities such as Hong Kong, Seoul, Taipei, Tokyo, Bristol, Melbourne, and Singapore.Artist Brian Donnelly, professionally known as KAWS, is the man behind the project.This project represents the artist's most ambitious sculptural work to date, featuring a monumental inflatable figure.The installation will be situated in expansive areas and significant locations of the city, including waterfront sites, that are known to draw large crowds of spectators.Undoubtedly, the project has played a significant role in enhancing the quality of urban life, as it would improve the attractiveness of an area.This paper reviews two public art project by KAWS, located in Hong Kong and Indonesia.The study will examine a set of projects that have been selected based on their contribution towards the creation of a desirable city, which is one of the fundamental principles of an ideal city.These projects aim to promote playfulness through art and creativity, and the study seeks to demonstrate how they enhance the quality of urban life by increasing the desirability of the surrounding area.

The methodology
The study primarily used literature review and on-site observation as research methodologies.Conducting on-site observations, which involve the use of visual documentation, has emerged as the primary means of obtaining firsthand information for analysis.Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, China, and Prambanan Temple Compounds in Yogyakarta, Indonesia as the location for the case studies emphasize the place as important aspect of public art implementation.The review of public art projects initiated with a comprehensive literature review of papers, journals, and websites.The objective of this review was to acquire knowledge on the potential positive impacts such as [1] Subsequently, the information gathered from the literature was integrated with the findings from on-site observations to analyze the relationship between public art and urban space.The aim of this analysis was to ascertain the extent to which public art contributes positively to the city, with the goal of facilitating the creation of a desirable city.

KAWS: HOLIDAY, Hong Kong
Victoria Harbour, located in Hong Kong, is widely regarded as one of the most prominent tourist destinations.The Victoria Harbour promenade offers visitors the opportunity to relish in impressive scenes of the Hong Kong skyline.Initially known as "Hong Kong Harbour," Victoria Harbour was renamed after the British Queen Victoria following the colonization of Hong Kong by Great Britain after their victory in the First and Second Opium War.The strategic and distinctive geographical location of Victoria Harbour has played a crucial role in the history and future development of Hong Kong.Positioned between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, the harbour has provided safe haven and ample depth for large trading vessels, container ships, and cruise ships, making it one of the busiest ports globally [7].In March of 2019, a signature KAWS sculpture called companion, measuring 37 meters in length was set to be afloat in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong.The installation has already achieved global recognition, as it rests on its back with its face directed towards the sky.Its arrival at the harbour coincides with a month-long series of artistic events that are centered around the Art Basel Hong Kong.The artwork appears to possess the potential to attain widespread popularity and generate talking point among the locals and visitors.Despite the sculpture's brief display, its presence at Victoria Harbour, one of the most frequented destinations in Hong Kong, contributed to a unique experience and ambiance.

KAWS: HOLIDAY, Indonesia
The Prambanan Temple Compounds are a valuable architectural and cultural asset.They form a collection of temples, including the Prambanan Temple (also known as Loro Jonggrang), Sewu Temple, Bubrah Temple, and Lumbung Temple.The Prambanan Temple is a vast complex comprising 240 temples, and all these structures constitute the Prambanan Archaeological Park.These temples were constructed during the zenith of the Sailendra dynasty's reign in Java in the 8th century AD.The Prambanan Temple Compounds are situated on the boundary between the provinces of Yogyakarta and Central Java on Java Island [8].Prambanan Temple, situated approximately 15 kilometers from the city center of Yogyakarta, has emerged as a prominent tourist attraction that showcases both architectural and cultural tourism.

Desirable City
KAWS: Holiday Hong Kong, and KAWS: Holiday Indonesia showed that the installation of the artworks in the public space had been successful.Although both projects are situated in different characteristic of space and location, they gave positive, playful ambiance, thereby introducing a fresh dynamic to the area.The installation of public art is undoubtedly a crucial element in the development of a desirable city.Such installations serve to stimulate playfulness, curiosity, delight, and discovery.A desirable city is characterized by a vibrant public life, which affords fair and equal access to cultural,

Keep it interesting
-The water element proves to be highly effective in facilitating the installation.-The use of large scale to the installation also created unique atmosphere and works well with the site, and its surrounding.
-The world heritage site, and the Prambanan Temple as the background of the installation created contrast interesting image.-The use of large scale and contrast color to the installation created unique atmosphere and works well with the site, and its surrounding.
Table 1 presents an analysis of the public art installation KAWS: HOLIDAY with respect to the desirable aspects of a city.It is noteworthy that the aspects of having fun and maintaining interest emerge as the primary features that distinguish it from other aspects.However, the most distinguish differentiation about the installation is related to the design places for people aspects, where the location in Indonesia are in protected world heritage compound where people need to pay admission fee to the area.

Conclusion
Public art undoubtedly makes a significant contribution to the city, enhancing its appeal by providing a source of entertainment and inspiration for creativity.The art installation enlighten the public space, and it showed that creativity serves as a catalyst for fostering and nurturing sustainability and can become an important part to achieve sustainable development goals.Such contributions align with the characteristics of desirable city that is both enjoyable and engaging, thereby encouraging spectators and citizens alike to appreciate it through various means such as recording, capturing, and broadcasting using social media.Consequently, these measures will draw a greater number of individuals to the vicinity to admire the artwork displayed in public.The KAWS: HOLIDAY program has achieved great success, garnering significant anticipation worldwide.The installation of the figurative pieces, characterized by their distinctive shape, color, and large scale, has imbued the site with a unique atmosphere and ambiance.It showed that a provocative and distinctive approach utilizing figure installation can effectively enhance and enlighten a given space.Furthermore, the figure installation demonstrated its potential as a primary generator for the creation of a desirable city.It would play a major role to create sustainable urban environment and communities.

Table 1 .
Public Art (KAWS: HOLIDAY) towards desirable city aspects