A sustainable blue economy: blockchain and internet of things integration in tourism villages

Coastal areas have a wealth of marine and river fisheries resources that have great potential to be developed. This potential is utilized by various parties to make utilization efforts including fishing activities; conservation; ports; and marine cultivation; and coastal and aquatic tourism. Problems that currently occur in coastal areas include: (a) illegal fishing, (b) damage to ecosystems in coastal and marine areas, (c) not optimal utilization, (d) unsustainable development, (e) leakage of development due to corruption and injustice. The research methodology used is descriptive and qualitative research with framework analysis, which means framework analysis techniques. This analysis technique is carried out by conceptualizing the system through a structure that describes the connection between one variable and another in a systematic and detailed manner. The findings of this study provide innovative solutions for the application of financial and marketing technology through blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) can increase the productivity of fishermen, internal control, financial transactions, and reliable marketing strategies in helping business entities run their business processes. The management of regional potential independently and integrated can be collaborated through community empowerment and the role of village government through village-owned enterprises (BUMD) based on Sharia cooperatives in villages in coastal areas of Indonesia. So that the productivity of fishermen and government agencies in tourist villages can increase.


Introduction
The amount of fishery potential in the coastal areas of the Indonesian sea is utilized by various parties in order to exploit the potential of natural resources of coastal areas including fishing activities, conservation, ports, and marine cultivation, and coastal and aquatic tourism.Potential coastal areas can be a tourist attraction, both natural and culinary attractions [1].The potential management of region becomes the autonomous authority of a region.However, such management is still not effective in Indonesia [2].There are still many problems encountered in the production sector by fishermen, marketing by distributors and financial system management.
Problems in the production system of fishermen, often still classified as traditional.Using less fishing gear provides maximum productivity.In addition, there are also still encountered fishermen who use illegal fishing gear that can damage the marine ecosystem [3].The problem in the marketing system lies in the distribution system of sales of catch fishermen [4].The marketing of these caught fish makes for greater distribution costs.These costs tend to be the sole benefit of the distributor, not as freight costs.1324 (2024) 012020 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1324/1/012020 2 Problems in the financial system management sector often occur in data processing in information systems [5], that are still done manually.The government as a regulator of the economy can't know the real field data.As a result, the government cannot attract investors who can stimulate the economic growth of fishermen.
These problems, it is necessary to find solutions related to community empowerment collaboration and the role of the government in managing fish catches and coastal attractions.There needs to be an update of fishing equipment to increase the productivity of fishermen, marketing system updates to increase the marketing certainty of fishing results, and database processing that can be used to facilitate information systems as business analysis capital and cooperation with tourism village investors.With these updates, tourism villages can develop through collaboration between the community, government, and private sector.According to the results of Negara [6], efforts to improve the quality of life of coastal communities who work as fishermen can be done by arranging counselling programs related to the characteristics of the fishing profession in social, economic and political aspects.In addition, the formation of organizations or joint business groups is also recommended to facilitate stakeholders in providing capital assistance or transferred information related to fishery technology renewal.This research is expected to provide solutions to these updates through technology in the field of finance and marketing.
In this study, it is proposed to solve the problem through the use of blockchain technology and the internet of things that are integrated to build a tourism village based on sharia finance [7].The sustainable development goals have been set by the United Nations and the OECD countries have 17 goals and 169 objectives that focus on various areas as include sustainable development strategies at the national level implemented by optimizing natural resources more effectively and efficiently, sustainable development at the national level using international allocation of funds from various assistance such as official development assistance, and a more environmentally friendly and conducive technology transfer and transfer mechanism in the longer term [8].Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has the advantages and main characteristics of being untraceable, as well as providing opportunities for exchanging information and digital certificates through a computerized net [9].Although the types of information vary by context, it can be useful as a digital certificate, identity, and transaction tracking tool such as Figure 1.The information contained in the ledger can be accessed permanently, communally, and transparently.The utilization of internet technology in connecting several actual objects as a new technology is often called the Internet of Things (IoT) [10].Actual objects called "things" have the meaning of being physical devices [11].This tool is able to channel information through sensors that are connected to networks that are integrated with each other such as Figure 2. Providing information in the business world is one of the important things and needed by consumers.In addition, IoT can also be used as a service both by businesses and public service providers to increase user satisfaction.Sharia economy is a collection of legal norms derived from the Qur'an and Al-Hadith that regulate the economy of the human race [12].A good concept cannot have a direct impact on society if there is no support from the authorities as a stimulator.The government as the organizer of the official body of fishing corporations in the form of Sharia cooperatives needs to implement various technological advances in supporting business processes [13].In this research blockchain technology and IoT have a big role in advancing a sustainable economy.From the management of Sharia cooperative business entities by the tourism village government, it will produce surplus of a cooperative and financial statements that are useful as business capital, both independently and through investors.The development of tourism villages through the capital will stimulate the sustainable economic growth of local communities [14], not only fishermen but all social layers.Various stakeholders must work together and play an active role in applying the concept.The government as a stimulator, companies and private industry as economic drivers, and the community as actors in advancing their own quality of life while still paying attention to other stakeholders in order to create maximum cooperation.
This system was created to increase the fish catch of fishermen.With abundant fish catches, fishermen can market them independently or through fishing cooperatives.In this study, offered a sales system that is able to increase the marketing reach of fishermen through IOT-based tourism villages.In addition to benefiting fishermen, this system can also increase blue tourism branding to attract tourists to visit tourist villages.Thus, this fishing is commercial in nature that can apply throughout the fishing village in Indonesia.This system is illustrated as in Figure 3.

Method
This research focuses on the field of sustainable development in blue economy system [15], social community [16], and ecology [17], by examining logical and systematic variables in efforts to improve the quality of life of coastal communities through the integration of blockchain technology and IoT in tourist villages.Which focuses on the entire fintech and marketing sector.The focus ranges from production to transmission and distribution (T&D) and the demand side, in contrast to the literature evaluated to marketing, along with any transactions related to bookkeeping or accounting.This study uses descriptive and qualitative research design.Qualitative is research whose problem-solving orientation is carried out with a tendency to exploration and discovery [18], qualitative reviews contribute to the development of the topics studied [19], applied as an effort to develop knowledge [20].
Qualitative descriptive research is derived solely from the reference to the identification of the different properties of the relationships of a group of people, objects, or events that will later form a classification scheme.Data collection in this study using literature study by collecting sources on the concept of sustainable development in the field of blue economy, social, and ecology in coastal areas.The data processing process carried out in qualitative descriptive research includes data reduction; data presentation, and verification or inferring data [21].Broadly speaking, the analysis technique used is framework analysis, which means framework analysis techniques.This analysis technique is carried out by conceptualizing the system through a structure that describes the connection between one variable and another in a systematic and detailed manner.

Result and Discussion
The blue economy system is a concept that combines the principles of sustainable development with economic policies and practices that support human and environmental well-being.This concept aims to create a balance between economic growth, social welfare, and environmental protection.In this context, the role of sustainable development is very important in three main aspects including economic, social and ecological.Sustainable development in a blue economy involves implementing a sustainable economy, in which natural resources are used wisely to support long-term economic growth without harming the environment.These principles can drive innovation in green technology and resource efficiency.Investments in sustainable economic sectors, such as renewable energy, sustainable transportation, sustainable agriculture, and environmentally friendly industries, are important components of a blue economic system.This can create new jobs and stimulate sustainable economic growth, along with the growth of several new concepts that have novelty value as described in Table 1. to market fish in tourist villages through offline and online stalls

Fintech and marketing concept on sustainable blue economy
The development of fintech and marketing applications based on blockchain and IoT aims to increase the effectiveness and productivity of the coastal community's economy as a tourist village.The development of this application can answer the problem of technological backwardness that often occurs in coastal and inland communities.This application is intended to support the modernization of financial and marketing management systems through technology that can integrate information systems and Business Administration.The development of blockchain and IoT-based fintech applications has great potential to bring significant innovation to the financial industry.Blockchain has a high level of security with the ability to decentralize where data stored can be encrypted and difficult to manipulate.This capability is a strong solution to overcome various security problems in financial sector.Blockchain technology considers a high level of transparency where every transaction made can be seen by all parties involved, thereby reducing the risk of fraud and strengthening accountability.Transactions using blockchain technology can be carried out without intermediaries, eliminating the need for traditional financial institutions and being able to speed up the transaction process.The application of blockchain technology to transfer money or assets has lower costs when compared to the use of traditional financial institutions.Additionally, blockchain technology helps expand access to financial services.IoT allows mutual communication between devices and collects data in real-time which in the fintech field can be used to monitor, manage assets and transactions more effectively.Effective use of blockchain can help meet regulatory requirements and enable easier transaction tracking.Even though the technology being developed has high opportunities for innovation, it is necessary to consider the challenges and risks associated with adopting new technology.Apart from that, attention is also needed to privacy and data security as well as compliance with regulations.Financial technology is expected to help business management managers to control inventory, sales, and facilitate bookkeeping.While the concept of marketing, not only offers digital marketing alone.But intelligent tools that are integrated into the system by internet technology such as Figure 1.The purpose of the creation of this tool, in order to assist sellers in conducting internal control of accounting information systems, ranging from the production process to marketing.Fintech and marketing concepts will be developed through blockchain technology and the IoT to be able to achieve business management effectiveness, integrate accounting information system components, assist internal control through digital system monitoring, assist in the preparation of Management Information and general journals related to purchase transaction accounts, sales, cost accounting, inventory systems, and fixed asset accounting systems.From the general Journal, it will be integrated by the system so that it can be connected to the trial balance such as Figure 2. From the trial balance will then be forwarded by the system to the financial statements consisting of Income Statement, Statement of changes in equity, and statement of cash flows.

Application of blockchain technology in blue tourism village
Blockchain technology will be utilized by cooperatives that manage tourist villages in every financial transaction integrated in IoT applications as a transaction recording tool.Based on Table 2, technology will be used in inventory, payment, archival, and advertising applications.Inventory applications related to the purchase of fish on the fishermen.Payment applications are concerned with payment transactions by customers both through online and offline stores.Advertising applications related to sellers who want to market their water resources products on online stalls, sellers who sell their products will be charged a number of fees to be paid to cooperatives as advertising costs.The transaction will use blockchain technology.Data storage applications related to financial transactions will also be integrated with blockchain technology to maintain the validity of transactions and reduce the risk of cyber crime.Here's how blockchain technology works that will later be integrated into IoT technology can be seen in Figure 4.  Managing a tourist village using blockchain technology in financial transactions uses strong encryption and ensures that every transaction can be recorded correctly and cannot be changed, thereby providing a high level of security against potential security threats or fraud.The recorded information is transparent and accessible to all parties involved which makes it possible to track and verify each transaction easily, increasing trust between tourism village managers, service providers and other related parties.The benefits of using blockchain technology can be felt where administration and transaction costs can be reduced by eliminating manual processes that involve additional costs and third parties.Blockchain also allows transactions to be processed more quickly and efficiently compared to traditional transaction systems.Tourist villages are able to manage their digital assets such as entrance tickets, souvenirs, or additional services provided more efficiently where every transaction is recorded in a block chain to make it easier to track asset history.The use of blockchain technology is able to provide opportunities for stakeholders for collaboration and innovation for parties involved in the tourism industry including tourist village managers, private parties and local communities.Implementing blockchain technology requires optimal understanding and readiness to handle technical and administrative aspects, in addition to carrying out a thorough analysis and considering benefits and costs.

Application of internet of things in blue tourism village
Based on Figure 5, the application of IoT is developed in tourism villages by utilizing various IoT components including applications, communication protocols, devices, data analysis, and data storage.The various components are adapted to the application through tools as needed.Some IoT components are provided with additional environmental sensors, actuators, IoT gateways, and other electronic devices that are useful as initial information collection, transmission, and data processing.Advanced devices in IoT are communication protocols that can share and communicate data to stakeholders.The various components of the data require storage space through storage strategies on cloud servers.Data storage can be used by stakeholders as a data analysis tool, both in real-time and offline that can provide output in the form of data visualization.The IoT platform is useful as a data processor as well as an internal control tool in the production, marketing, and financial sectors of tourist villages.3 in the form of fishing gear for fishermen.This tool uses new technology as an innovation, namely trap nets equipped with LEDs and producing sound with a frequency of 20-20.000Hz through longitudinal waves using a 20 V battery power source.In addition, the net is equipped with sensors that can detect the number of fish.The way it works is that fishermen will begin to spread fishing nets that are equipped with LEDs and speakers.Furthermore, the frequency will be set according to the type of fish that will be targeted.When it is time to lift the net, the net will be inserted in a container that has been equipped with sensors related to fishing nets.The sensor is associated with IoT which will provide information to the cooperative how many fish the fisherman has obtained.The information will be processed into data on IoT applications that will produce output visually related to the number of fish.Create tools that can help buyers make purchases of goods to reduce the number of queues and help fishermen make sales independently Furthermore, the application of IoT at marketing sector in the form of packaging tools that can simultaneously preserve products and anti-theft tools.The Working Principle of IoT in packaging equipment is to provide information in the form of the number of fish ready to be marketed from the sensor output of finished product packaged in packaging equipment.This tool can also preserve fish, because this tool is designed to be able to reduce water content, remove surrounding gases to reduce oxidation reactions, and prevent water vapor and gas from interacting directly with fresh fish.So that this packaging is able to maintain the freshness of the fish and prevent the proliferation of microorganisms that make the fish rot.Once completed packaged, then this tool will be given an antitheft tool.That is a tool designed using sensors that can be detected when crossing the boundaries of the store.this tool can also provide information about the amount of inventory in a shelf or storefront.so that this tool is able to provide benefits as an internal control, as well as in the accounting process in the form of making merchandise inventory cards.
The next application of IoT is related to the financial sector.This tool is digital, which is in the form of an application that can connect between cooperatives and buyers, connect cooperatives with sellers, and connect buyers with sellers who will market their products independently.This tool is a digital fish market, which is able to bridge between sellers and buyers from various regions and sell products from tourism village cooperatives that come from local fishermen.This application is useful for providing sales information, buying and selling transactions, and product delivery information to customers.Sale and purchase transaction information is equipped with blockchain technology that can help the validity of payments made by buyers and can increase the ease of business transactions for fish sellers on the digital fish market.All information contained in the IoT system in the production, marketing, and financial sectors will be used as one server could on data storage that can provide data analysis to stakeholders.The data analysis comes from data visualization in the form of accounting cycles, ranging from General Journals to output in the form of financial statements.The income statement can later be a material for evaluation and consideration in making business decisions.Report changes in capital that can provide information on the company's profits and losses.Cash flow statement, will help predict cash flow in the coming period.So that the design of IoT-based tools can be useful to increase productivity, maintain internal control efficiency, and facilitate accounting activities.
Fishing has an important role in the development of fishing industry because it has significant economic implications.However, to achieve the desired sustainable economic level in fishing, it is necessary to consider various efforts to maintain fish populations for long-term sustainability and fish resources must be managed wisely.Fisheries management that considers sustainable economics can involve setting catch quotas, determining minimum sizes and implementing sustainable fishing methods.Catching various types of fish is necessary to prevent the loss of one particular fish species.Dependence on one type of fish results in an imbalance in the marine ecosystem.Using fishing gear that is environmentally friendly and does not damage marine habitats is important, which can be done by using selective nets to avoid catching small fish.Fishermen are expected to have equitable and sustainable access to fisheries resources which includes fair quota allocation and is able to empower fishing communities to actively participate in optimal resource management.Infrastructure development in fish processing and marketing of fish products in an efficient and sustainable manner can include fish processing facilities, cold storage facilities and sustainable marketing strategies.Apart from that, it is important to provide education to fishermen and local communities about sustainable fishing practices and the importance of their involvement in protecting the marine environment which is aimed at achieving a sustainable economy.

Application of Islamic economic concept in blue tourism village
Cooperatives are a form of business needed by fishermen to increase their business productivity, ensure certainty of access to financing and marketing, and add product value.today is no longer the era of individual fishermen or trying on their own.Rather, it is time for fishermen to group or cooperate.Thus, the fishing business will grow and have a stronger business entity endurance.The government has also issued a regulation to support the strengthening of fishing cooperatives in fish auction place management through PP number 7 of 2021 concerning the convenience, protection, and empowerment of Cooperatives and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.
Based on its function, the application of Sharia cooperatives to fishermen in tourist villages is classified as a production cooperative.This cooperative, will provide services in the field of procurement of production goods using the legal basis in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in Indonesia and coupled with the rules of Islamic law, namely the Quran and Assunah while prioritizing the principle of kinship.
The system used in Sharia cooperatives is a revenue sharing system.This is because in Islamic law can't incriminate customers such as interest or usury system.In addition, internal control in Sharia cooperatives is not only focused on transaction honesty, but also the honesty of each employee in carrying out all his work activities.Fintech and marketing designs that utilize blockchain and IoT technology support this oversight and facilitate administrative management.So that the data reported is made in real time can minimize the level of employee fraud and improve the effectiveness of the performance of various parties.
Sharia cooperatives are expected to improve the welfare of fishermen through a revenue sharing system, increase surplus of a cooperative managed by the village government, and improve the effectiveness of financial reporting.With the financial statements, the cooperative as a business entity is able to search better using financial statements and promising business performance.The capital from investors of a cooperative will be used as capital for the development of tourist villages through coastal attractions.Later it will be built tourist destinations that can bring many tourists and also built culinary tours and souvenir centers that will be managed by the local community.The construction of tourist destinations must certainly have a uniqueness that can attract visitors.This uniqueness can be done in a smart way, such as building educational tourism related to the blue economy which is supported by ecosystem preservation.With the concept of a tourist village, there must be a uniqueness that other tourist villages do not have.The role of Sharia cooperatives in this process, is as a capital stimulator that will be used for the betterment of rural communities.

Final implementation
Sustainable development in the blue economy focuses on creating better social welfare.This can be achieved through increasing access to education, health services, and social protection for all levels of society.The principles of inclusivity and social justice are emphasized in this concept.In the blue economy, efforts are made to reduce social and economic disparities, and provide equal opportunities for all individuals.A healthy and sustainable environment is the main focus of sustainable development in the blue economy.Efforts are made to preserve natural ecosystems, maintain biodiversity, and reduce negative impacts on the environment.Adoption of environmentally friendly practices, good waste management, conservation of natural resources and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are key steps in achieving the ecological goals of a blue economy.The role of sustainable development in the blue economy is to integrate economic, social and ecological interests to create a sustainable and balanced society.This effort involves collaboration between government, the private sector, civil society and international institutions to achieve sustainable development goals in various aspects of life.The final implementation is illustrated in Figure 6.

Conclusion
The integration of financial and marketing technology through blockchain technology and the IoT can improve fisherman productivity, internal control, financial transactions, and reliable marketing strategies in helping business entities run their business processes.Independent and integrated management of regional potential can be collaborated through community empowerment and the role of village government through village-owned enterprises (BUMD) in villages in coastal areas of Indonesia.Sharia cooperative is a management system of all types of financial activities that are applied in the concept of Sustainable Tourism Village development in this study.The principle of kinship and profit-sharing system that is not burdensome to each other is the main key to the progress of financial management.With the financial management through a clear business entity, it can bring in investors who can help the development of coastal tourism as a driver of the local community's economy.Advances in technology are used, with a wider target market, allowing tourism villages to independently develop coastal tourism through capital from fishing.The capital is used to build coastal tourism to bring in tourists.With the advancement of tourism, people other than fishermen can conduct business activities in the area.So that the application of advances in blockchain and IoT technology not only has a direct impact on fishermen, but also tourism village communities who participate in economic activities in tourist attraction areas in a sustainable manner.It is hoped that the novelty found in the study will have benefits for the development of knowledge in the future [22].

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Platform of internet of things

Table 1 .
Finding the novelty of concept 1) Used IoT technology-based applications in fishing equipment as a production process innovation 2) Used IoT technology-based applications in marketing systems by fishermen in Sharia cooperatives 3) Used IoT technology-based applications used by Sharia cooperatives

Table 2 .
Blockchain technology in fintech and marketing

Table 3 .
Application of IoT in fintech and marketing