Design of the Mobile Application to Reduce the Carbon Track

Climate change is impacted by global warming. As a result of climate change, some local weather patterns are gradually altering. Climate change and carbon emissions are inextricably linked and contribute to a number of phenomena, including the melting of ice at the north and south poles due to rising global temperatures. The danger of dying increases with temperature. By developing and constructing a mobile application, this study aims to promote environmental restoration efforts by providing carbon compensation, which is a carbon emissions trading system. The developed mobile application tracks carbon offsets. Users’ comments are gathered through surveys, and design and prototype are done using the Unified Modelling Language (UML). Users of mobile apps can lessen their impact on the environment, ameliorate climatic calamities, or even survive them. As a result of this application, you can lower your carbon footprint and increase your environmental consciousness by using mobile applications.


Introduction
Since the beginning of time, people have lived on earth, a planet with an extremely diverse ecology.For millions of years, this ecosystem has been preserved to support all species on the planet.Up until the advent of the industrial revolution, humans continued to innovate.A technological advancement known as the Industrial Revolution took place between 1750 and 1850 and altered operations in mining, agriculture, manufacturing, transportation, and technology [1].Additionally, these innovations had a significant impact on global social, economic, and cultural situations.One of them is the switch to manufacturing-based machine power from the previous use of animal and human power.The rapid growth of the human population, the opening of new land, and the emergence of businesses that had never existed before are all highly positive effects on daily life, but every development must also have a negative effect.Because the primary source of energy no longer exists on this planet, one of the worst side consequences of the industrial revolution is the widespread usage of non-renewable energy.
Other than renewable energy, there are other natural resources on the planet.Natural resources are all things derived from nature that can be utilized to satiate human needs.Natural resources include things like biotic and abiotic components.Biotic components are parts of organisms that are alive, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.Abiotic components, on the other hand, are those found in the soil and water that contain non-renewable energy but are not living organisms.Examples of these include petroleum, natural gas, many other types of gases, coal, gold, and various other sorts of metals.This energy is a finite resource that cannot be replenished quickly if it runs out.It takes nature millions of years to create or generate this energy.Due to the lengthy creation process, the consumption of this energy is very unsustainable and will fast run out while the process of supplying it back is quite slow.The world that consumes this energy keeps getting richer and expanding without considering how this will affect life in the future.
The worst aspect of using this energy is that it increases the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.Since the earth's formation, CO2 has been present for a very long period.It is not toxic to humans and is even necessary for photosynthesis in plants.When a living organism or plant dies, CO2 is released into the soil.The accumulation of CO2 over thousands of years will result in the formation of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, and this process will continue throughout the cycle of the ecosystems on this planet.Everything on this planet is in balance so that everything can complement one another, but because of human activity-related increases in CO2 concentrations, everything is being destroyed.The release of CO2 that has been long stored because of excessive use of petroleum, coal, and natural gas, which results in the greenhouse effect, is what is responsible for the rise in CO2 concentrations.
The effects of this global warming are felt in climate change.A long-term alteration in localized weather patterns is referred to as climate change [2].Carbon emissions and climate change are inextricably linked [3].The melting of the ice in the north and south poles is the result of the earth's temperature rising.Every year, the water level increases, which will eventually disrupt the longestablished weather cycle.Extreme temperatures have the potential to result in fatalities [4].Areas where the weather is already continually changing so quickly that it increases the severity of natural disasters around the world, such as flash floods in Indonesia and large-scale forest fires in the United States, Indonesian flash floods and a long-lasting drought in Madagascar.Any life on this planet is at danger due to the occurrence of climate change, such as when a drought in Madagascar results in a major famine that kills many young infants who are unable to feed.
A carbon offset is a plan to make up for the carbon emissions we produce by aiding in environmental restoration efforts, for as by giving money to plant trees [5].To cut back on greenhouse gas emissions, many people use carbon offsets [6].Since many nations, including Indonesia, have made the commitment to become carbon neutral, this carbon offset has a very high potential for economic growth in the future.Due to its size and equator location, Indonesia possesses the second biggest tropical rainforest in the world, behind Brazil.This puts Indonesia in an extremely advantageous position.Rain forests in tropical regions are those with warm climates.The intensity of the rainfall in this type of forest ranges from 1800 to 2000 mm.The world's temperature, climate, and weather are controlled by tropical rain forests, which are also known to have extremely high humidity levels up to an average relative humidity (RH) of 80%.This prevents drastic shifts in climate from happening.
Designing an application information system for mobile-based carbon offsets in Indonesia with the goals of emphasizing for users the key principles of the Mobile application information system and providing customers with ease of use are part of the research.

Literature Review
Listed below are some references used in this research.

Carbon
When referring to carbon that will harm the environment, we imply emission gases with a high carbon dioxide content.These gases are created when carbon-containing substances are burned.For instance, smoke from burning LPG gas, wood, leaves, gasoline, diesel, and other hydrocarbon-containing fuels [7].Because to the rise in greenhouse gas emissions (carbon emissions) brought on by human activity in business operations, the average temperature of the atmosphere has increased [8].When district heating is used in metropolitan settings, the capture and storage of biogenic CO2 emissions from large point sources like biomass-burning combined heat and power (CHP) facilities can help to reduce global warming while also producing carbon-neutral energy [9].

System
A system is defined as "two or more interrelated components that interact to achieve a goal, often consisting of various sub-systems that support a larger system."The system can alternatively be described as a collection of parts that work together or depend on one another to form a cohesive whole [10].A system within an organization that combines the needs of managers for everyday transactions, supports an organization's managerial, operational, and strategic activities, and provides certain external parties with the appropriate reports is another definition of an information system [11].

Information
The value of an information system to a corporation and the choice to invest in any new information system are, in large part, based on the system's potential to improve management decisions, streamline business operations, and increase firm profitability.Systems are created for a variety of reasons, but their main goal is to increase business value [11].Information can alternatively be described as the outcome of processing raw data to produce results [12].Based on the foregoing comprehension, it can be inferred that information is data gathered from a research project or study that will be analysed to produce a reliable result.Software, databases, and even associated manual procedures can all be part of information systems [13].

Use Case Diagram
A UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagram called a use case diagram explains how the system and actors interact.The sort of communication between a system user and the system can be described by a use case.Other UML is also used while creating applications, such as activity diagrams, use case summaries, and class diagrams [13].

Research Methodology
The method of gathering data involved conducting a literature review, which involved gathering data from journals to make conclusions from numerous sources that would be used as references.Following that, questionnaires were sent to responders, and online observations were made to gather insight.
Waterfall is the method of information system analysis and development employed in this study.The traditional life cycle, which emphasizes sequential and organized phases, includes the application development model [13].Requirements, design, implementation, integration and testing, operation and maintenance are among the stages of the waterfall paradigm.

Preparation and Analysis of the Requirement
Preparation and analysis of the requirements of the program to be developed constitute the first stage of the waterfall methodology.Interviews, surveys, literature reviews, observations, and debates can all yield information and insights.The analyst team will often gather as much information as they can from customers or users that want the product, along with the system requirements, within a corporation.In addition, you can learn about each drawback of the next product.

Application Design
Before beginning the coding process, the application design is the following step.The goal of this stage is to have a clear idea of how the software will look and function before a team of programmers start working on it.The development of data structures, software architectures, interface designs, and designing the internal and external functionalities of each procedural algorithm will be the main areas of concentration for this procedure.UI/UX Designers, graphic designers, or web designers are typically used by the team working on this stage.

The Development of Program Code
The development of program code using various tools and programming languages in accordance with the needs of the team and the business is the next stage of the waterfall methodology.Therefore, at this stage of implementation, the emphasis is primarily on technical issues since a team of programmers or developers will translate the outcomes of the software design into programming languages.It is typically divided into three teams with distinct roles during the development stage.The front end (for the client side), backend (for the server side), and full stack (a mix of the front end and the backend) are listed first.In addition, a more thorough assessment of the created modules is now done to see whether they are functioning correctly or not.Entering the system integration and testing process is the fourth stage.The modules created in the previous stage will be integrated at this stage.
Module testing comes next after the system integration procedure has been finished.This seeks to determine whether the software is following the design and whether the application's functionality is functioning properly.Thus, by testing the program before it enters the production stage, faults, defects, or other problems can be avoided.Both QA (Quality Assurance) and QC (Quality Control) oversee testing.

Module Testing
Module testing comes next after the system integration procedure has been finished.This seeks to determine whether the software is following the design and whether the application's functionality is functioning properly.Thus, by testing the program before it enters the production stage, faults, defects, or other problems can be avoided.Both QA (Quality Assurance) and QC (Quality Control) oversee testing.

Application Operation and Enhancement
The waterfall method's final step is application operation and enhancement.After the system has been tested, it will move into the product stage and begin to be used by users.The maintenance procedure enables the developer to fix bugs discovered in the application after a user has used it.Therefore, this waterfall model essentially uses waterfall concepts in its application.where each task will be carried out in order, top to bottom.

Result and Discussion
Listed below are some references used in this research.

Requirement
A questionnaire in the form of a Google form was distributed to 50 responders to obtain the data necessary for further study.Responder is user that use this mobile application.Then, sign up with NewsApi to receive the API for the quick tips feature, sign up with Firebase Cloudstore to be used as a database, and download the most recent version of Android Studio before beginning to code the application.

Design
Create UML diagrams, such as activity diagrams, use case diagrams, use case descriptions, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and perform database and user interface designs on Firebase.This paper does not completely illustrate the UML design.Figure 1 is one of the UML examples that depicts a diagram of use cases in a designed mobile application.

Implementation
Putting the design into practice involves creating a firebase account, connecting it to the Android Studio project, and then using the design to produce applications.After that, code in phases in accordance with the created design.Integration and Testing The application must then be tested after implementation.Testing continues until the user can successfully develop and use the application.User acceptance testing, user experience testing, and blackbox testing are all used in testing [14].

Operation and Maintenance
Supervise the application to prevent unwanted bugs, and always listen to user feedback to improve the performance of the Mobile application.

Mobile Application
The mobile application's design is covered in this section.An image is used to describe the design.Upon successful verification, the Carbon Calculator main menu apps will greet us as shown in Figure 5.The user of this program has the option of selecting the activity that was carried out, such as one that used a car or an airplane.Figure 6 is a question related to the input of Carbon Calculator.The alternatives for carbon footprint calculation are done annually.Figure 6 displays the estimated options. Figure 7 denotes the results.Figure 8 shows the history of Carbon Calculator by user.With this, then the user can see the impact of the activity that has been done.Figure 9 shows the menu to contribute.The carbon footprint can be decreased with the help of users.Specifically, by downloading the app and subscribing.Contributions chosen by the user are then implemented by the administrator, who collaborated with the program provider, in the form of planting a mangrove tree along the designated shore.And figure 10 is the choice of payment method to contribute. Figure 11 shows the transaction history of contribution by user.

Evaluation
An intuitive smartphone application, which runs on the Android operating system, can be used to estimate one's carbon footprint and offer suggestions for achieving individual or group carbon neutrality.When calculating carbon footprints and purchasing subscription packages for carbon neutrality or carbon offsets offered for users to make contributions such as reforesting damaged areas so they can help or minimize the current climate crisis, this system offers a quick and direct interface that will be convenient for users.Because the mobile application will employ eroded land, whether by purchasing the land or renting it from the government, the prospects for its digital business are also promising.Users can also have a positive impact on local communities by opening work possibilities for locals in tree planting projects that are not restricted to just one area facing abrasion.Contributions to the environment are also quite big when users pay for a membership.Users are invited to encourage their friends and family to reduce their carbon footprints or are advised to adopt CO2 reduction techniques provided by the quick & tips feature, such as going vegetarian and installing solar energy at home, to contribute to a greener Indonesia based on carbon offset balance.By implementing sustainable behaviors daily, this application is one strategy to cut carbon dioxide emissions and help Indonesia become carbon neutral by 2070.
Based on the test results and use of the application, users provided several comments: The Mobile Application has easy-to-use features; it is very user friendly; no problem; the writing had to be adjusted because something didn't fit in the right place.

Conclusion
Based on the results of the Mobile application information system design to reduce the environmental carbon footprint, the Mobile Application is expected to be the main pioneer in helping people become more environmentally aware, namely by using the carbon footprint calculator application.The Carbon Footprint Mobile Application can be a new job opportunity for several parties in relation to carbon footprint management with various activities that can be carried out collaboratively with application support.Due to the lack of real-time data in Indonesia, the parameters used in this application to calculate the carbon footprint are still limited.The design of the information system in the mobile application also has shortcomings, namely that it only calculates carbon calculators in general.Furthermore, this application can be developed with more detailed information according to user needs.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Use case Diagram Mobile Application