Cost Overrun Factor of Toll Road Project Construction

Results in more than 45 studies of infrastructure projects in 20 countries that ran overestimate. For rail projects, they predict average cost increases of 45%, for fixed-line projects (tunnels and bridges), of 34%, and for highway projects, of 30%. Indonesia is one of the 20 nations on 5 continents where cost overruns are a common occurrence. Cost overruns are one of the problems faced by most construction projects in Indonesia. Unexpected budget cost overruns can create many problems in the project. Therefore, every stakeholder in the project needs to have a good understanding of factors that cause cost overruns to avoid or minimize it risks in the project. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause cost overrun on a project and analyze the factors that are most influential on the occurrence of cost overrun on construction projects. This study used a systematic literature review to collect data from previous studies. This study resulted in 6 management elements, consisting of 85 variables identified in this study. 6 management elements factors, including material factors, labor factors, equipment factors, subcontractor factors, financial factors, and external factors. This is a fairly broad category that includes projects. The most cause factor of cost overrun land acquisition problems


Introduction
The construction sector is significant in all countries.The construction sector is a significant employer and investor.One of the crucial prerequisites for the degree of economic growth is the development of a nation's infrastructure, which is where the construction industry comes into play (Ashmita, 2019).The construction industry is a combination of resources such as people, equipment, materials, and costs/capital which are organized and collected in a temporary organizational framework to achieve the same targets and objectives (Abrar Husen, 2011).The availability of road infrastructure can encourage equitable regional development (Nur Sahid, 2019).However, the construction sector deals with several issues that limit its success and prevent it from achieving its objectives.Cost overruns, according to numerous studies, are the major issue facing the construction sector.This is true from the beginning to the end of a project's life cycle.Cost overrun is a significant issue in construction projects, one that calls for substantial attention from all parties concerned.To improve cost efficiency, it is essential to identify the reasons behind construction project cost overruns.After looking at several previous studies regarding the factors that cause delays in road project construction, the preparation and implementation period is the dominant cause of delays (Thapanont, Santi, & Pruethipong, 2018).Cost overrun is a significant issue in construction projects, one that calls for substantial attention from all According to Haslinda et al. (2018), the primary causes of cost overrun are poor pre-construction budget and material cost planning, erroneous detailed measurements of material and labor amounts, and material costs rising in line with inflation.Paparang et al., (2018) implementation time, socio-culture, project finances, labor, cost estimates, project planning and documents, project organization and personnel, implementation and work relations, field arrangements, field materials and requirements, and project schedule.
This study uses quantitative methods to analyze the factors that cause cost overruns on Toll Road projects from the perspective of contractors and consultants.In general, this study is divided into 3 (Three) steps: Step (1) Identify the factors that cause cost overrun based on the literature study on toll road projects in Indonesia presented in

Results and Discussion
From the results of descriptive analysis to obtain the dominant factor in SPSS program statistics.get the results in the form of minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation in Table 7  Result from descriptive analysis test using the SPSS program, the most dominant factor causing the cost overrun on the project toll road construction : 1) the issue of land acquisition of 3.81 2) high-interest rates on bank loans 3.67 3) changes in economic conditions 3.67 4) change in the currency exchange rate of 3.62 5) poor cost control in the field 3.57

Conclusion
Based on the results and understanding of this study can be considered the following conclusions : 1) Obtaining the results of a literature review in the form of 6 elements of management and independent of 85 variables in the occurrence of cost overrun toll road construction work 2) The most dominant factors causing cost overruns in toll road construction projects: are land acquisition problems, high bank loan interest rates, changes in economic conditions, changes in currency exchange rates, poor cost control in the field

Table 3 .
Factor Labor

Table 4 .
Factor Equipment

Table 6 .
Factor Finance

Table 7 .
below Result in Descriptive Analysis of Cost Overrun FactorsBased on the test results of the above description, the distribution of data conducted by researchers is 1) the minimum value of the data is 1.Based on SPSS data processing, the smallest variable for the impact of cost overruns is, Labor strikes, overworked tools, labor absences, machine selection, errors in organizing equipment storage, errors in equipment investment, and job changes/rework.2) the maximum value of the above data is 5. Based on SPSS data processing, the higgest variable for the impact of cost overruns is, financial difficulties of the owner, late payment by the owner, lack of funds / financial capabilities, changes in currency exchange rates, changes in economic conditions, tax increases, poor cost control in the field, untimely payment methods, high interest rates on bank loans, slow payment for completed work, poor contract management.