Analysis of Green Building Implementation in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building

Green building, or green construction, is an approach to designing, constructing, and operating buildings that takes into consideration their impact on the environment and human health. Based on this, there is a need to conduct a study on green building in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building to determine its green building rating or level of implementation. This research aims to analyze the implementation of green building and the benefits it generates. The research methods employed include a literature review and a case study. In the literature review, various relevant sources such as scholarly journals, articles, and research reports are used to gather information about the concept and practices of green building. The case study is conducted in the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building by analyzing several buildings that have been constructed and are in operation. The analysis is performed using the Greenship Existing Building version 1.1 standards from GBCI. Greenship EB 1.1 consists of 6 (six) standards, namely land use, energy efficiency and management, water management, materials cycle and resources, indoor air quality, and building environmental management. The analysis results indicate that the implementation of green building falls short in many aspects due to the lack of available benchmarks. Recommendations that can be provided include the use of more environmentally friendly construction materials, the adoption of more effective energy-saving systems, the utilization of advanced water management technologies, and improvements in waste management.


Introduction
The global issue of climate change is one of the most critical environmental concerns today.Climate The increased greenhouse gas emissions brought on by a variety of human activities, including transportation, industry, and construction, are what are causing change.The impacts of climate change are highly significant, including rising global temperatures, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, rising sea levels, environmental degradation, and threats to the sustainability of human life and other living beings on this planet.
Addressing these issues requires solutions to mitigate the adverse effects that will arise.One of the solutions provided is the implementation of the concept of green building.The concept of green building emphasizes the enhancement of natural resource efficiency, including both water and energy usage.
Green building involves creating building structures from the planning stage and utilizing energy and resources through environmentally friendly and efficient building products.It not only considers low health costs and occupant comfort but also adheres to sustainability standards.Below are six green building standards from the Green Building Council that can be used in designing buildings.These criteria include appropriate land use, energy efficiency and conservation, water conservation, materials and resource sourcing, indoor air quality and comfort, as well as building environmental management.These six criteria can be combined without compromising environmental quality [1].
Pahlawan University, as one of the higher education institutions in Indonesia, specifically in Bangkinang, Riau Province, has also experienced rapid growth with the construction of new buildings in recent years.To minimize their detrimental effects on the environment and human health, these buildings must be constructed using green building principles.
There are still difficulties in implementing green building principles in Indonesian buildings, such as the University Pahlawan Class Hall construction.Increasing expenses, a lack of understanding and awareness of the significance of green construction principles, and a lack of laws governing their application in Indonesia are a few of the difficulties.
Therefore, in order to evaluate the degree of application of the idea and its noteworthy advantages for both the environment and human health, an analysis of the use of green building concepts in the Pahlawan University Class Hall building is required.This analysis will contribute to a greater understanding of the significance of incorporating green building principles into Indonesia's construction industry and offer suggestions for improving the best possible integration of these principles into the Pahlawan University Class Hall building.

Relevant Research
This research builds upon previous studies and contributes to existing theories.The following are relevant studies that serve as references: Research of [2], focused on the assessment of Greenship GBCI in the field of building education.The need for energy-efficient buildings and green construction concepts has been growing in popularity.Calculations and implementation can incorporate Greenship parameters as additional elements to existing theories and ideas.For example, considerations such as proper land use, energy efficiency and conservation, water conservation, and others are detailed points.The main goal of this research is to evaluate various aspects of green architecture using the formulations found in GBCI Greenship documents.This research is essential due to the limited understanding of green building theory, especially concerning calculations related to land use, energy consumption, and water usage, which require expertise in the use of supporting software.The research is designed to provide comprehensive insights into green architecture both theoretically and practically.The results of this study offer technical enhancements for applying Greenship parameters to analyze various categories of green architecture in building cases.Additionally, there is an assessment of understanding in each technical analysis.Greenship parameters support improved learning about green architecture.
According [3], examined the awareness and understanding levels of green buildings in Indonesia, which have led to a lack of knowledge about green building materials and sustainable design.Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a green building rating method by comparing existing rating systems and comprehensively assessing explicit information through comparative analysis.This objective was achieved through an extensive literature review of green building assessment techniques using comparative analysis.Comparison criteria, such as the number of comparative assessment techniques, the most popular evaluation techniques, and the current target status of comparison, were examined.This research established a system for evaluating the construction process and Green ship evaluation tools.Policymakers can benefit from the recommendations derived from this research.
Based on [4], analyzed the implementation of green building practices according to GBCI standards and set requirements designed to ensure that buildings are constructed in a more environmentally friendly manner.A building can be evaluated by GBCI and receive a Green ship certificate if it meets these requirements.The survey also covered the steps that projects must take, the standards and specifications buildings must meet to obtain a Green ship certificate, and the components involved in the construction phase.The literature review for this research was based on the GBCI Green ship guidelines.This study determined the order of the information from the Green ship evaluation process, Green ship requirements, and Green ship eligibility for construction connected to Greenship requirements.. Then [7], An important part of this review is the evaluation of energy use and anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions related to building heating and cooling.To start, we summarize earlier studies that attempted to measure the exact impact of climate change on energy use with regard to building temperature regulation.These estimates have been calculated using a variety of techniques, including physical modeling, statistical analysis, hybrid approaches that integrate physical and statistical modeling methods, and comprehensive evaluation models.This paper also explores the use of heating and cooling degree days indices as useful and reliable indicators of how climate affects energy use in buildings to control temperature.We also review previous research, taking into account variables such as the spatial distribution of these degree days, the influence of urbanization on degree days, and the regional variations in degree days and related metrics over time and geography.In summary, this analysis highlights a number of intriguing directions for further study and attention that result from undiscovered and current research gaps.These domains include the creation of accurate and uncomplicated techniques for calculating the precise effects of climate change on energy consumption in building heating and cooling.It also entails using more efficient methods to analyze temporal and spatial fluctuations, taking into consideration variables other than air temperature, like population density, sun radiation, and relative humidity.It is thought to be crucial to investigate a wider range of affecting elements further, such as remotely sensed indices, albedo, nighttime light intensity, and others.It is considered essential to estimate how urbanization affects heating and cooling degree days (HDDs and CDDs) in various environmental situations and at various scales, ranging from local stations to global concerns.In conclusion, the review underscores the importance of generating and disseminating pertinent datasets and doing studies in order to comprehend the ensuing consequences of climate change on energy usage for building heating and cooling.
The overall conclusion is that the first three studies address the issue of green buildings, evaluation, and ranking, while the latter study focuses more on the impact of climate change on building energy consumption.All of this research provides important insights that can help in promoting more sustainable building practices and increasing awareness of these issues.

Green Building
A "green building" is a structure that applies environmental principles to all elements of its design, construction, operation, management, and mitigation of the effects of climate change.Sustainable development is increasingly requiring green structures for government and office buildings, including educational institutions.[6].
A building that incorporates environmental principles into its design, construction, operation, management, and key components of mitigating the effects of climate change is considered a green building, as per the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 8 of 2010 on Criteria and Certification of Green Buildings.The protection of environmental functions is given priority in these environmental principles.

Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI)
Prominent individuals and companies in the Indonesian construction industry founded the independent, non-profit Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) in 2009.The main goal of GBCI is to encourage the industry's participants and the sector as a whole to adopt more ethical and sustainable practices.Rating Development, Training and Education, Green Building Certification, and Stakeholder Engagement are the four main programs that GBCI Indonesia runs.[6].
There are five different kinds of Greenship certifications that GBCI Indonesia offers: Greenship New Building, which is for newly built buildings; Greenship Existing Building, which is for buildings that are already existing but are being renovated or altered; Greenship Interior Space, which is for building interiors; Greenship Home, which is for residential homes; and Greenship Neighborhood, which is for particular areas.There are six categories for these Greenship certificates, and each one has a set of criteria with assigned credit points that are utilized to determine assessments [4].
One of the standards set by GBCI Indonesia is the Greenship Rating Tools for New Building Version 1.1.The six criteria that make up this standard are: Building Environment Management (BEM), Material Resources and Cycle (MRC), Water Conservation (WAC), Appropriate Site Development (ASD), Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC), and Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC).Regulations and Indonesian National Standards (SNI) recommendations are followed by these standards.[6].

Greenship Rating Tools Existing Building
A certification program called Greenship Existing Building (EB) is intended for structures that have been in use for a considerable amount of time-usually for at least a year after completion.The management and upkeep of building operations are linked to the implementation of green building principles within the Greenship Existing Building framework.[6].
According to [6], The Greenship Existing Building certification system comprises of qualifying criteria and six evaluation categories: a. Within the Greenship Existing Building (EB) certification system, the Indoor Health and Comfort (IHC) evaluation category focuses on assessing and improving the comfort and wellbeing of inhabitants in existing structures.f.Building and Environmental Management (BEM) Building and Environmental Management (BEM) is an assessment category within the Greenship Existing Building (EB) certification system.There are several criteria in each category, including requirements, bonus points, and credit points.There is a maximum of 117 points in the Greenship Existing Building certification system.

Research Methodology
Using Greenship as the benchmark, an analysis was carried out in this study utilizing Green Building standards.Data from surveys that were distributed in accordance with Indonesia's current Green Building standards were used in the analysis.The Pahlawan University Class Hall Building served as the study's subject.
In this study, the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, was the subject of a building observation.June 2023 marked the start of the research, which involved gathering the relevant data.. Two data collection techniques were employed in this research, both of which yielded results aligned with Green Building criteria as a reference for assessing Green Building standards in the studied building.These data collection techniques were as follows: 1. Questionnaire Survey In order to perform the questionnaire survey, questions based on the Green Building standards from Greenship were first converted into survey questionnaire points.According to the guidelines provided, respondents responded to these questionnaire questions.

Observation
The observation method involved data collection through direct observation, accompanied by recording observations of the conditions or behaviors of the target object.

Greenship EB 1.1 Assessment a) Category of Land Use
The land use category comprises seven factors, totaling a maximum of sixteen points, or 13.68% of the assessment.Only 5 benchmarks were discovered to be available based on the findings of the questionnaire survey.These benchmarks include Community Accessibility (codes 1 and 4), both scoring 3, Storm Water Management (code 1 scoring 1), Site Management (code 1 scoring 1), and Building Neighborhood (code 2 scoring 1).As a result, the evaluation of the land use criteria only received 6 points.

Category of Energy Conservation and Efficiency
The category of energy efficiency and conservation consists of five criteria, with a maximum possible score of 36 points, or 30.77% of the total evaluation.Only nine benchmarks were found based on the results of the questionnaire survey.These benchmarks included Testing, Recommissioning, or Retrocommissioning (codes 1A, 1B, and 2, each scoring 1), System Energy Performance (code EEC 3-1, scoring 2), Energy Monitoring and Control (codes 1A, 1B, and 2B, collectively scoring 5), and Operation and Maintenance (codes 1 and 3, each scoring 1).Consequently, the evaluation according to the energy efficiency and conservation standards was awarded 12 points.c) Category of Water Conservation The category of water conservation makes up 17.09% of the evaluation and has seven criteria with a maximum possible score of 20 points.The water conservation criteria received a score of 0 since none of the 14 benchmarks were satisfied, according to the questionnaire survey findings.d) Category of Materials Cycle and Resource.
With five criteria and a maximum score of 12, the materials cycle and resource category accounts for 10.26% of the assessment.There was just one benchmark available, Non ODS Usage with code 1, score 2, based on the findings of the questionnaire survey.As a result, the materials cycle and resource criterion evaluation received two points.e) Category of Indoor Comfort and Health Eight categories totaling a maximum of 20 points are included in the interior comfort and health category, which makes up 17.09% of the evaluation.Only five benchmarks were identified based on the results of the questionnaire survey.These are the following: thermal comfort (code 1 scoring 1), visual comfort (code 1 scoring 1), acoustic level (code 1 scoring 1), and outdoor air introduction (code 1 scoring 2).As a result, the evaluation for the interior health and comfort criteria received seven points.f) Category of Building Environmental Management The five elements that make up the building environmental management category have a maximum combined score of 13 points, or 11.11% of the assessment.Upon analysis, it was discovered that the building environmental management category did not meet any of the benchmarks or standards.Because it was not registered and evaluated, the Pahlawan University Rectorate Building was awarded zero points (see to Appendix 7).The Pahlawan University Class Hall Building received a total of 27 points out of a possible maximum score of 117 points based on the assessment results.
Buildings that are not environmentally friendly can have a negative impact on the climate and cause sea levels to rise.Some of the impacts that could occur are: a) Greenhouse Gas Emissions Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), can result from buildings that use energy inefficiently and do not follow green building practices.Global warming and climate change are facilitated by these gases.b) Global Warming Increased greenhouse gas emissions from environmentally unfriendly buildings can lead to global warming.Global warming, in turn, can cause drastic climate changes, including an increase in average temperatures worldwide.c) Sea Level Rise The melting of ice in the highlands and in the poles is another effect of global warming.Sea levels rise as a result of the melted water's increased volume in the sea.In addition to upsetting marine ecosystems, rising sea levels can pose a hazard to islands and coastal communities.d) Use of Natural Resources Buildings that are not designed with energy and resource efficiency in mind can deplete natural resources, including wood, water, and minerals.Exploitation of these natural resources can damage the natural environment and disrupt the ecosystem.e) Air and Water Pollution Environmentally unfriendly construction practices, such as the use of hazardous chemicals, can cause air and water pollution.This can be detrimental to the quality of the air we breathe and the water we use.
To reduce these impacts, more environmentally friendly building construction and operational practices are essential.This includes the use of green energy technology, energy efficiency, use of sustainable building materials, and layout planning that takes environmental impact into account.Efforts to reduce the impact of buildings on the climate and sea level rise are very important in maintaining environmental sustainability and reducing the contribution to global climate change.

Conclusion and Recommendations
In line with the research objectives, the conclusion of this study is that the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building has not achieved GREENSHIP EB 1.1 certification from GBCI because it has not met the criteria set in each assessment category.The requirement for the Final Assessment stage to achieve a minimum bronze level certification is 35 points, whereas the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building obtained 27 points in this research.This means that the Pahlawan University Class Hall Building has not attained GREENSHIP EB 1.1 certification from GBCI, due to the fact that the total points earned remain below the minimal requirement needed to receive the bronze-level certification.The Pahlawan University Class Building scored 27 points out of a maximum possible total of 117 points based on the assessment findings.Based on the 6 (six) GREENSHIP EB 1.1 variables from GBCI, the maximum points required for the land use category are 16 points.However, the data obtained from the Pahlawan University Building only scored 6 points.With a maximum score of 36 points for energy efficiency and conservation, the second category only received 12 points from the study.The third category is water conservation, with a maximum of 20 points, yet the field data resulted in 0 points.The fourth category is materials cycle and resource, with a maximum of 12 points, but only 2 points were obtained.The fifth category is indoor comfort and health, with a maximum of 20 points, and the research obtained 8 points.The building environmental management category can receive up to 13 points, but the points gained during the research have not been established because GBCI is the only entity that can evaluate this category directly.
Secondly, based on the research findings, it is recommended to enhance energy efficiency and conservation, pay attention to water conservation, implement materials cycle and resource practices, improve indoor comfort and health, and adopt sustainable environmental management practices in the Pahlawan University Building.Furthermore, for future research, a more in-depth evaluation of the challenges faced and the development of more effective strategies to achieve sustainable green building standards are suggested.By implementing these recommendations, the Pahlawan University Building has a better chance of attaining GREENSHIP EB 1.1 certification from GBCI and achieving a higher level of sustainability.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Front view of the class building.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Rear View of the Class Building.
The Development of Appropriate Sites (ASD) Within the Greenship Existing Building (EB) certification system, which focuses on assessing and encouraging sustainable practices in existing buildings, Appropriate Site Development (ASD) is one of the assessment areas.ASD specifically relates to the location of a building and how it interacts with the surroundings.
b. Energy Conservation and Efficiency (EEC) Another assessment category in the Greenship Existing Building (EB) certification system is Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC).EEC's primary goal is to assess and promote environmentally friendly building methods in already-existing structures.

Table 1 .
Difference in Class Building Assessment Points.