Smart rest area development to support tourist trip in limited access transport area. Study in the Dieng area, Central Java

The concept of cluster development has characteristics that are identical to tourism activities. Based on the Master Plan for the KSPN Dieng and its Surroundings, the Dieng Plateau is developed with several development strategies, namely the development and strengthening of local potential-based tourist attractions in a sustainable manner, increasing regional carrying capacity and the participation of local communities to support tourism, as well as developing cross-sectoral and regional policies. Accessibility in the Dieng area and its surroundings is supported by road and the availability of public transport. However, accessibility to the Dieng area, which is in an enclaved area, still faces limitations and causes the time and distance to be quite long. Proposal are taken to develop a rest area with many functions. As in Japan, the concept of “michinoeki” or roadside station was developed to provide comfortable facilities for tourists while resting on their way to main attractions or even making “michinoeki” one of the tourist destinations.


Introduction
The smart rest area here refers to the definition in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works and Housing of the Republic of Indonesia (Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia) 2018, namely Anjungan Cerdas (smart rest area) is an incubation area where apart from being a resting place for national road users it is also intended to accelerate the regional development through the development of tourism, agriculture, capture fisheries, agro-based industries.community empowerment, and medium-small industry.Development of policies on rest areas in response to the rapidly increasing development of road use in line with the construction of toll roads and national roads in Indonesia and especially in Java.Many residents then travel by road for various purposes, for official, family, or even tourism purposes.This opportunity is used by the government to develop a rest area that is linked to the development of the surrounding area.
The development of mass tourism has a considerable impact on sustainable resource management (Miller, Merrilees and Coghlan, 2014.Based on research by Ruschmann 2001, the local-based tourism development model with a sustainability approach involves very complex relationships with various considerations that need to be taken into account.The development of mass tourism with a responsible tourism approach has been implemented in Japan.Yokota together with The World Bank 2004 described the concept of development which was then called "Michinoeki" or roadside stations."Michinoeki" is considered an effective tool in community-driven development and is an infrastructure that can solve social problems and provide direct economic benefits to the surrounding community.The existence of 2 "Michinoeki" can help meet various needs both for visitors/tourists and for local communities.The concept of cluster development based on Cunha and Cunha 2005 has identical characteristics to tourism activities.Especially regarding local-based products and joint actions from various regions involved in the development of a tourism product.One of the keys to successful tourism cluster development is its relatively small agglomeration in the early stages of development and good inter-regional collaboration Nordin, 2003. The development of the tourism sector in Central Java is carried out through the construction of three National Tourism Strategic Areas (KSPN), namely Sangiran, Karimunjawa and Dieng Plateau.Based on the Dieng and Surrounding KSPN Master Plan 2016, the Dieng Plateau was developed with several development strategies, namely the development and strengthening of local potential-based tourist attractions in a sustainable manner, increasing the carrying capacity of the region and the participation of local communities to support tourism, as well as the development of cross-sectoral policies and region.The cross-region is because the Dieng Plateau is located between two districts, namely Banjarnegara Regency and Wonosobo Regency.
This research focuses on the study area in the Dieng and Surrounding Area which is located in Banjarnegara Regency and Wonosobo Regency.The purpose of this research is to formulate concept recommendations in the development of tourism in the Dieng and surrounding area from the transportation aspect.

Literature review
Taken from the Latin "sustineo" which means to hold, bear, support, relieve or extend then interpreted as "to maintain".Barke and Newton 2009 assume that basically tourism is an economic activity that also has environmental and social impacts.Therefore, if tourism in a region wants to be sustainable, it is necessary to maintain the environment and social aspects while maintaining economic growth without reducing the available resources in the future.In line with that, sustainability according to the Brundtland Commission 1987 is the ability to utilize resources so that they can meet the needs of the present and future generations.
Cluster relationships can be seen when there is a pattern with a configuration that generally includes: (i) the concentration of a set of attractive tourist destinations for tourists, (ii) the concentration of tourism service businesses such as restaurants, accommodation, transportation services, souvenir shops and travel agents, (iii) tourism service support sector, (iv) basic infrastructure, (v) synergized government agencies and (vi) standardization of tourism product prices Cunha and Cunha, 2005.According to Kim and Wicks 2010, standardization in tourism development areas is important because there is often competition between sectors where the products offered are actually complementary.For developing regions, tourism clusters act as boosterism for the tourism service industry in the region Kim and Wicks, 2010.
Gunn 1994 divides the spatial physical potential into 3, namely: accessibility, relationship to service centers, and its relation to extracting basic resources.Facilities, including the attractions of a destination that must be located adjacent to the market where increased facilities tend to develop together or after an attraction is developed.Community activities within tourist destinations will influence and determine tourism development based on the theme, design, as well as building height and area density.Hasan 2015 suggests that there are at least 5 (five) tangible and intangible components that must be considered in tourist destinations so that tourists can feel them, as follows: attractions and environment, facilities and services, accessibility, destination image, and price.According to Yoeti 2008, development is a way to advance something.Destination development referred to here is the development of tourism destinations where according to Yoeti 1977 in Sirait, 2009, there are several aspects to its development such as types of tourists, transportation in the area, and tourism facilities e.g.restaurants or places to eat, banks, money changers, tourist information, public security facilities, guard posts, and so on.
It can be concluded that the various aspects that must be considered in tourism development are related to so-called tourism products, namely a number of facilities and services provided and intended for tourists consisting of three components such as resources and facilities available in a tourist destination and transportation which brings tourists from their place of origin to a certain tourist destination Baud Bovy in Yoeti 2002.The main facilities provided at "Michinoeki" are rest facilities, information centers, shops selling local products and restaurants.While the supporting facilities can be in the form of clean public toilets, adequate parking lots, play areas or parks, community rooms, interpretation boards and informative directions to the beautiful natural scenery around it.Following are some of the principles in the development of "Michinoeki" in Japan: (i) located in a small area and presents a view, (ii) selling local products such as vegetables, fruit, and local handicrafts, (iii) providing relaxing and activity areas for refreshing and ( iv) local wisdom, including environmentally friendly."Michinoeki" was developed to provide comfort facilities for tourists when resting on their way to the main attraction or even making "Michinoeki" one of their tourist destinations.The examples of "Michinoeki" can be seen in Figure 1.

Research methods
In this study, a lot of information gathering was done through interviews and convenience observations through the primary survey.This is done because the condition of tourism involves both tangible and intangible things so that extensive observation is needed.Regarding information obtained through interviews and observations, a qualitative approach in the analysis process was also applied in this study.This research studies how the concept of tourism development is considered appropriate and can be applied around the Dieng Plateau, what are the policies of the local government, and tries to find alternatives and solutions to the potentials and problems that the area has based on literature and previous studies.Some of the information collected through interviews with several parties involved, including the Central Java Province Transportation Service, the Wonosobo Regency Tourism Office, the Banjarnegara Regency Tourism Office, the Dieng Plateau Tourism Area Office and tourists who are visiting around Dieng.

Government policies and programs for tourism development in the Dieng area and its surroundings
Tourism is one of the drivers of the economy and the country's foreign exchange earner which is a trigger for the development of the national economy.In the distribution of national tourism development, all tourism areas in Indonesia are grouped into 88 KSPNs, one of which is the National Tourism Strategic Area (KSPN) Dieng and its surroundings covering two districts, namely Banjarnegara Regency and Wonosobo Regency.Potential Tourist Attractions (DTW) found in the Dieng and Surrounding KSPN in the form of uniqueness and authenticity of traditional culture, beauty of landscapes, natural phenomena, historical/cultural heritage which can optimally improve people's welfare which are grouped into natural tourism, cultural and artificial tourism.In figure 2 there is a map of the distribution of DTW in the Dieng KSPN and its surroundings.The policy regarding the regulation of Cultural Heritage Objects in the Dieng Area refers to the Regional Regulation of Central Java Province Number 10 of 2013 concerning the Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage of Central Java Province.In order to preserve and manage cultural heritages which 4 is part of the cultural heritage, the Provincial Government is responsible for regulating the protection, development and utilization of cultural heritage in the form of objects, buildings, structures, sites and areas that need to be managed by the regional government by increasing community participation to protect, develop and utilize cultural heritage.The Preservation and Management of Cultural Heritage has the following objectives: (i) to preserve regional cultural heritage and human heritage, (ii) to maintain local wisdom, (iii) to increase national dignity through Cultural Conservation, (iv) to strengthen national identity, (v) improve people's welfare and (vi) promote regional cultural heritage to the community.Efforts to preserve and manage cultural heritage include (i) protection, (ii) development and (iii) utilization of cultural heritage.Just like the Cultural Heritage Area in general, a zoning system is applied to the Dieng Area which consists of a core zone, buffer zone, development zone and support zone.The core zone is considered to have the highest vulnerability among the other zones.The spatial structure for the development of the Dieng KSPN Region and its Surroundings presents the composition of the KSPN tourism centers and the accessibility network system as well as the general infrastructure of the area which functions as a hierarchical supporter of tourism activities having a functional relationship.The macro space structure plan is divided into three clusters, namely: 1.The western cluster includes Pekalongan Regency and parts of Banjarnegara Regency; 2. The central cluster, namely the Dieng area and its surroundings; 3. The eastern cluster includes Kendal and Temanggung Regencies and parts of Wonosobo Regency.

Potential and problems in the Dieng and its surroundings
The Dieng area and its surroundings have various kinds of traditional processions such as Nyadran Gedhe in Susukan (Banjarnegara), Kuduran culture in Wanayasa (Banjarnegara), Baritan in Dieng, the dreadlocks shaving tradition at the Dieng Cultural Festival which is packaged together with jazz performances above the clouds, traditional art performances, grilled corn, lantern festivals, featured product exhibitions and the Dieng Film Festival.The dreadlocks ritual aims to ask God to remove mala (unfortunate, unlucky) in which the child must be treated by shaving his dreadlocks.After being purified by the community, the child will get safety in his life.In the procession of this ruwatan ceremony, there is acculturation between local traditional values and Islamic values.
Then there is the Serayu Festival in Banjarnegara every two years which focuses on development and conservation.The performance of the cultural sector is shown by the holding of 61 festivals and the increasing number of facilities and infrastructure related to art and culture.The pride event owned by the people of Banjarnegara is the Dieng Culture Festival.This is because this festival is included in the category of the most popular tourism festival in the 2018 Indonesian Tourism Award.In 2019 before Covid-19 pandemic, it was the tenth time that the Dieng Culture Festival event was held Disbudpar District of Banjarnegara, 201).
Based on Government Regulation Number 50 of 2011 concerning the 2010-2025 National Tourism Development Master Plan, it classifies tourist attractions into three categories, namely natural, cultural and man-made tourist attractions.The description of each type of tourist attraction can be seen in the following table.Referring to the categorization of the types of tourist attractions, the tourist attractions in the Dieng area and its surroundings are in table 1.
In addition to tourist attraction as an aspect of tourism development, accessibility that supports the movement of tourists (Lew and McKercher, 2006) from areas of origin to destinations and movements within destinations is also an important aspect in tourism development.Accessibility to the Dieng and Surrounding Areas can be accessed by land because there is no direct access by air or sea.Access by land from big cities such as Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, and other cities to get to the Dieng and Surrounding Areas can be reached using the rail line or the Trans Java Toll Road land route, cross road central and southern causeways.The condition of the road network in the Dieng and Surrounding Areas is generally connected to each bordering district and connected to various tourist attractions in the Dieng and Surrounding Areas.Road conditions in this area are generally asphalt roads with good condition.Some of the damaged roads are local roads and are not arterial roads or primary collector roads.Another problem related to the condition of the road network in this area is the geometric condition of the road which is not wide enough.In addition, on several road sections there were landslides on the location of the cliffs.Along the road, it is relatively equipped with safety facilities in the form of signs of danger and others, direction signs, and public street lighting.The means of transportation used by tourists in the Dieng area and its surroundings are in the form of buses, private vehicles, car rentals, motorbike rentals, and public transportation.This area is still not served by special tourism transportation, but is supported by inter-district public transportation, in the form of city transportation and village transportation which is managed by each regency/city.Types of public transportation other than rural transportation are minibuses in good condition.The availability of public transportation facilities is still fragmented between regencies/cities.For services in the Dieng area, there are tourist ojeg (motorbike) transportation that are strategically located with unspecified routes because they can take tourists to various locations.One of the unique things that Dieng has is that the distance between tourist attractions is quite close together and can be accessed on foot for several locations.There is one point of the parking area that functions as a terminal in the Dieng area, namely the Aswatama Terminal.The Aswatama Terminal is a stopping location for public transportation or tourist transportation in the Dieng area and its surroundings.
Based on the conditions above, accessibility to tourist attractions in the Dieng and surrounding areas is generally quite easy to access because the location of the tourist attractions is around the main road.However, there are several conditions that become obstacles to accessibility, among others, in terms of safety against landslides, or road conditions that still need to be improved.There are several tourist attractions that are quite difficult to reach because the distance is quite far, the terrain that is traversed is in the form of steep hilly roads.One of the components that need to be considered in determining the location of a prioritized tourist attraction is the condition of accessibility and mileage.

Alternative concept of tourism development in the Dieng area and its surroundings
The existence of several alternative accessibility to Dieng is a form of complementary tourism development.Collaboration is needed between related government agencies and standardization of tourism product prices to avoid competition and achieve sustainability.Provision of basic infrastructure is a criterion that needs to be considered in inter-cluster connectivity or relationships.
Because accessibility to the Dieng areas which is in the enclave area still encounters limitations, steps are taken to develop a smart rest area.Like "Michinoeki" in Japan, smart pavilions are locations that can be used for rest and have leisure functions.In addition, it can strengthen the economy of the local community and the region as a whole.The existence of a smart rest area is also expected to become a medium for promotion, marketing and sales of local economic products in regional/national markets Kastenholz, et al., 2018.According to the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing 2016 the criteria for the location of the smart rest area can be divided into three categories, namely best spot, has leisure potential, distance between platforms: minimum 40 km (1-2 hours drive) as a rest area, and multifunction, not only as a local economic outlet but also a place to rest.
Based on these criteria, 2 (two) points were determined to be smart area in the Dieng area and its surroundings, namely Curug Sinoman (Kalibening District, Banjarnegara Regency) and Aswatama Terminal (Batur District, Banjarnegara Regency) (figure 2).The objectives of developing tourism through an alternative concept of developing rest areas in the form of smart pavilions have several important points, namely extending the length of stay of tourists, encouraging greater spending of tourists in the Dieng area and its surroundings, helping the distribution of tourists and the economic benefits of tourism and increasing sustainability of tourism products.This can be achieved through developing tourism resources and increasing tourist attractions in the Dieng area and its surroundings.Tourism resource development is to introduce attractions and attractions that are less well known in the tourism business, while tourist attraction enhancement is to increase the overall priority attraction of the destination.
At Curug Sinoman there is a fairly wide plain which merges with hilly areas so that it is almost similar to that found at Karamushiori no sato Showa, one of the "Michinoeki" locations in Japan.The distance from Curug Sinoman to Terminal Aswatama is 36.8km and takes approximately 1 hour 28 minutes.Meanwhile, the Aswatama Terminal is a representative point to become a transit area for tourists who want to visit tourist destinations in the Dieng area.Several facilities that support the existence of a smart pavilion such as toilets, places of worship, and stalls with local sellers are already available.

Conclusion
Travel distance, travel time and terrain conditions covered are included in the accessibility aspect which can be used as an approach in determining the location of rest areas.In principle, determining the location of rest area points is adjusted to the needs of road operators and tourist destinations by taking into account the main function of providing rest areas.The main functions including the availability of parking lots, seats, toilets, restaurants, places of worship and views.To determine the location based on the distance between rest areas, which is a minimum distance of 40 Km taking into account the driver's travel time.The main function of developing tourist destinations through the development of rest areas is to provide comfort for tourists who take long journeys in order to reach the Dieng Plateau Tourism Area so that it will also affect the length of stay and spending at the destination and the surrounding areas.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Existing Rest Area in the Dieng and Surrounding Areas

Table 1 .
Tourist Attraction in Dieng based on the Categorization of Attraction Types