Evaluation of collaborative water governance in the Cinambo Sub-watershed, Bandung City (case study: Wetland Park Cisurupan)

The “Wetland Park Cisurupan” Retention Area development program is one of the multi-stakeholder collaboration programs in the Cinambo Sub-watershed initiated by Bandung City Public Works Agency. This retention area is expected to reduce water runoff to Gedebage Sub-Region. Collaborative governance efforts carried out at Wetland Park Cisurupan need to be evaluated to serve as lessons for stakeholders and as follow-up recommendations. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the extent to which the Cisurupan Wetland Park development program in the context of the cinambo sub-watershed has implemented the principles of collaborative water governance. To achieve this goal, this research uses qualitative descriptive methods. Data processing uses data sourced from primary data, namely observation, interviews, collecting big data from social media in the form of WhatsApp chat groups “Cisurupan Temporer”, “Strategic plan Cisurupan”, and “Cisurupan 4 october” as well as Instagram posts with the hashtag #wetlandparkcisurupan, interviews, then secondary data from government agencies and the internet. Based on the measurement of 23 indicators of collaborative water governance in the sub-watershed, it can be concluded that the Wetland Park Cisurupan program is sufficient to meet the principles of collaborative water governance in the sub-watershed. Communication between stakeholders in this collaboration, which is seen from WhatsApp and Instagram, is considered effective for coordination, increasing public participation, and avoiding latent conflicts becoming manifest by being open to the collaboration process. Facilitative leadership is one of the keys to consistency in collaborative governance.


Introduction
The development of the Gedebage Primary Center is one of the Bandung City Government development policy priorities with an investment of Rp11,954 trillion.The development of this area is very important, because it is intended to encourage the development of the eastern part of Bandung City in order to reduce the burden on the West Bandung area and the old Bandung City Primary City Center (the main square and its surroundings).Since 2006, the Bandung City Government has opened opportunities for investors to invest in this area.All investors must refer to the Gedebage master plan (Budiman, 2011).More specifically, within the Gedebage sub-district there is a large-scale land

Collaborative Urban Water Governance
This section will explain the theory of water governance, collaborative governance, watershed management, and research variables.

Water Governance
The principles of handling water-related problems have developed since 1977.Starting from water management, finally the urgency of water management emerged.Mar del Plata (1977) discusses the need for an integrated approach to water management.Conference of Dublin (1992) suggests a greater focus on the economic dimensions of water management.Equitable access to water was emphasized in Paris in 1998 & Bonn in 2001 together with calls for greater recognition of the social value of water.From the Millennium Assembly Conference in 2000, there emerged a greater recognition of the social value of water and human rights (MDG;SDG in 2015).Furthermore, in 2002, The Global Water Partnership (GWP) and the United Nations have called for improved water governance and policy integration and acknowledgment that implementing Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) is proving to be more difficult than imagined & stressing the importance of acting both within and outside outside the "water box" (Australian Water School, 2019).
Often a water crisis is a water governance crisis; managing the risks of too much, too little, and too polluted water will be more challenging if roles and responsibilities are not clearly allocated, stakeholders are not involved, information is not shared and capacities are not made available.More fully, the OECD (2016) defines the definition of water governance: "a set of administrative systems, with a primary focus on formal institutions (laws, official policies) and informal institutions (relationships and practices of power) and their organizational structure and efficiency".Thus, governance is not synonymous with government (government), and different from water management (water management) which refers to operational activities.Governance is successful when it can address water-related challenges.Challenges in water management, especially in urban areas, are of concern to many parties.More than half of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and most of population growth over the next four decades is expected to occur in urban areas (UN DESA 2014).This is a major challenge for the management of water resources, the provision of water and sanitation services, and environmental conservation (OECD, 2016).
Based on research from Akhmouch & Correia (2016), on 4 June 2015 the OECD Ministerial Council introduced the "OECD Principles on Water Governance" or can be interpreted as "OECD Principles on Water Governance".This principle is one of the most tangible and high-quality results of the Water Governance Initiative (WGI) activities carried out 2 years since 2013.The Water Governance Initiative is a multi-stakeholder platform with more than 100 delegates from the public, private and non-profit sectors convening twice within a year in policy forums.This new guidance for policymakers is rooted in six years of work on multi-level water policy governance at the OECD, and more recently in the areas of stakeholder engagement, governance and performance of water services, watershed governance, and integrity and transparency.
The principles are grouped into three main driving objectives for water governance (OECD, 2016), namely effectiveness, efficiency, and ability to generate trust and engagement.The formulation of these principles can be an inspiration for action for better water governance at all levels of government and various stakeholders involved in the design and implementation of water policies.

Collaborative Governance
Good governance refers to the concept of good governance.In Indonesia, good governance began to be recognized more deeply in 1990 as an important discourse that emerged in various discussions, research, and seminars, both within the government, the private business world, and society, including academics.In general, good governance is defined as the quality of the relationship between the government and the people it serves and protects.Therefore, in the public sector, governance is defined as a process of good governance by involving policy makers, in various economic, social and political activities, and the utilization of various resources such as natural, financial and human resources for the benefit of the people carried out in a manner adheres to the principles of justice, equity, equality.
Several years after the implementation of Good Governance, external challenges or obstacles emerged that could not be handled only with the concept of Good Governance.Therefore, the concept of Adaptive Governance emerged.In this concept, the principles of governance are applied with reference to environmental changes that occur.The concept of Adaptive Governance is considered capable of facing external challenges with the integration of Science, Policy, and Decision Making (Brunner, 2005, in Smith, 2006).
The changing role of the government in executing policies and providing public services in a world that is always changing, full of various challenges to deal with globalization and the continuous development of cutting-edge technology, thus changing the concept of governance that has been known to be static to be dynamic.This concept is known as Dynamic Governance.The challenge itself is actually dynamic, influenced by many integrated decisions, involves a continuous and gradual learning/adaptation process, and requires proper implementation (Neo & Chen, 2007).
Then, Ansell & Gash (2008) in their writings explained a new strategy of government, namely collaborative governance.Collaborative governance is a form of governance that involves various stakeholders simultaneously in a forum with government officials to make joint decisions (Ansell and Alison).

Watershed Management
Based on research from Suprayogi et al. (2013), Integrated Watershed Management is a holistic approach in managing natural resources that aims to improve people's lives in managing natural resources in a sustainable manner.In the highlands, the rainfall that falls will flow and gather in several ditches, tributaries, and then into a river.The entire area that provides water to these tributaries and rivers is a catchment area, known as a watershed.In the watershed there is a series of processes for collecting, storing, mooring, and distributing water, all of which become the character and behavior of the river regime which is divided into upstream and downstream areas which have biophysical links through the hydrological cycle (Suprayogi et al., 2013).
The upstream watershed is characterized as a conservation area, while the downstream watershed is a utilization area.The upstream watershed has an important meaning, especially in terms of protecting the function of the water system, therefore any activity in the upstream area will have an impact on the downstream area in the form of changes in discharge fluctuations and transport of sediment and dissolved materials in the water flow system.In other words, the upstream has the function of protecting the entire watershed.Therefore, upstream watershed management is often the focus of attention in a watershed.The upstream and downstream linkages of a watershed have biophysical linkages through the hydrological cycle, this is the basis for the use of the watershed as a logical planning and evaluation of the implementation of integrated watershed management programs.
It is a mistake to assume that watershed management is only based on physical linkages.In fact, a sustainable watershed management plan requires that there be linkages between social, economic, cultural elements, with elements related to ecosystems and other technologies involved in management.Therefore, watershed planning and management should be carried out by a team consisting of various fields of knowledge related to aspects of resources, including human resources.In the management application carried out by all relevant stakeholders, there is a need for monitoring and evaluation so that it is always in a condition that is in accordance with sustainable integrated watershed management standards.

Research variable
After conducting a literature study on theory and previous research on water governance, collaborative governance, and watershed management, the research variables can be determined.This variable will then be developed in target analysis 1, which will be an evaluation tool for the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.

Study area
Floods that hit the downstream areas of the city of Bandung, one of which is Gedebage, are problems that need to be addressed in order to prepare Gedebage as a new primary growth center.The flood mitigation program in the Cinambo Sub-watershed involves various stakeholders, and some of them apply the principles of collaborative governance.The focus of flood mitigation is the construction of retention ponds and repair of critical land in the upper reaches of the city of Bandung.It is important to look at the upstream and downstream contexts of the Cinambo watershed in the topographical map (Figure 3).The flood mitigation programs carried out included the construction of retention ponds (Wetland Park Cisurupan, Rancabolang Gedebage Retention Ponds), rehabilitation of critical lands (Mbah Celeng Hill, Mbah Garut Hill), infiltration wells, pore drums, etc.The programs discussed in this study are limited to programs for building retention ponds and rehabilitation of critical lands that apply the principles of collaborative governance.This research takes Wetland Park Cisurupan as a case study to illustrate the collaborative governance that has been carried out in flood governance and for future learning.Wetland Park Cisurupan is a program with the most stakeholders, including academics/experts, government, community and media.The number of stakeholders involved is the main factor in selecting the study area.
Overall, this study applies a qualitative approach.The research method used is the case study method.Case studies are part of a qualitative method that seeks to explore a particular case in more depth by involving the collection of various sources of information.Creswell defines a case study as an exploration of bounded systems or cases.An interesting case to study because of the unique features of the case which have meaning to other people, at least to the researcher.According to Patton, a case study is a study of the specificity and complexity of a single case and attempts to understand the case in a particular context, situation and time.With this method, researchers are expected to capture the complexity of the case.The case must be unique, special, and important.
Research instrument used to assist researchers in collecting data in this study are interviews, observation, and documentation.Interviews were conducted with parties involved in the governance of the Cinambo Sub-watershed.Observations were carried out by participant-observation, in which the researcher was present in the midst of the informants and carried out various activities together while recording the required information.In the Cisurupan Wetland Park program, the position of the researcher is also one of the representatives of the Pilar Tunas Nusa Lestari Foundation (YTN).However, when the research began, the researcher positioned the role as a neutral party who was not involved in any agency or organization to avoid being subjective in research.

Data collection
This study uses data sources that are categorized into two types, namely primary data and secondary data.Primary data collection is done by observation and questionnaires.Secondary data was obtained from documents related to water governance in the Cinambo Sub-watershed.

Primary Data
The process of collecting primary data in this study was carried out using the primary survey method, including observation, interviews with key actors related to water governance in the Cinambo watershed, and collection of big data on WhatsApp and Instagram social media.

A. Observation
In this study, observation was used to observe the collaboration process in the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.Researchers who make observations are researchers observing and recording events, incidents, poses, and the like accompanied by a list that needs to be observed.As for the usefulness of this observation method, at least the researcher gets a glimpse of the object under study.In this research, researchers used the observation method by directly observing the construction and development of the Cisurupan Wetland Park, as one of the YTN representatives.Sugiyono (2007) stated that there are three types of interviews, namely structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews.In this study, the interview technique used was semi-structured interviews.This interview is included in the category of in-depth interviews which are carried out more freely, where the interview guidelines are systematic but questions can be further developed to obtain detailed information.The purpose of this interview is to find problems more openly from the source.When conducting interviews, researchers need to listen and record carefully what is stated by the informant.Interview resource persons can be seen in Table.C. Big Data According to Curry (2016), the emergence of a new wave of data from various sources, such as the Internet of Things, Sensor Networks, Open Data on the Web, data from mobile applications, social network data, along with the natural growth of data sets within organizations (Manyika et al., 2011), created a demand for new data management strategies that can cope with the scale of this new data environment.Big data is a growing field where innovative technologies offer new ways to reuse and extract value from information.

B. Interview
Big Data brings together a series of data management challenges for working with complex data.Many of these challenges are not new.What is new however is the challenge posed by the specific characteristics of big data related to the 3 Vs: 1. Volumes (amount of data): dealing with large scales of data in data processing (e.g.Global Supply Chain, Global Financial Analysis, Large Hadron Collider).2. Velocity (data rate): deals with high-frequency streams of incoming real-time data (e.g.
Sensors, Pervasive Environments, E-Commerce, Internet of Things).3. Variety (different data types/sources): dealing with data using different syntactic formats (e.g. Spreadsheet, XML, DBMS), schemas, and meanings (e.g.Enterprise Data Integration).In this study, the big data collected was from social media WhatsApp and Instagram, which are the community media between stakeholders.WhatsApp big data can be accessed because researcher are directly involved in the WhatsApp group as members (participants) who is the representative of YTN.
Instagram is one of the fastest growing social networks in history (Oktavia, nd).An Instagram post with the hashtag #wetlandparkcisurupan is an Instagram post that contains the hashtag #wetlandparkcisurupan in the caption.Posts with the hashtag #wetlandparkcisurupan can be interpreted as the account user who posted wants to share his post with the wider community.The use of hashtags is also usually done to increase the engagement of the post.Napoli (2011) emphasized that engagement is often seen as an indicator of effectiveness.

Secondary Data Collection
This technique is carried out to obtain secondary data in the form of literature documents related to research topics, namely water governance, collaborative governance, and watersheds.In addition, documents are also used to provide basic information, policies and other relevant information.The data collected comes from the authorized agency.This secondary data collection was carried out by means of a literature and agency survey.
The literature survey was conducted online via the internet, to find out the development of theory and data on the case studies raised.Meanwhile, the agency survey aims to collect documents related to the data needed for this research.

A. Literature Study
The literature study was carried out to achieve the first objective of the research, namely to build an evaluation model consisting of a set of criteria, indicators and benchmarks.Creswell (2009) in Sarumaha (2020) states literature study as a technique of summarizing studies conducted after first determining a topic, where the literature provides a framework for thinking about a topic.Literature studies were carried out on various previous studies on Water Governance, Collaborative Governance, and Watershed Management to formulate criteria and indicators which will then be used to evaluate the achievement of the Cisurupan Wetland Park program against the principles of Collaborative Water Governance in Sub-Watersheds.
The stages for formulating criteria and indicators are carried out similarly to the oldest evaluation model, namely the objective-based evaluation model, where evaluation objectives are translated into indicators (Wirawan, 2011, in Sarumaha, 2020).In accordance with the scope of this research, the indicators for Collaborative Water Governance are limited to the purpose of evaluating collaborative practices which are expected to be a consideration for the preparation of a collaborative water governance model in the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.

B. Python analysis
This technique is carried out to change the export results of WhatsApp big data chat which has a .txtformat to excel.WhatsApp big data processing with python as follows: 1. Export WhatsApp chats WhatsApp chat export can be done if we are part of the personal chat or group chat.Open the WhatsApp chat that you want to export data from, then click the three dots, select More, then Export Chat.After that, the option to Export Chat with or without Media (Photos, GIFs, etc.) appears.Select Export Chat with Media for text and image/gif/video data, or Export Chat without media if you want to analyze text only.Then, there will be many options for sending export chat results.In this study, export chat data was sent via e-mail so that the data archive is stored properly.The type of document from the downloaded WhatsApp chat is Text Document (.txt).

WhatsApp chat data processing in Python
To facilitate data analysis, documents in txt format need to be processed into excel format.That way, chat classification can be set to "Date" (date chat or action was taken), "Time" (time chat or action was sent), "Name" (name of actor who sent chat or performed an action), "Message" (message and/or media delivered, or actions taken).The action in question is to create a group chat, add personnel to the group chat, remove personnel from the group chat, and leave the group chat.
The process of converting WhatsApp data into Excel is done using the Python programming language.In this study, the Jupyter Notebook software included in the Anaconda software package was used to be able to run python.The steps taken are as follows: -Download the .ipynbfile that has been created specifically for converting WhatsApp .txtdocuments to Excel (source: https://pythonandvba.com/).-Adjust the code that has been downloaded from https://pythonandvba.com/ for analysis needs.

D. Content Analysis
Content analysis presents a new perspective, enhances the researcher's understanding of a particular phenomenon or informs the researcher of a practical course of action.The techniques used in conducting content analysis are highly recommended for their reliability to be able to produce findings that can be replicated (Sarumaha, 2020).

E. Measurement Analysis
Fulfillment of the third target is carried out by analyzing the measurement of the implementation of the Cisurupan Wetland Park program on the achievement of the principles of Collaborative Water Governance in Sub-Watersheds based on the average score.

Assessment of achievement indicators
Total points achieved / All benchmark points x 100% = …% The percentage results for each indicator will be grouped into 4 categories which can be seen in table:  The results of the conclusions are then described descriptively, by adding the results of interviews, observations, etc.

Result and Discussion
This chapter describes the results of the identification of criteria and indicators from Collaborative Water Governance in the Sub-watershed, followed by a description of Collaborative Water Governance practices in the Wetland Park Cisurupan case study in the context of the Cinambo Subwatershed, as well as an analysis of measurement of achievement of Collaborative Water Governance principles in the Wetland case study.Park Cisurupan.Finally, the findings for each research objective will be discussed.

Collaborative Water Governance Criteria and Indicators
In order to measure the program's achievement of the principles of Collaborative Water Governance in Sub Watersheds (DAS), a literature study was carried out on various previous theories and research.Literature search keywords consisted of "Water Governance", "Collaborative Governance", "Collaborative Water Governance", and "Watershed Management".
From the variables that have been determined, criteria, indicators and benchmarks are formulated for assessing the achievement of the Cisurupan Wetland Park program in the context of the Cinambo Sub-watershed against the principles of Collaborative Water Governance in the Cisurupan Subwatershed.The formulated variables, criteria, indicators and benchmarks are listed in table 7. It can be concluded that each stakeholder is not comprehensive in every communication platform.Stakeholders who are on each platform are the Public Works Office of the City of Bandung, the Tunas Nusa Foundation (YTN) and the School Principal Working Conference (MMKS).The Bandung City DPU as the leading sector seeks to oversee the process of running the program from start to finish, invites the general public to participate, and convey field progress openly.Second, YTN as a community that is a bridge between the Service and the community should be on all communication platforms.YTN also made the WA Cisurupan Temporary group, the Cisurupan Strategic plan, and October 4th Cisurupan, because YTN's function is a facilitator of development.
Stakeholder participation in the program can also be seen on the WhatsApp group, especially the Cisurupan Temporer WhatsApp group.The following is the contribution of each stakeholder in the whatsapp group: It can be seen that stakeholders from the YTN community contributed the most and stakeholders from the government, especially the Bandung City Public Works Service.The contribution in question is messages, images, other media that are sent, or can be in the form of actions such as creating a group, adding members.From YTN, especially YTN_01 made the biggest contribution to the group.This is because YTN as a facilitator must build cooperation among the members involved.Facilitative leadership Based on observations and WhatsApp data, it can be seen that the leader of the Cisurupan Wetland Park program has never been definitively appointed because the agency is still unstructured.However, during the collaboration process, the Tunas Nusa Foundation (YTN) became an intermediary between actors, guiding the collaboration, initiating collaborative activities, and facilitating the Cisurupan Strategic Planning Workshop.This is in accordance with the ideal concept of facilitative leadership which should not take sides with one party, act as a mediator, and have no personal interests.

Collaborative Process
Collaboration in the Development of Retention Areas starts from Regional Planning to the present.Implementation of activities with a mutual cooperation is the best choice for the implementation of development plans and goals that involve the community.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Watershed Governance
The results of the evaluation by the DPKLTS will be taken into consideration by the DPU as a technical service in determining the next steps after the construction of the Cisurupan Wetland Park.
On the basis of the evaluation and several other considerations, the DPU carried out a program to plant critical land in the upstream area of Bandung City, which is at a higher level than the Cisurupan Wetland Park.The critical land planting program in question is Mbah Celeng Hill and Mbah Garut Hill.The program also involves various stakeholders, but it is not as complex as the Cisurupan Wetland Park program because the area is smaller and technically the construction is easy.
Then, DPKLTS also made recommendations for the structure of the Cisurupan Wetland Park development model so that it is sustainable, with the Dynamic Sensitivity Analytical Hierarchy Process.The aim of the model is Cisurupan Retention Area which functions as a flood infrastructure, becomes a positive added value for both Cisurupan and downstream.In maintaining the consistency of the program, the DPU as the leading sector continues to carry out joint maintenance with Citarum Harum Sector 22.

Measurement of the Achievement of the Cisurupan Wetland Park Program against the Principles of Collaborative Water Governance
First, the measurement is carried out by pairing the indicators & benchmarks table then given a percentage.The measurement results can be seen in table: The goal of Wetland Park Cisurupan as an infrastructure for improving the water governance system as well as ecotourism has yet to be reviewed, whether it has been achieved or not

Not achieved
The process will run according to the agreed collaboration flow The collaboration process has been running according to the collaborative flow that has been agreed at the Cisurupan Strategic Planning Workshop Achieved

O. Land use There is monitoring of land use (protection and cultivation)
There is periodic monitoring of land use, for example changes in land use in the upstream area of the Cinambo Sub-watershed, so that follow-up actions are taken to restore critical land Achieved 2 of 2 benchmark points achieved.

Score = 3
There is an evaluation of land use (protection and cultivation) An evaluation of the land use of the Ciloa Watershed (a tributary of the Cinambo Subwatershed, is in the upstream) by DPKLTS

Achieved P. Vegetation cover There is monitoring of vegetation cover
There is periodic monitoring of vegetation cover in the upstream area of Cinambo, resulting in the construction of Bukit Mbah Celeng and Bukit Mbah Garut Achieved 2 of 2 benchmark points achieved.

Score = 3
There is an evaluation of vegetation cover An evaluation of vegetation cover has been carried out by YTN and DPU

There is monitoring of land management and productivity
There is regular monitoring of land management and productivity in the upstream area of Cinambo, namely the existence of livestock which causes kohe problems that pollute the river.Therefore, a Compost House was built to convert the cohes into organic fertilizer.
In addition, supervision was also carried out in the downstream area of Cinambo, so that the Rancabolang retention pond was built Achieved 1 of 2 benchmark points achieved.

Score = 2
There is an evaluation of land management and productivity There has not yet been an evaluation of land management and productivity Not achieved

R. Erosion and landslides
There is monitoring of erosion and landslides Regular monitoring of erosion and landslides is carried out in the Cisurupan Wetland Park area, so that areas prone to landslides are reinforced with gabions Achieved 1 of 2 benchmark points achieved.

Score = 2
There is an evaluation of erosion and landslides There has not been an evaluation of land erosion and landslides

Conclusion
The conclusion chapter explains conclusions and the research findings based on the results of the discussion and analysis that has been done.Furthermore, recommendations for follow-up on collaborative water governance in Wetland Park Cisurupan were presented.
From the results of a literature study on water governance, collaborative governance and watershed management, 23 indicators were formulated to become evaluation tools for the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.Then, the results of collecting primary data obtained from observations, interviews, and big data, can describe the practice of collaborative water governance in the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.The descriptions of these practices are presented sequentially according to the research variables, namely stakeholders, initial conditions of collaboration, institutions, facilitative leadership, collaborative processes, and monitoring and evaluation of watershed governance.The results of objectives 1 and 2 become material for the final objective, namely evaluating the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.From the results of research on collaborative water governance in the Cinambo Subwatershed with the Cisurupan Wetland Park case study, the following findings can be obtained: 1.A program carried out with limited resources, be it financial, human, etc. can be overcome by collaboration.2. Limited data, information, and involvement of experts at the planning stage has an impact on the risk of technical damage.3. Communication between stakeholders, which is the main point of collaboration, as seen from WhatsApp and Instagram, is considered effective for coordination, increasing public participation, and avoiding latent conflict, which manifests itself in the openness of the collaboration process.4. Facilitative leadership is one of the keys to consistency in collaborative governance.

Recommendations
From the conclusions it has been stated that the Cisurupan Wetland Park program is sufficient to fulfill the principles of collaborative water governance, but for the sustainability of the program in the future, the following follow-up is recommended: • The need for increased participation from Academics and Experts, as well as the involvement of the private sector for the preparation of a sustainable collaboration model.laut-dpl-menurut-kecamatan-di-kota-bandung-2017.html

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Topographical and Cross-Sectional Map of the Cinambo Basin -Import data .txt-Read data -Clean up data -Create data frames -.txt document successfully converted to Excel format C. Stakeholder Analysis To reach second objective, a stakeholder analysis was carried out by identifying the stakeholders involved in the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.Identification of stakeholders is done by observation and interviews.Stakeholders are seen from the pentahelix theory which consists of Academic (A), Business (B), Community (C), Government (G), and Media (M) or commonly abbreviated as ABCGM.Then, all stakeholders are mapped to see collaboration networks.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Stakeholder contributions in the Cisurupan Temporer WhatsApp group , the DPU as the leading sector seeks to invite other parties to collaborate.This is exactly in accordance with previous research, that collaborative governance begins with limited resources.Then, the history prior to collaboration is listed in the book "Public Works and Collaborative Spaces' written by the Head of the Bandung City Public Works Office.Apart from that, the interviewees also asked the sources how the collaboration started.The flow of collaboration can be seen in Figure V.1 Collaboration Network, which shows the expansion of the network of relationships between stakeholders.InstitutionalThe institutional framework for the Cisurupan Wetland Park program has not been clearly formulated, but what is certain is that openness in participation has been demonstrated.This can be seen from the Instagram data @wetlandparkcisurupan, the official Instagram which shares the progress of the construction of Wetland Park Cisurupan.For example, see the Figure7.

Table 1 .
Research Variable, Conceptual Definition and Operational Definition.
The Cinambo sub-watershed which is part of the Upper Citarum watershed contributed significantly to the flooding in Gedebage.The study area is limited to the Cinambo sub-watershed which is in the city of Bandung to focus on research problems.

Table 3 .
Categories of the achievement of the Collaborative Water Governance principlesAfter all indicators have been assessed for their achievement of the principles of Collaborative Water Governance in the Sub-watershed, the results will be summarized in a table of indicator achievements in the Cisurupan Wetland Park program as shown in table 6:

Table 5 .
Sub-watershed Collaborative Governance criteria, indicator, and benchmarkThis analysis is used to process WhatsApp data in .txtformatintoexcel so that it is easy for the process of stakeholder analysis and content analysis of collaborative water governance practices in the Cisurupan Wetland Park program.The results of data processing with Python can be seen in Appendix C. For Instagram big data, it is done by searching the hashtag #wetlandparkcisurupan (Appendix D) to get Instagram posts that have been selected according to data needs.B.Stakeholder AnalysisBased on an analysis of WhatsApp, Instagram big data, interviews, and reports on the Cisurupan Wetland Park program, it is possible to identify the stakeholders involved.The results of the analysis show that stakeholders come from elements of government agencies (government), community or society (community), academics or experts (academy), radio/TV/newspapers (media).Stakeholders who have not been involved are the private sector/entrepreneurs (business).

Table 6 .
Collaborative Process; time and activity