Exploring Waste Processing Technology in Animal Husbandry Practices among Millennial Farmers in Sleman District

Integrated sustainable agricultural systems prioritize the return of all generated byproducts to nature, aiming to prevent degradation of vital resources like land and water while minimizing environmental impact. This study delves into the adoption of waste processing technology within the domain of animal husbandry farming among millennial farmers in Sleman district. Utilizing qualitative and literature study methods, the research unveils the current practices of millennial farmers in the area regarding waste management in various animal husbandry categories. The findings indicate a proactive approach among millennial farmers, showcasing the implementation of technology in processing waste from different animal husbandry segments. In the case of large animal husbandry, waste is harnessed for both biogas production and organic fertilizer. Small animal husbandry operations exhibit a practice of repurposing waste into valuable organic fertilizer. Similarly, poultry farming operations in the region demonstrate a commitment to sustainability by converting waste into organic fertilizer. This research sheds light on the positive strides made by millennial farmers in Sleman district towards integrating innovative waste processing technologies into their animal husbandry practices, contributing to both environmental conservation and agricultural sustainability. This conclusion underscores the diversity in the strategies employed for the implementation of animal husbandry waste processing technology, with various approaches taken depending on the type of animal husbandry owned by millennial farmers.


Introduction
Integrated sustainable agricultural systems prioritize the return of all generated byproducts to nature, aiming to prevent degradation of vital resources like land and water while minimizing environmental impact [1].Agriculture is a vital sector in the Indonesian economy, not only providing food needs but also making a significant contribution to employment opportunities.In recent years, there has been a demographic shift among farmers, with millennial farmers actively engaging in agricultural ventures.Sleman Regency, known for its fertility and high agricultural potential in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, is experiencing this phenomenon.
One of the main challenges faced by farmers, including millennial farmers in Sleman Regency, is the management of animal husbandry waste.The participation of millennial farmers is crucial in the management of animal husbandry waste.The concept of participation involves actively engaging the community from the planning stage to the evaluation phase.[2]The rapid growth of animal husbandry farming is often accompanied by an increase in the amount of animal husbandry waste, which, if not managed properly, can have negative impacts on the environment and public health.Animal husbandry waste processing technology emerges as a crucial solution to mitigate these negative effects.The implementation of animal husbandry waste processing technology not only provides benefits in managing waste more efficiently but also has the potential to add value to agricultural production.Millennial farmers, with greater access to technology and information, have the potential to be key players in adopting this technology.Therefore, this research will focus on understanding and implementing the adoption of animal husbandry waste processing technology among millennial farmers in Sleman Regency.Traditional farming husbandry heavily depend on labor-intensive activities and basic farming technology for tasks like planting, harvesting, and processing grains, as well as tending to animals.However, the workforce falls short in meeting the substantial demand for crops and animal husbandry, prompting the evolution of the industry.This has led to a shift towards contemporary farming practices that prioritize reduced physical labor and increased adoption of digital transformation technologies.[3] By understanding the level of technology adoption, the influencing factors, and its impacts on environmental and economic sustainability, this research aims to provide valuable insights for farmers, stakeholders, and relevant parties to enhance the effectiveness of animal husbandry waste management in Sleman Regency.Through increased awareness and the implementation of appropriate technology, it is hoped that millennial farmers can make a positive contribution to achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture in the future.
The factors influencing technology adoption include the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, institutional factors, technology characteristics, the use of production facilities, technology costs, technical implementation of production technology, risk, communication networks, extension agents, and technical efficiency.The magnitude of the influence of each factor varies and determines the direction of the decision to adopt a technology.[1] The concept of circular development in agriculture and animal husbandry, within the framework of sustainable development, emphasizes cleaner production, circular economy, and environmental wellbeing.Cleaner production involves the rational and efficient use of practical technologies, methods, and resources to enhance resource utilization efficiency.This approach focuses on reducing, recycling, and harmlessly treating waste resources, playing a crucial role in sustainable development.The cleaner production in agriculture and animal husbandry encompasses a repeated clean process throughout the production source, process, and end, aiming for waste minimization, maximized resource utilization, and environmentally friendly treatment.[4] The indicate that more than 60% of the respondents, who are animal husbandry farmers, expressed the need for technology to process animal waste, specifically feces and urine, into biogas, liquid fertilizer, and compost/barn manure.However, it appears that animal husbandry farmers are not wellinformed about this technology.The processing of animal husbandry waste is crucial considering its significant impact on the environment.Through proper animal husbandry waste management, animal husbandry farming businesses can contribute to sustainable development.Handling and utilizing animal husbandry waste represent innovations in waste management.An innovation, however, is only effective when it is adopted.The connection between the sustainability of resources and the environment and the human happiness index is significant.Achieving the integration of reducing, minimizing, and optimizing animal husbandry resources is crucial.It involves realizing the integrated development focused on minimizing pollution emissions, maximizing production, and maximizing economic benefits.Furthermore, it is important to effectively encourage the coordinated development and harmonious relationship between the economic development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the construction of the ecological environment.[5]This study delves into the adoption of waste processing technology within the domain of animal husbandry farming among millennial farmers in Sleman district.

Methodology of the study
This research was conducted in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province, with a total of 30 millennial farmers.Utilizing qualitative and literature study methods, the research unveils the current practices of millennial farmers in the area regarding waste management in various animal husbandry categories.
To ensure a sample that accurately represents the population, a meticulous and systematic selection process was utilized when choosing farmers for the survey.The primary goal of the research was to include a diverse range of participants with various perspectives and experiences, thereby enhancing the credibility and dependability of the study's outcomes.Suitable participants were identified based on criteria such as the size of the farm, diversity of crops, production methods, and socio-economic factors [6].
A sample size deemed adequate for elucidating the economic, social, and environmental bio-physical diversity within agrosystems in the study area.This chosen group spans the entire study region, ensuring a comprehensive portrayal of agricultural practices and conditions.This facilitates a meaningful analysis and inference, instills confidence in the study's results, and contributes to a holistic understanding of the diversity within the region's agrosystems.[7] The study utilized a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods to gather a comprehensive set of information about the farms in the region.For the qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis was employed, involving careful review and categorization of data from interviews, observations, and questionnaires to identify recurring patterns and themes related to farmers' experiences and challenges.This approach provided a deeper understanding of the farmers' perspectives.The findings from the qualitative analysis were then integrated with the quantitative data, which offered measurable indicators of various aspects.

Result and Discussion
This research indicates that the adoption of animal husbandry waste processing technology among millennial farmers in Sleman Regency has increased, aligning with their awareness of environmental impacts and economic opportunities.The distribution of animal husbandry among millennial farmers.

Figure 1. Distribution Animal Husbandry among Milenial Farmers in Sleman District
From the research findings, it is observed that the duration of animal husbandry among millennial farmers ranges from 1 to 6 years.Based on the research findings, it was discovered that millennial farmers involved in animal husbandry have a business tenure ranging from 1 to 6 years.This means that the majority of them have been engaged in the field of animal husbandry for this period.In this context, the duration of the animal husbandry business can reflect several factors.Some factors that may influence the duration of the animal husbandry business include the level of business success, challenges faced, adaptability to changes, managerial skills, and external factors such as changes in government policies or market conditions.
If the duration of the animal husbandry business is relatively short, it may indicate that millennial farmers are just starting their businesses or facing significant challenges in their business journey.Conversely, farmers with longer experience may have successfully overcome various obstacles and 30% 43% 27% large animal husbandry small animal husbandry poultry found sustainability in their animal husbandry enterprises.By evaluating the duration of millennial farmers' animal husbandry businesses, the research provides insights into the dynamics of the animal husbandry industry, changes experienced by young business players, and the factors influencing the sustainability of their ventures.The most influential factor in increasing participation lies in the farming experience, particularly the duration of farming and the intensity of engaging in organic fertilizer production activities [2] Both large and small animal husbandry generate solid and liquid waste (from feces and urine), while poultry waste mainly consists of solid waste.Approximately 60% of millennial farmers are already utilizing a composting system to manage animal husbandry waste, with a designated area for waste accumulation.However, 61% of these millennial farmers lack a specific system for waste collection.Of this group, 18% use pens with specialized flooring for waste collection, and 21% employ a centralized waste collection system.
The findings indicate a proactive approach among millennial farmers, showcasing the implementation of technology in processing waste from different animal husbandry segments.In the case of large animal husbandry, waste is harnessed for both biogas production and organic fertilizer.Small animal husbandry operations exhibit a practice of repurposing waste into valuable organic fertilizer.Similarly, poultry farming operations in the region demonstrate a commitment to sustainability by converting waste into organic fertilizer.This research sheds light on the positive strides made by millennial farmers in Sleman district towards integrating innovative waste processing technologies into their animal husbandry practices, contributing to both environmental conservation and agricultural sustainability.Animal husbandry waste, especially from cattle rearing, has much potential.One effort that can be made to utilize this waste is to process it into biogas and manure [8].In Irmayani's research, it is stated that biogas provides health, social, environmental, and financial benefits.[9] Biogas systems serve as beneficial decentralized energy solutions, generating gas, electricity, and fertilizer.[10] Therefore, farmers can derive dual benefits by converting cow manure: obtaining energy and fertilizer.The conversion of waste into biogas results in a residue called sludge, which holds potential applications as feed for animals or fish and as organic fertilizer.[11]

Adoption of Innovation
The adoption of innovative animal husbandry waste processing methods by millennial farmers refers to the integration and acceptance of new and advanced techniques for managing and treating waste generated in animal husbandry farming.This adoption involves the utilization of technologies or practices aimed at reducing the environmental impact of animal husbandry waste, promoting ustainability, and potentially enhancing the economic aspects of farming operations.
Millennial farmers, with their often heightened awareness of environmental issues and access to modern technology, play a crucial role in embracing and implementing innovative solutions for waste management in the agricultural sector.The adoption of these innovations may include techniques such as biogas production, composting, or other waste-to-energy technologies that efficiently process and utilize animal husbandry waste.Key factors influencing the adoption of these innovations among millennial farmers may include their willingness to embrace sustainable practices, the accessibility of information and training, financial considerations, and the support from agricultural extension services or government initiatives.

Figure 2. Manage Animal Husbandry Waste Milenial Farmers in Sleman Sistrict
The data reveals significant patterns in the way millennial farmers in Sleman Regency manage animal husbandry waste.Among the surveyed millennial farmers, 69% are actively involved in the production of organic fertilizer through the processing of animal husbandry waste.This practice aligns with the growing emphasis on sustainable agriculture and the reduction of dependency on synthetic fertilizers.Furthermore, 19% of millennial farmers opt to sell animal husbandry waste directly without implementing specific waste management efforts.While this might contribute to immediate economic gains, it raises concerns about the potential environmental impact and missed opportunities for resource recovery.A noteworthy finding is that 12% of millennial farmers resort to burying the animal husbandry waste.This practice, although a form of waste disposal, may not be the most sustainable option in terms of environmental conservation.It emphasizes the need for increased awareness and education regarding alternative methods that prioritize waste utilization over conventional disposal.
The high percentage of millennial farmers involved in organic fertilizer production suggests a positive inclination towards circular agriculture, where waste is viewed as a valuable resource.This aligns with the broader global movement towards sustainable farming practices.However, the relatively substantial percentage of those who sell animal husbandry waste directly or resort to burying it highlights the need for targeted interventions and educational initiatives.These efforts could emphasize the environmental and economic benefits of adopting more sustainable waste management practices, encouraging a shift towards methods that contribute to both farm productivity and environmental conservation.
Impacts of untreated animal husbandry waste with the potential to pollute the environment include [12]: animal husbandry waste can serve as a breeding ground for flies, which can become sources of diseases transmitted by flies.This is due to the fact that the waste still contains nutrients that have the potential to support the reproduction of microorganisms and insects, such as flies.Animal husbandry waste can contaminate water bodies, such as river systems, when discharged into rivers.This leads to an increase in nutrient levels, particularly nitrogen, in the river, resulting in eutrophication.Eutrophication causes a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration due to the nitrification process occurring in the water, which can disrupt aquatic life.Manure also contains pathogenic bacteria (salmonella spp.) that can pose a health risk to humans.The methane gas (CH4) produced from the digestive process of animal husbandry can also disrupt the surrounding environment.The feces and urine of animals infected with diseases can serve as a means of disease transmission, for example, diseases like anthrax through human skin that is wounded or scratched.
Cattle can generate manure comprising NH3 and various compounds, constituting up to 12% of their body weight.Untreated waste from cattle farms poses a risk of environmental pollution in both the air and soil.Despite cow dung not solely being in solid waste form, the urine and wastewater resulting from animal husbandry sanitation still contain valuable nutrients that can serve as fertilizer.[13] Animal husbandry manure is rich in nitrogen and metal minerals such as magnesium, potassium, and calcium, which maintain the soil's physical structure so that plant roots can grow properly.Millennial farmers are adopting innovative waste processing methods to enhance sustainability in agriculture, decrease the ecological impact of animal husbandry, and bolster overall agricultural resilience.They utilize advanced technologies, including biogas production from organic waste, contributing to both waste management and on-farm renewable energy [14].Additionally, modern composting efficiently transforms animal husbandry manure into nutrient-rich compost, serving as organic fertilizer for eco-friendly farming practices.This not only benefits farmers but also addresses odor pollution challenges in residential areas.The reduction in pollution sources fosters hope for effective integration of animal husbandry farming in densely populated environments.[15]

Millennial Farmers' Involvement in Animal Husbandry Waste Management
The active involvement of millennial farmers in animal husbandry waste management signifies a positive shift towards sustainable agricultural practices.They employ cutting-edge technologies, utilize waste for energy generation, transform waste into organic fertilizer, engage in sustainable farming initiatives, use mobile apps for real-time tracking, participate in educational programs, diversify income through waste-based products, and actively contribute to farming networks.This multifaceted approach reflects a commitment to eco-friendly practices and underscores the potential for innovative solutions in addressing the challenges of animal husbandry waste.

Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be inferred that millennial farmers, in the application of animal husbandry waste processing technology, exhibit varied approaches depending on the type of animal husbandry they manage.Millennial farmers focusing on large animal husbandry tend to adopt biogas technology to generate renewable energy, while also utilizing waste for organic fertilizer production.On the other hand, millennial farmers managing small animal husbandry tend to concentrate more on processing waste into organic fertilizer.The waste processing of poultry among millennial farmers generally centers around organic fertilizer production.This conclusion underscores the diversity in the strategies employed for the implementation of animal husbandry waste processing technology, with various approaches taken depending on the type of animal husbandry owned by millennial farmers.

Table 1 .
Distribution Animal Husbandry among Milenial Farmers in Sleman District