Design of arboretum and ecotourism complex on Kahatex green open space in Jatiroke Village

Jatinangor district, located in Sumedang regency, is experiencing forest degradation due to rapid development spurred by its designation as a transport hub between Bandung, Garut, and Sumedang. In order to facilitate more environmentally sustainable developments in Jatinangor, approaches involving local communities in land rehabilitation is essential. One such proposal is the development of 8.18 ha of land in Jatiroke Village. In collaboration with Jatiroke locals and Geulis Mountain Communications Forum (GMCF) and PT. Kahatex, the land is planned to be transformed into a green open space for ecotourism complex based on the DEWA (Desa Edukasi Wisata Agro or Agro-tourism Educational Village) concept ensuring sustained benefits for the environment and the local populace. The complex is planned to have intensive and non-intensive zones. The intensive zone facilitates the visitors and supporting utilities while the non-intensive zone facilitates vegetation cultivation. The area’s planned main conservation facility is the Arboretum of Textile Dyeing Trees which hosts 20 tree species, 2 bush species, and 4 herb species traditionally used as dyes and are native to Western Java. This forest restoration project, involving collaboration with villagers and a corporation, is slated to exemplify the importance of environmental sustainability through ecotourism and education for all involved.


Introduction
As a rapidly growing area in West Java, Indonesia, Jatinangor has been experiencing unprecedented growth in terms of population and mobility.Such intense pace of development and means of pollution generation from motor vehicles, waste management, and other human activities has caused problems particularly on human health and life quality [1].In addition, socio-economic problems are also present in areas surrounding Jatinangor with the prevalence of civilians with low levels of education and with no listed jobs [2].In order to mitigate the effects of development in Jatinangor on the environment and promote sustainable, citizen-pioneered environmental protection programs, a village around Jatinangor named Jatiroke is planning on restoring a land tract measured at 8.18 Hectares in the area.
The land is located around the Geulis Mountain and is owned and managed by PT Kahatex.PT Kahatex planned to use the land as a green open space and a textile industry tourism area 1315 (2024) 012048 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1315/1/012048 2 with the help of Jatiroke local community and the Geulis Mountain Communications Forum (GMCF) using the Agro-tourism Educational Village or Desa Edukasi Wisata Agro (DEWA) concept.In the DEWA management concept, there are three interests that will be integrated into the management of green open space through productive multi-business agroforestry with environmentally-friendly approach concept, namely ecological, economical, and social.With this program, farmers from local communities can benefit more through composition of the program which consists of 20% wood, 50% fuits, and 30% annual crops.
The condition of the place that is planned to become the tourism textile spot has an area of former land excavations which create an open area without cover or topsoil, which question the fertility of the land and the the risk of air pollution through dust blown by the wind, disrupting the health of the respiratory system.Beyond that, there are also socio-economic issues prevalent in Jatiroke village, which mostly has low-level education and do not or have not worked [3].These factors give rise to new needs and opportunities to the local Jatiroke community, in the form of an ecotourism area like Arboretum of Textile Dyeing Trees as a means of community recreation as well as to create jobs and facilitates for education.The Arboretum of Textile Dyeing Trees is also hoped to play a role as an urban forest and green open space to increase the comfort level of the community, pollution absorption [4], and air quality improvement [5] as well as germplasm conservation area, especially for plants native to Java that has could be used as a material for textile dyes.

Time and Location
The Data was collected from 15 May 2022 to 10 September 2022 and was taken in Jatiroke Village, Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency with coordinates at 6 o 55'38" S -107 o 37'49" E. The location of the study borders Geulis Mountain on the east, Jatimukti Village in the south, and Jatinangor Highway on its west and north.

Design Method and Process
The methods that were used in this design were observation, not only using primary data from field surveys but also microclimate data collection.The field survey data used in the design includes determining availability of water in the area, data collection on soil types, and the presence of vegetation.The activities that were carried out during the survey included checking the suitability of the location with available map data to form polygons that were assessed to be inaccurate.Topographical data collection and documentation of the location are done by field observation and taking pictures and videos using a camera and a drone.
Interviews were also done to gather secondary data from the local community of Jatiroke Village.The interviewees are members of Geulis Mountain Communication Forum, which consist of 73 people with varying degrees of education, mostly working as farmers and land tillers.The value of interviewing is not only to report the detailed views of informants but also because it enables interviewees to "speak in their own voices and express their own thoughts and feelings" [6].Interviews were carried out in several ways, such as with guidance from locals to determine the boundaries of the planned area as well as approval levels of locals on this arboretum and ecotourism complex.The data and information gathering started with interviews regarding the availability of existing maps and the residents' wishes regarding the area to be designed.The results of the interviews will be used in planning, such as rough maps, area boundaries, the presence of water, and any additional points to help design the map of the area.The results are also taken into consideration in regards to the infrastructure that will be built, while the topographical data that has been gathered is processed in the ARCGIS to form maps and area zonings.
Literature studies were used to determine the type of structures that are considered proper to be built at the location, their compatibility with the slope on site, the face of the building, the water irrigation surrounding the location, the location of the building, and the survivability of the vegetation that will be used or planted in the area, including hedges, trees, and shrubs.The choice of vegetation species is based on whether the species itself that is already present onsite or can thrive in the environmental conditions present in tropical highland forests such as the one in Jatiroke Village, and whether the vegetation species could produce extracts usable as natural textile dyes.This is done to ensure that the vegetation will not be negatively impacted by their surroundings, such as the type of soil, altitude, humidity, and rainfall.The results of literature studies and data analysis will be made into the rough plan before the application of zonation and design.The zonation of the complex will factor in the area that will be designed more for the use of human activities otherwise known as the intensive zone, and the area more focused on botanical conservation will be known as non-intensive zone.The criteria used to determine whether an area is fit for intensive or non-intensive uses are slopes, land coverage, and soil type.After the design and zonation plans are finalized, the rough plan will be transformed into the master plan.

General Conditions of Restoration Area and Jatiroke Village
The area to be restored is located at an altitude in the range of 815 -900 meters above sea level, as can be seen in Figure 1, with temperatures ranging around 20.24 o C in the morning, 28.Jatiroke Village itself has an area of 209 Ha and a population of 7129 people with 3683 of them are male and 3446 of them are female.The villagers that have a degree from elementary school or an equivalent are 1762 people, then 1557 people have a degree from high school, 1409 people have a degree from junior high school, 253 people have a degree either from university, 1441 people have not yet attended school, and 707 people had not finished elementary school [7].There are 6865 people that are in the working age range with 1734 of them are unemployed.Jatiroke village also carried out several activities through development of various skills or a seminar to reduce the number or unemployment number.

Restoration Concept and Planning
The area in Jatiroke, measured at 8.18 Hectares, will be divided into intensive and non-intensive zones.The intensive zone is planned to support ecotourism-based activities such as dyeing workshops that utilize plant-based dyes and natural-based textile museum, whereas the nonintensive zone is intended for conservation of native biodiversity, particularly plants of value as natural textile dyeing agents, as well as bioremediation.Factors determining the allocation of a particular area into the intensive or non-intensive zones include elevation profile, type of soil, and ease of accessibility, in which the intensive zone of this area consists of flat areas without topsoil and the non-intensive zone consists of areas with steep gradients.The intensive zone is measured at 1.94 hectares, whereas the non-intensive zone is measured at 6.24 hectares, with the arboretum occupying a total area of 8743.48 square meters.The overall site area map is presented in figure 1.

Figure 2. Master Plan of Restoration Area in Jatiroke
The forest concept to be built into this area incorporates secondary forest where vegetation is planted, as well as manmade facilities such as workshops and research centre for textile dyeing, textile museum, as well as retail and restaurant areas among other facilities to support human ecotourism activities.This fits the criteria of Green Open Areas, as proposed by [8] and [12] as an area that meets the needs of community interaction, joint activities, and biodiversity conservation.

Plant Species Planted in the Restored Area
Plants planted as part of the forest restoration project in Jatiroke are focused in a dedicated arboretum located at the south-eastern corner of the restored area, as shown in figure 1, as well as Green Open Spaces scattered around the ecotourism centre.The arboretum consists of 20 species of trees, 2 species of hedges, and 4 species of herbs, whereas Green Open Spaces consist of 14 tree species planted in random orientation at planting distance of 5 meters.Trees selected for the arboretum are based on the bioactive compounds within the respective species that can be utilized as natural textile dyes [10] [11], as well as nativity of the trees to the area and compatibility of the trees with local microclimate and soil conditions as well as coexistence between species [9].Plants to be planted in the arboretum are mentioned in Tables 1 and 2. Cinnamomum burmanii DD-5 Tectona grandis

DD-6 Terminalia catappa
The arboretum's layout of planting is presented in Figures 2 and 3.In addition to the tables, Arthocarpus heterophyllus and Tamarindus indica were also planted in block EE-1 and EE-2 respectively.The separation of Arthocarpus heterophyllus and Tamarindus indica from the main arboretum complex is due to the specialized separation these tree species require, in order to accommodate Arthocarpus heterophyllus's nutrition needs as well as the suppressive capability of Tamarindus indica on the growth of other plants in its area [12] [13].Arthocarpus heterophyllus are planted at 6x6 meters apart while Tamarindus indica are planted at 10x10 meters apart.In addition to trees, shrubs are also planted as hedges as well as herbs.The selected shrub species were Indigofera tinctoria and Bixa orellana, whereas herbs chosen were Taraxacum officinale, Impatiens platypetala, Pilea melastomoides, and Chromolaena odorata.The arboretum layout for shrubs and herbs are shown in Figure 4.

Construction & Maintenance
Steps conducted to construct this area include sapling procurement and acclimatization in on-site greenhouse, planting, evaluation of growth, as well as fertilization and soil tillage.Duration of construction work for the arboretum is estimated at 9 months with annual maintenance sessions thereafter.Maintenance of the arboretum area consists of soil tillage, pruning of plants, fertilization with compost, weeding, and pest control.

Management of Ecotourism
Upon completion of restoration in this area, the arboretum and its adjoining ecotourism complex will be managed by local villagers under the GMCF.On mandate from PT. Kahatex as land owner.The management scope of GMCF includes daily operations on provision of tourism, general administration, education to tourists about the role of the arboretum and adjoining facilities, as well as maintenance of arboretum.Structure of management of the Jatiroke arboretum area is shown in Figure 5.The planning drafter works in drafting and proposing plans for the management of arboretum and adjoining ecotourism complex, as well as Standard Operating Procedures of day-to-day operations and special events, whereas The Observation and Evaluation section is tasked at observing and evaluation day-to-day operations as well as suggesting improvements on management and maintenance of the arboretum.The information and media section are tasked in promoting the ecotourism areas as well as inform visitors on forestry and textile education.The operational section is tasked in maintenance of the arboretum's forest stands as well as utilizing the arboretum for uses other than ecotourism such as promotion of textiles coloured with natural materials harvested from the arboretum.The Administration section handles general affairs of the arboretum complex as well as managing accounting and cashflow, and the security section responds to visitor complaints and issues, as well as overall security of the compound.

Conclusion 4.1. Conclusion
As a rapidly developing area in West Java, Jatinangor living quality and biodiversity availability in Jatinangor becomes an increasing concern amid pollution and intense human activity.It is therefore proposed that, in order to provide an area that provides an ecology refuge to people visiting Jatinangor and wildlife, provide academics in life science an area to study plant utilization, as well as provide job opportunities to locals, an arboretum be built in Jatiroke, one of the villages on the outskirts of Jatinangor.
The arboretum is proposed to be a part of an ecotourism complex focusing on utilization of plants as natural textile dyes, through provision of facilities intended for not only botanical conservation efforts but also to support human activities surrounding the arboretum such as Administration Security Geulis Mountain Communication Forum natural dye-based textile workshops and textile museum.The complex occupies an area of 8743.48 square meters.There will be 20 species of trees planted in this area as well as 2 species of shrubs and 4 species of herbs.Construction is slated to take 9 months with annual maintenance sessions thereafter.Maintenance of the arboretum area consists of soil tillage, pruning of plants, fertilization with compost, weeding, and pest control, with a dedicated team of staff managing operations and maintenance of the arboretum as well as the adjoining ecotourism complex.

Recommendation
In order to finalize construction operations of this arboretum and ecotourism complex, Detailed Engineering Design for the facilities as well as Environmental Impact Analysis for the ecotourism complex need to be completed as soon as possible.The regional government of Sumedang Regency should also provide assistance in ease of permit issuance in order to smooth construction.
2 o C in the afternoon, and 23.46 o C in the evening and night based on onsite observation and weather report obtained from a weather station located in Padjajaran University's Ciparanje Experimental Gardens.The relative humidity of the area ranges around 75.42 -95.42%, as recorded using sling psychrometer.Vegetations found in this area consist of weeds, grass, shrubs, crops, bamboo, and several species of trees including mahogany, avocado, and ferntree.With an area of 8.14 Ha, the vegetation coverage area is 16355.1 m 2 , the open area is 65235.79m 2 , and the area covered by buildings is 183.91 m 2 .

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Elevation Contour of the Area to be Restored in Jatiroke

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Arboretum layout from Block AA to Block DD

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Shrub and Herb Plantation Pattern for the Jatiroke Arboretum Complex

Figure 6 .
Figure 6.Organization structure of the Jatiroke Arboretum Complex

Table 1 .
List of Plant species to be Planted in Jatiroke as part of forest restoration in the form of arboretum, for block AA to CC

Table 2 .
List of Plant species to be Planted in Jatiroke as part of forest restoration in the form of