Ethnobotany of medicinal plant at Namorambe Village, Deli Serdang North Sumatra

The Ethnobotany of medicinal plants by the community of Namorambe Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency has been going on for generations. Namorambe is a village dominated by the Karo ethnic group. This study aims to determine the type, percentage of species, method of processing and use of medicinal plants. The research method was carried out by means of in-depth interviews with people who use medicinal plants. Sampling was done by purposive sampling of 42 respondents. There are 50 types of medicinal plants consisting of 29 families which are often used by the people of Namorambe Village. The types of medicinal plants most widely used by the community are from the family Zingiberaceae (8 species), Solanaceae (4 species), Myrtacea (3 species), Euphorbiaceae (3 species). The families Arecaceae, Laminaceae, Malvaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, and Rutaceae each with 2 species, and the other families each with 1 species. The results of this research can become a data base for potential medicinal plants that can be developed in a sustainable manner.


Introduction
Plants as traditional herbal medicines include spices, fruits, vegetables and also wild plants [1].Medicinal plants (herbs) are plants that are known to contain certain compounds which are efficacious for health [2].Every tribe or ethnicity in Indonesia has different knowledge about the utilization of natural materials as a source of medicine.This is influenced by differences in residence, habits or procedures and behavior.The 2 tradition of using plants as traditional medicine has been scientifically proven, but much has yet to be disseminated through publication [1].
Indonesia is known as a source of raw materials for tropical medicines that can be used to treat various diseases.There are 30,000 plant species in Indonesia, most of which are medicinal plants and up to 90% of them are found in Asia.Traditional herbs are natural ingredients that are used traditionally for treatment based on experience, and the diversity of medicinal plants can support the availability of traditional medicines that can be utilized [2].
As a result, the acceptance and dissemination of local knowledge about traditional medicinal plants is decreasing and disappearing over time, as well as the presence of medicinal plants in the yard of the house is also decreasing.Ethnobotanical studies must be able to show the potential of useful plants and the possibility of their utilization.Knowing the traditional ways of using plants in the community, we hope that they will continue the rapid development of technology.Modern herbal medicine is a medicinal plant that has been scientifically proven to contain bioactive compounds/ingredients that have medicinal properties and are justified for medicinal use.Potential medicinal plants are medicinal plants that contain drugs or active ingredients [3].
Local knowledge of traditional communities about medicinal plants is very important, but currently the use of medicinal plants has undergone changes.In accordance with the development of the market economy, national sales of modern medicines from cities to villages are very uncontrollable [4].The development of the use of medicinal plants is very promising due to various supporting factors such as the availability of rich and diverse biological resources in Indonesia.Medicinal plants are plants that are known or believed to have medicinal properties.Medicinal plants are divided into the following groups: 1) traditional medicinal plants, 2) modern medicinal plants and 3) potential medicinal plants.Traditional medicinal herbs are types of plants that are known or believed to have medicinal properties and have been used as raw materials in traditional medicine [5].
The people of Namorambe Village are dominated by the Karo ethnicity, whose people depend heavily on medicinal plants in their daily lives.Research on medicinal plants in Namorambe Village has never been carried out, therefore it is necessary to do so to document the types of medicinal plants used by the people of Namorambe Village.This study aims to determine the types and utilization of medicinal plants used by the community in Namorambe Village, Deliserdang Regency, North Sumatra.

Methodolology
Data collection was carried out by observing direct interviews with respondents using a questionnaire.Respondents selected by purposive sampling amounted to 40 people.The selected respondents are people who understand the types of medicinal plants and their use.Observations were made by observing medicinal plants around the community's home yards and gardens.The data collected in the field are types of medicinal plants, sources or places where medicinal plants are taken, methods of processing medicinal plants, parts of plants used and uses of medicinal plants.Data analysis is done by processing the data that has been obtained using the formula: Use Value (UV) Used to describe the types of plants that are considered the most important by a community group

UV = Σܷ݅ ܰ݅
Note: UV = Usage value Ui = The number of uses mentioned for one species Ni = Total number of respondents

Results
Based on the results of interviews that were conducted with 42 respondents, various kinds of medicinal plants were found to treat various diseases that are known to the people in Namorambe Village.It is recorded that the community uses 50 types of medicinal plants consisting of 29 different families.In contrast to [6] research in the Batu Katak village there are 34 types of medicinal plants used by the local community.
Another study by [7] states that there are 40 types of medicinal plants used by the people of Asam Jawa village.Research by [8] There are 59 types of medicinal plants used by the community in Prigi Bay, Trenggalek, East Java.Among the types of medicinal plants, the most dominant medicinal plants which are used as the main ingredients of traditional medicine by the people of Namorambe Village, Deli Serdang Regency are from the Zingiberace Family namely as many as 8 species (Table 1), Solanaceae (4 species), Myrtacea (3 species), Euphorbiaceae (3 species).The families Arecaceae, Laminaceae, Malvaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, and Rutaceae each with 2 species, and the other families each with 1 species.The part of the plant used from the Zingiberaceae family is the tuber.In general, the part of the plant that is most widely used by the people of Namorambe Village is the leaves.The method of processing species from medicinal plants is generally boiled first and then drunk.The species of medicinal plants, utilization, part of the plant used, processing method and how to use medicinal plants by the community in Namorambe Village can be seen in detail in Table 1.It can also be seen that the organ parts of plants that are commonly used as ingredients for traditional medicine are the organs of leaf, fruit, seeds, roots, stems and rhizomes.Especially the leaf organs of medicinal plants are very commonly used as traditional medicinal ingredients.This is in accordance with the opinion of [9] that leaves are the easiest part to get without having to damage the plant.In addition, the use of leaves for medicinal ingredients does not have a negative effect on plant growth, because the leaves can grow again at the top of the plant.While the use of other parts, such as roots, rhizomes, tubers, bark, stems or all parts of the plant has an impact on the ecological role and ability of plant survival.This is in accordance with the opinion of [10] because people usually perceive that the part of the leaf is the part that contains the most medicinal ingredients needed for traditional medicinal ingredients.In addition, the part of the leaf is the easiest part to obtain from a plant species.Considering that generally the types of medicinal plants are mostly in the form of trees.The people of Namorambe village process medicinal plants in several ways, namely by boiling them, eating them directly, grinding them, crushing them, or heating them.According to [11] Using it mixed with warm water can release secondary metabolites in the part of the medicinal plant used for these secondary metabolites which have many properties in treating various diseases.These medicinal plants have many benefits, the surrounding community uses them as medicine, healthy drinks and food seasoning additives.Benefits as drugs such as hypertension drugs, cholesterol, thyroid, blood sugar, skin diseases, bones, wounds, cancer etc.This is in accordance with a statement from [12] which states that plants such as ginger are useful for helping to maintain the immune system.Then, temulawak whose benefits are for maintaining fitness.The benefits of turmeric are antioxidants, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer, and the benefits of lemon grass are to reduce fever.Curcuma longa L. is designated as the medicinal plant most often used by traditional healers in To Manui for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and postnatal care [13].

Conclusion
It was found that the most widely used medicinal plants by the respondents came from plants belonging to the Zingiberceae family.The research results found that all respondents used 50 species of medicinal plants consisting of 29 different families.In general, the processing method used is boiling, this method is the easiest way for the Namorambe people.

Table 1 .
UVS Index of Medicinal Plants in Namo village