Study of responsive tourism destination areas to reduce disaster risk: Canden Village, Bantul

Canden Village currently has a vision of a Wellness Tourism Destination. Kiringan Hamlet, located in Kalurahan Canden, was designated a Tourism Village of Jamu Gendong (Herbal Medicine) in 2016. Canden has several natural, cultural, artistic, and culinary tourism potentials spread across Canden Hamlet, Ngibikan Hamlet, Suren Kulon Hamlet, Suren Wetan, and Banyudono. Several problems related to access, namely, the primary entrance to Kalurahan Canden is not feasible, the physical condition of the road could be more suitable for motorized vehicles, and there needs to be an area marker as a wayfinding facility. In addition to accessibility conditions, disaster response in the area is critical. Canden’s location around the Opak Fault and the Opak River causes this area to have several potential natural disasters. This study of disaster response needs to be conducted to enhance a tourism village as a tourist destination that is safe, comfortable, and sustainable. The object of this study is Canden Village in Bantul, which has several disaster risks. The research aims to determine the level of disaster response in Canden as a Tourism Village. The research method is a qualitative research method using grounded theory and space syntax connectivity-visibility analysis. The concept of disaster response consists of evacuation routes, protective areas, safe zones, open spaces, and public facilities. The results of the study show that the aspect of disaster response in the region is essential to support regional security factors. This research can be a study for disaster response tourist spots and support the sustainability of an area as a tourist destination.


Introduction
Natural disasters are disasters caused by an event or series of events caused by nature, for example earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, hurricanes, and landslides.Canden was one of the villages affected by the earthquake in 2006 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with severe damage [1].The earthquake on 27 May 2006 in the Special Region of Yogyakarta had an impact on the formation of a spatial pattern of damage trending southwest-northeast in the Bantul Regency, which includes the Districts of Pundong, Imogiri, Jetis, Pleret, Banguntapan to Piyungan.[2] In this event, from the data from the Bantul BPBD, the total number of victims who died reached 5,782 people, and 26,299 were seriously and lightly injured.While the total number of houses damaged was 71,763; 71,372 were seriously damaged, and 66,359 were slightly damaged.[3] Canden Village, located in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta, has various potentials.Hamlet Kiringan is a potential village for herbal medicine tourism; other hamlets have natural tourism potential in rivers, such as Canden Hamlet and Gaten Hamlet.The influential cultural potential is in Klaras Hamlet.With these various potentials, Canden Village is proclaimed to have a vision of becoming an Integrated 1314 (2024) 012090 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012090 2 Wellness Tourism Destination [4] Apart from its strength, there is also a need for improvement in the form of the potential for disaster.The Bantul Regency hazard study is classified as high in floods, flash floods, earthquakes, extreme weather, landslides, tsunamis, and the COVID-19 pandemic.The analysis results combine several potential disasters, so Bantul Regency has a high potential for multi-hazard areas.[5] Figure 1.Yogyakarta Geological Map [6] Figure 2. Canden Location to Opak Fault [7] The distance from the Canden Village is 9 km to the Opak Fault or the earthquake fault area.This location has a horizontal fault plane with a relatively upright slope in a northeast-southwest direction.This fault is one of the exposed segments of the Opak Fault Zone [8].The location of the source of the May 27 th , 2006's earthquake was 10 km east of Bantul City [9] The position of the fault plane [6], which cuts the soil layer with a thickness of about 50 cm-5 m, indicates that this fault is active.Evidence of spots can be observed in several Kapanewon (Subdistrict) Jetis and Pleret Sub-Districts [3].Apart from the earthquake, Canden Village is adjacent to the Opak River.Extreme weather can have adverse effects such as flooding, levees breaking, and land shifting.This condition happened in Bantul with many affected villages, including the Kalurahan or Canden Village (Jetis District) [10] It shows that Jetis District, especially Canden Village, is a disaster-prone area.Tourist destinations must have the 6A Tourism principles: attractions, accessibility, amenities, available packages, activities, and ancillary services.[11] Attractions are attractions or magnets that attract a place as a tourist destination.The regional accessibility system and intermodal circulation of transportation define accessibility.Amenities are accommodations in the form of a place to live, eat, or similar facilities.Available packages are the availability of tour packages.Activities or activities refer to specific actions for tourists.Ancillary services, namely service facilities supporting the continuity of tourism, such as banks, hospitals, and communication systems.The primary problems in the Canden Village are the inadequate circulation conditions (accessibility) of the area, uneven preparedness for natural disaster evacuation, and no connection between the disaster evacuation systems in the Canden Village.Accessibility problems are inadequate road space as regional circulation for various modes of transportation and road closure, which tends to be confusing as there is no adequate signage.The accessibility and circulation of an area determine a site's visibility level.Road space as part of access is essential to forming the regional structure [12].Circulation is an area that becomes a track, passed by road users in vehicles and vehicles with a specific scope around them.The central circulation that is connected to the leading destination in a place will make it easier to reach the location [13].Open space helps the high permeability of an area [14].
In disaster-prone areas, open space plays a role as an evacuation point.In comparison, adequate circulation can act as an evacuation route.The signage system in a region can also be a disaster response evacuation system [15].Good infrastructure development plans exist in the BPBD DIY documents to respond to the disaster [16] Earthquake and flood disaster mitigation pathways have been designed in the 2008 Jetis RDTRK [17].However, the eligibility details of the evacuation system have not met the standards, and the implementation of development has not been evenly distributed, especially in the Canden Village.Canden is classified as a situation where there is a potential for earthquakes and floods.Research and development in disaster at the pre-disaster stage need to be done [18].

Figure 5. Research Framework
The research was conducted with an inductive approach by explaining data analysis.Inductive research was conceived by observing, pattern recognition, and theory development.The inductive study takes place from specific data to general theory [19].The research method used qualitative methods with grounded theory and descriptive explanations.The characteristics of grounded theory are identifying explanatory theories from the analysis process, which consists of data collection, coding (analysis), and memoing (theory construction) [20] Data Collection or data collection in the form of primary data (observations, interviews) and secondary data (literature study).The primary data was obtained in 2022, while secondary data will use relevant data from the last ten years of publication.The analysis phase identified the conditions of the Canden Village with the concept of disaster response settlement environmental management.First step analysis using Urban Connectivity Analysis evaluated connectivity (internal connectivity, external connectivity, and road classification), mapping protected area (rice field and riverbank area), and mapping safe zone (potential safe zone [11] comprised of open space zone and building facility).Secondary analysis used DepthMapX Space Syntax Analysis for connectivity (axial line) and visibility study (convex space, Isovist Map)[21] [22].The axial map is the line formed by space arrangement in a building or an area.Theory construction resulted from research analysis associated with disaster response theory and tourism villages that support research topics.Synthesis Superimposed all data analysis to gain finding The observation object is Canden Village, which uses the scope of geographical area delineation.Canden Village has 15 Hamlets spread from northern to southern areas.Canden Village has an area of 508.13 km² with a northern boundary with Sumber Agung Village, Jetis Sub-District; a southern border with Srihardono Village, Pundong Sub-District; a western edge with the Patalan Village, Jetis Sub-District; and the eastern boundary with Kebon Agung Village, Imogiri Sub-District.The research parameter is Canden Village, a tourism village aware of disaster response and spatial analysis.The theory used for the analysis adapts the concept of environmental management to disaster response settlements consisting of evacuation route variables, protected areas, and safe zones (natural areas and public facilities) [11].The open space variable was included in the category of protected areas and safe zones in the Canden Village.While public facilities variables are integrated with safe zones because they have the same function and purpose.The Parameter Spatial analysis as Disaster Mitigation Plan has two variables: connectivity (axial line map) and visibility (Visual Graph Analysis) study using Space Syntax tools.The axial map appears as a straight sight line and a possible path between points.Visual Graph Analysis (VGA) uses an isovist map to analyse inter-visibility connections within buildings or urban networks.[22] Research instruments were research tools such as a base map of the Canden Village, road network maps, area blocks, and photographs of survey results showing the surrounding conditions.The evacuation route consists of inter-regional connectivity consisting of road space circulation.The object of observation of the evacuation route is in the form of a road that can be passed by an evacuation vehicle, at least equivalent to a fire truck route dimension.The ideal evacuation route indicator is the connectivity of the evacuation route with the evacuation point, the dimensions of the width of the appropriate evacuation route according to the type of circulation following safety standards.The indicator for the measurements of the evacuation route is the fire truck path with a pavement road width of at least 6 meters with a minimum radius of 10.5 meters for each round or turn accompanied by a 2meter pedestrian path [23].
Protected areas consist of areas that can support other sites.Protected area indicators can be in the form of embankments (flood prevention), mangrove areas (coastal abrasion prevention), adequate green belt planning (avoiding flooding, increasing water catchment areas), area conservation (not changing or reducing environmental quality by building in conservation areas), have good waste management for flood prevention and environmental management.Safe zones are evacuation points or hubs for residents to gather to temporarily save themselves from the threat of disaster.This zone can be in fields such as gardens, forests, or buildings that can function as disaster shelters or multifunctional buildings.Public facilities appear helpful to anyone outside private ownership, such as public toilets, multipurpose buildings, schools, shops, conference halls, hospitals, or clinics.These facilities will be used in an emergency if a disaster occurs.These facilities should be located close to residential areas.The distance easily reached by public transportation is a radius of 800 m [24] or by walking distance within the radius of 400 m.The building layout should consider environmental safety by avoiding areas prone to landslides/floods/areas at risk of disaster.

Data Collection and Problem Identification
Data was obtained through observation in the form of observational photos and aerial photographs.Collecting evacuation route data through road space conditions using purposive sampling by classifying street types based on the circulation of motorized vehicles that can be traversed by evacuation vehicles.Protected Areas are in the form of buffer zones, namely limited utilization areas intended to support the function of certain cultural/customary heritage areas and particular cultural/customary heritage objects in the form of non-constructed spaces within a certain radius.Buffer zones can be equipped with public zones and tourism services for general use and limited tourism services [25].The buffer zone in Canden includes a river buffer zone -the Opak watershed and a national food buffer zone in the form of agricultural land (rice fields, fields, active gardens) in Bantul [26].Safe zones include mapping evacuation points in fields, open areas for gathering, and public buildings such as village halls and sports halls.Data on public facilities can be obtained by mapping public facilities in public toilets, multipurpose buildings, schools, shops, conference halls, hospitals, or similar health facilities used in a disaster occurrence.

Evacuation Route.
A tourist spot must have a disaster evacuation scheme to ensure the safety of the tourist destination.An evacuation route is a circulation or path that can be traversed in an emergency by meeting safety standards against disaster threats.Evacuation must be carried out immediately, with educational information that can be understood to avoid mass chaos when a disaster occurs.Evacuation routes must be closely related to the safe zone, including information on how to travel to the secure area for tourists.This is because the actions of tourists are very different from the indigenous people who live around tourist attractions.Evacuation routes will be identified from motorized vehicle lanes (cars, trucks), and non-motorized vehicle circulation routes (bicycles, pedestrian lanes).Data collection is in aerial photographs and street space observation photos (sampling).An indicator of the ideal vehicle circulation for evacuation is having a pavement with special reinforcement and a minimum width of 6 meters.The perfect earthquake evacuation distance is 1-2 km, with an ideal evacuation travel time of 30 minutes -1 hour [27].Circulation problems in the observed area are not yet connected between tourist points, and not all circulation routes are usable for evacuation routes.The state of the dominant circulation path is only for motorized vehicles in the two-wheeled motorbike category, while for car vehicles, not all are reachable.The primary access from Jalan Bakulan Imogiri has a minimum width that meets fire evacuation safety standards.However, when entering the Canden Village Area, the width of the car access is narrow, below 6 meters, making it difficult for disaster evacuation, especially if access to an evacuation vehicle is needed.

Figure 8. Bakulan Imogiri Street as Canden Entrance Access
In addition to achieving safe evacuation, providing standard vehicle access and pedestrian evacuation routes to secure areas is also very important to attain safe evacuation in residential areas [11].Meanwhile, there is no pedestrian evacuation route in Canden for residents either.This route leads to evacuation in the form of a Hill as a Temporary Evacuation Place (TES) or a Temporary Evacuation Place (TES) building [29].The field area for evacuation can be a rescue hill or a disaster evacuation building.The feasibility of an evacuation route plays a vital role in the success of the evacuation process and guarantees safety when heading to the evacuation point [30].

Protected Area.
Protected areas can be in embankments, mangrove forests, or supporting structures according to their geographic and geological location.In addition to the buffer structure, this area can be a productive buffer zone such as rice fields and forests, planning green lanes to prevent flooding, protecting catchment areas by minimizing buildings that touch the ground, preservation of the surrounding environment and nature.Kalurahan Canden has a dominant agricultural area in the form of rice fields and gardens on the village's west side.Meanwhile, on the east side, the Canden Village is passed by the Opak River under the Serayu Opak River Basin Center (BBWS) management.This river crosses almost the entire eastern area of Canden.However, its access can be reached through Canden Hamlet and Gaten Hamlet.

Safe Zone.
Safe zones can be natural or artificial.This zone can be hills, fields, forests, or evacuation buildings.Both types of zones have the same goal: to become a safe zone when a disaster occurs.Public buildings that can be used as evacuation sites must meet building safety standards [29] Building standards must follow Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 16 of 2021 concerning Regulations for Implementing Law No. 28 of 2002 concerning Buildings [31] The exit route for building disaster evacuation has mileage considerations, number, mobility, character of building users, building function, building height, the direction of exit of the building from above or below ground level [32]Selecting regional safe zones requires ease of access and reaching the location.The condition of the road enclosure and evacuation signage in disaster warning signs and evacuation routes must be installed at several points leading to the safe zone.Evacuation routes must be directed towards the primary access to Canden to facilitate the disaster rescue process by considering the distance and ease of access [33]

Coding and Analysis
Coding was included in the analysis process.Analysis phase using street network map, aerial 2D map, and observation photo.Apart from routes, connectivity is very influential in evacuating refugees to the safe zone.Regional connectivity is divided into two types: internal and external connectivity.The internal connectivity (ingress, colored in blue dots in Figure 8) that will be analyzed is the intersection because it has the highest quality of connection among other types of road space encounters.Star intersection internal connectivity is classified as very little, only 1; the cross intersection is 34.While the T-Section is 195, and Cul De Sac is 86.External connectivity (egress, in Figure 8, colored pink dot) is access bordering outside areas other than Canden.[32] External connectivity shows 29 ingress-exit points or access in and out of the area.The weakness of this theory is that it needs a clear indicator to show the degree of high and low internal and external connectivity.Building as a Temporary Evacuation Place (TES) in Canden comprises school facilities, healthcare facilities, government office buildings, and prayer facilities.Dominantly evacuation place is prayer facilities such as mosque and church.Most government offices can be used as shelter candidates if the office has a large enough open space to benefit, such as, among others, a parking lot and children's playground [35].Meanwhile, there is only one government office in Canden.

Findings
All data from coding and analysis is superimposed.This action is to find the blind spot area in Canden that must be improved.The most problematic area in each variable is taken.The evacuation route problems focus on physical street space, for example, street width, network, and connectivity.Protection area issues emphasize the condition of rice fields and the riverbank's natural state.Any degradation or deterioration regarding the buffer region could affect the longevity of protected areas.
The primary access in Canden: Joyodipuro Street-Jetis Pundong Street-Canden II Street, Canden Street, and Joyowinoto Street need improvement in street signage, evacuation signage availability of pathway (minimum 2 meters), meet minimum width requirements of fire safety evacuation route (minimum 6 meters).This action has to be done to guarantee tourist safety in visiting Canden as Integrated Wellness Tourism Destination, especially the access to Kiringan District.West area visibility value is high.Its connectivity value is high, which shows that this area has potential as a public space.Following disaster risk response, this area will be suitable for safe zone development (See Figure 12 Connectivity -Visibility Value around Raden Nolowongso Street and Jetis Pundong Street).
However, not all area is suitable for commercial development.Thus, to some extent needs protection.Some sites are protected areas that need sustainable action and preserved borders.Although Canden will

Conclusions
The road network holds a crucial element as a resilient network of safe roads used dynamically according to various disaster scenarios [36].The evacuation route in Canden needs to be improved to protect and mitigate when a disaster happens, as the road's physical condition does not meet the minimum standard for evacuation.The northern area gains the most benefit with its premium location adjacent to the main road Bakulan Imogiri Road.The central access in Canden is accessible for ordinary cars but unsuitable for fire trucks or similar evacuation vehicles.Although the number of internal street connections is high, it must follow evacuation route standards as most streets are small in width and lack evacuation signage.However, the external connectivity is low.
Ricefield and riverbank in Canden are dominant in the matter of area.Yet, this strength must still be optimized and well-maintained to protect the surrounding area.The challenge is to improve car accessibility.Open space safe zone availability could be better as it only exists in the northwest area of Canden.Several Sub-District located in the southern of Canden could be in danger due to the absence of a safe zone.The ideal safe zone could cover emergencies maximum in a radius of 2 km.While these Southern Sub-Districts are located more than 2 km from the existing safe plan.Meanwhile, building facilities act as temporary evacuation shelters, mainly along the main street in Canden.This situation could endanger the people who live far from the main street (Joyodipuro Street, Jetis-Pundong, Canden II Street, and Joyowinoto Street).Generally, the connectivity and visibility values are low.Some areas 1314 (2024) 012090 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/01209013 have high visibility, and connectivity value is also high.It shows that this area can be developed as a part of disaster response settlement environmental management.

3
The layout of the settlement environment must consider the aspect of disaster response.This concept consists of evacuation rescue routes (building and environment), identification of protective areas, safe zones, open spaces and vegetation, and public facilities in disaster response settlements[11]If a tourist destination has the potential for disaster, it will determine its sustainability and the place's existence as a tourist destination.According to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, improving the quality of accessibility includes sustainable development Goal 9, Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, and Goal 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities.

3. 2 . 1 .
Evacuation Routes.The condition of Jalan Bakulan Imogiri consists of road space, and the right and left are directly adjacent to parcels.Along this road are few buildings, only a few stalls, and residents' housing.There is a Decree of the Governor of the Special Region of Yogyakarta Number 118/KEP/2016 concerning determining the Status of Provincial Roads; Bakulan -Barongan Road is classified as a provincial road class[34].The main Canden roads for car access are Joyodipuro Street, Jetis-Pundong Street, Canden II Street, and Joyowinoto Street.Other car access Canden, Raden Nolowongso, Joyodipuro, Ngupit Street, Tirtodiningrat Street, and Purwodiningratan Street.Cars can still access several alleys (see Figure7of the yellow line) with a 3.5-meter-wide road.Apart from that, access is in the form of a small alley (see Figure7, blue lane) with a width of 2-2.5 meters which can be passed by motorbikes, bicycles, pedestrians, and carts.

Figure 11 .Figure 12 .
Figure 11.Protected Area: Rice Fields and Green Area in Opak Riverbank

Figure 13 .
Figure 13.Public Facility as Safe Zone in Canden 3.2.4.Space Syntax Connectivity-Visibility Analysis.Space syntax analysis was used to justify and strengthen all the first-phase analyses.This process only measures high and low connectivity based on color and amount of connectivity.The measurement indicator is marked from high (red) to low (blue)[21] See Figure 12 Connectivity Analysis.The connectivity level in Canden is relatively low on average.The blue color line dominantly stretched from the northern to the southern area.Only several parts of Canden have medium connectivity; those are Canden Street (connectivity value 39), Canden II Street (connectivity value 36), and Raden Nolowongso Street (connectivity value 22,28,56).Other than these, streets have a low connectivity value.The rest of the local pathways are below 20 regarding connectivity value.

Figure 14 .
Figure 14.Connectivity and Visibility Analysis using DepthMapX Space Syntax .1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012090 12 be developed into a tourism destination, village apparatus, and residents should hold preservation tactics firmly on the existing rice field, riverbank, and any other similar preservation area.

Figure 15 .
Figure 15.Synthesis of Evacuation route, Protected Area, Safe Zone Analysis

Table 1 .
Research Method

Table 2 .
Internal & External Connectivity Analysis