Analysis of changes in land use change on population density in Wonogiri Sub-District, Wonogiri District in 2013 and 2019

Land use change is an event that results in a change in appearance caused by humans, usually occurring in areas that are currently or recently developed. Wonogiri sub-district has experienced changes in its land use, from undeveloped agricultural land to built-up areas. This increase has resulted in the expansion of built-up land for housing, education, and industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of land use change and the impact of population density on land use change in Wonogiri Sub-district. This research uses a qualitative data analysis method. The qualitative data uses map analysis from the results of overlaying the 2013 and 2019 land use maps. The distribution of land use change in Wonogiri Subdistrict amounted to 364.74 Ha, which was dominated by changes to settlements. It was found that one of the causes of land change is population density. The denser the population in a kelurahan, the more land use change there is, namely land change into settlements. This research produced three maps: 2013 land use map, 2019 land use map, and 2013 and 2019 land use change map.


Introduction
Land is an area on the earth's surface that has certain characteristics which include soil, atmosphere, hydrology, geology, people, animals, plants, and is influenced by human activities (economic, social, cultural) in the past and in the present to affect the potential use of land in the future [1].The term "land use change" refers to the process through which human activities alter the natural environment.Land use change describes how land has been used, typically highlighting the usefulness of land for economic activity.In particular, the growth of the number of facilities in the form of the economy, roads, and other amenities and infrastructure, occurs in areas where land use is changing.The requirement for land increases as population increases.Due to the decreasing surface roughness caused by landuse change, the tsunami hazard in coastal areas may also increase [2].
The increase in population in an area will result in an increase in land demand and cause the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land [3].This is due to the fact that land cannot be expanded so that the agricultural area cannot become non-agricultural.According to [4] land use change is influenced by human intervention, both permanently and non-permanently on a collection of natural resources and artificial resources.Land use change aims to fulfill all supporting needs [5].Land use changes occur in line with the increase in population, economic development, and the increase in available public facilities.
Wonogiri Sub-district is one of the sub-districts in Wonogiri Regency.The increase in population in Wonogiri Sub-district in the last 6 years has resulted in significant changes in land use.Urban activ-IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012073 2 ities can be further developed because of its location adjacent to Sukoharjo Regency.Economic development and the increase in socio-economic facilities, as well as population migration in the last six years have also resulted in land change.Table 1 provides information on the changes in land use in Wonogiri Sub-district, obtained from Indonesian Ministry of forestry and environment.Wonogiri sub-district experienced an increase in the area of vacant land, settlements, and rice fields.Land use that has decreased is forest and moor.Land use that has not changed is shrubs and waters.Land use change can be analyzed spatially using aerial photographs or satellite images in 2013 and 2019 and processed with GIS methods [6].
More and more public facilities are built in various places and support the lives of urban communities such as infrastructure facilities, industrial sites, and several other things that cause land use change.Developments in the field of tourism also cause land change after seeing the potential for tourism development in Wonogiri Sub-district which is growing every year.These developments consist of an increasing number of activities and budgets as well as good marketing.Some of these tourist attractions utilize their natural beauty and some are artificial.The development of tourism in Wonogiri Sub-district has led to an increase in the economy of the surrounding community.Therefore, analyzing changes in land use is important to be considered in regional development in the Wonogiri Sub-District.

Location of the study
Wonogiri Regency is located in Central Java Province precisely located in a position between 7ᵒ32' to 8ᵒ15' latitude and between 110ᵒ41' to 111ᵒ18' longitude with an area of approximately 182,236.02Hectares or 5.59% of the area of Central Java Province.Wonogiri Regency has a coastline of 7.6 km and bordered by Nguter District, Sukoharjo Regency, and Karanganyar Regency to the north; Wuryantoro District and Wonogiri Regency to the south; Ngadirojo sub-district and Wonogiri district to the east; and Selogiri Subdistrict and Wonogiri Regency to the west.

Data
Analysis.This research used a qualitative data analysis method.Qualitative data analysis is a method carried out by processing data, organizing data, and sorting it into something that can be managed.We used digital data analysis as the main data analysis technique.Digital analysis itself is the use of software programs to process the data that has been obtained.We presented our research results by displaying a map of the distribution and type of rice fields accompanied by information on location, land area, and complementary data attributes on the map [7,8].The data anaysis process was implemented by reviewing all of the available data from various sources.The geographic analysis method used in this study is an overlay analysis.In the overlay analysis, the concept of location can be divided into two, namely absolute location and relative location.Absolute location is defined by the location on the earth's surface determined by the coordinate system of latitude and longitude.The absolute location can determine a certain phenomenon in the earth's surface space, while relative location is an object whose value is determined by other objects outside it.It is also often called an area that can be viewed from the position of an area against the conditions of the surrounding area.For example, this research overlays the population density map with the land change map, so that it can analyze the effect of population density on land change.

Distribution of land change in Wonogiri sub-district in 2013 and 2019
Table 2 below describes the land use area of each village in Wonogiri Subdistrict in 2013.The data were obtained from the database of Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and Environment.There were 7 types of land use in Wonogiri Subdistrict in 2013, namely rice fields, settlements and places of activity, vacant land, moor, water, forest, and shrubs.The most extensive land use was rice fields with an area of 2995.17 hectares, followed by settlements and places of activity 2258.41 hectares, then moorland with an area of 1666.77hectares, forest 1291.97 hectares, water 107.43 hectares, vacant land 95.75 hectares, and shrubs 41.24 hectares.Figure 3 shows the land distribution of Wonogiri Subdistrict in 2013.
In 2019, there were still the same 7 types of land use in Wonogiri Subdistrict.The rice fields still dominated the land with an area of 2823.63 Ha, followed by the settlements and places of activity with an area of 2600.76Ha; moor of 1517.02Ha; forest of 1273.69Ha; vacant land of 148.87 Ha; water of 107.43Ha; and shrubs of 41.24 Ha. Figure 4 shows the spatial distribution of land use in Wonogiri Sub-district in 2019  The distribution of land use change that occurred in Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013 and 2019 can be seen by overlaying the 2013 and 2019 land use maps with a spatial approach.The area of Wonogiri Sub-district is 8486.67 hectares with various kinds of changes in it, one of the biggest changes in the 2013-2019 period was settlements with a total area of 332.04 hectares.Due to the growth of settlements, several land uses reduced, such as rice fields, moorlands, and vacant land.There were several factors that cause residential land to increase in Wonogiri Sub-district, one of which was population growth.Table 4 shows the land use change in Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013 and 2019 based on the result of this study.The total land use change in Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013 and 2019 was 364.74 hectares.The largest land use change was from rice fields to settlements, which amounted to 171.53 hectares and moors changed to settlements 152.24 hectares, forest to settlements 18.28 hectares, vacant land to settlements 11.09 hectares, moor to vacant land 10.7 hectares, rice fields to vacant land 10.05 hectares, shrubs to settlements 0.92 hectares.Figure 5 shows the spatial distribution of land use change in Wonogiri Subdistrict in 2013 and 2019 obtained from this study.

Impact of Population Density on Land Use Change in Wonogiri Sub-district
Land use is all human intervention, both sedentary and mobile against a group of natural resources and artificial resources, which as a whole is called land, with the aim of meeting both material and needs [4].Population growth and population density are one of the factors that can influence land develop-ment in all regions, one of which is Wonogiri Subdistrict, if we look back at the land change map in Wonogiri Subdistrict, there are many land changes into settlements.The data table comparing population and population density in Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013 and 2019 is shown in Table 5.
The table shows that the largest population growth in Wonogiri Subdistrict was in Wonokerto Village with 1233 people, then Wonoharjo with 1222 people, Purworejo with 1178 people, and Giriwono with 1176 people.Meanwhile, the least population growth was in Wonokarto Village with 223 people, Giripurwo with 314 people, Sendang with 395 people, and Wuryorejo with 398 people.The highest increase in population density was in Wonoharjo village with an increase in density of 220 people/km², Wonokerto 207 people/km², Sonoharjo 196 people/km², Purwosari 145 people/km², while the smallest increase in population density was in Sendang village with an increase of 39 people/km².The increase in population density is caused by the growing population.

Discussion
Land Use Change in Wonogiri Sub-district cannot be separated from the needs of the community who want to fulfill primary and secondary needs.The area of land use in Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013 and 2019 was 8456.67 Ha.The analysis of land change in Wonogiri sub-district was carried out by comparing land use research in 2013 and 2019.Over a period of 6 years Wonogiri sub-district experienced changes with an area of 364.76 Ha.The most dominant land changes in general are rice fields, moor, forests, vacant land, and shrubs.The change in land area was caused by changes in land use change as settlements, industry, and trade that occurred between 2013-2019.This occurred due to population growth and to improve the economy in Wonogiri Sub-district.land changes due to excessive human activity [9,10].
The largest land change was from rice fields to settlements, which amounted to 171.53 hectares and moor to settlements, which amounted to 152.24 hectares.Based on data per village, the largest land change was found in Blulusur Village with 63.76 Ha, Giriwono 57.76 Ha, and Purworejo 41.04 Ha.Meanwhile, the smallest land changes were found in the villages of Giritirto 3.16 ha, Sonoharjo 7.34 ha, and Wonoharjo 10.39 ha.
Wonogiri Sub-district experienced a population increase of 11,160 people in the 6-year period from 2013 to 2019.The population increase was caused by the increasing birth rate and people migrating to Wonogiri Sub-district.The increase in population causes land change.Population density in Wonogiri Sub-district also increased by 132 people/km², from 924 people/km² to 1056 people/km².The increase in population is one of the factors that influence land use change.The population density increases with the increase in population each year, as well as in-migration to Wonogiri Subdistrict and the increase in birth rate.Peru-land use materials caused by population density can affect land use change, especially the increase in the number of settlements, the increase in building land use and make land use value more productive.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Workflow implemented in this study 2.2.Data Management and Analysis 2.2.1.Data Preparation and Processing.The whole process regarding to this study is depicted in Figure 2.This study compared the development of built-up land in Wonogiri Sub-District in 2013 and 2019 by intersecting overlay data processing method.We used the design map of Indonesia (RBI) spatial data of Wonogiri Regency.We utilized the secondary data of wonogiri sub-district land use in 2013 and primary data of image from maxar wonogiri sub-district in 2019 that needs to be interpreted and digitized, resulting in wonogiri sub-district land use data in 2013 and 2019.Then the map of land change in Wonogiri sub-district were overlayed with the intersect overlay method.To conduct the study map, we utilized ArcGis 10.3 program.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Land Use Map of Wonogiri Sub-district 2019

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Map of land use change of Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013-2019

Table 1 .
land use table 2013 and 2019 in Wonogiri Sub-District

Table 2 .
Land Use of Wonogiri Sub-district in 2013 Lots of land had switched into residential land uses.This was a result of the rate of population growth in Wonogiri Sub-district.The following table 3 describes the land use conditions in Wonogiri Subdistrict in 2019, and the data were retrieved from the database of Indonesian Ministry of Forestry and Environment.
Figure 3. Land Use Map of Wonogiri Sub-district 2013 Wonogiri Sub-District in 2019 after observation with imagery experienced land use changes.

Table 4 .
Distribution of Land Use Change in Wonogiri Sub-district

Table 5 .
[9,11]tion Growth and Population Density in Wonogiri Sub-District[9,11]Land conversion cannot be separated from the characteristics of the community to meet their needs, namely primary and secondary needs.Wonogiri sub-district experienced the development of built-up land from 2013 to 2019, with a change area of 364.76 Ha.The largest land change is rice fields turned into settlements, which amounted to 171.53 Ha and moorland turned into settlements 152.24Ha.The region with the largest change is Blulusur Village with a change area of 63.76 Ha.