The relationship between student’s knowledge and responses to flood disasters

Khalifatullah Islamic High School in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java is one of the schools that affected by the flood. This research aimed to analyze the relationship between the knowledge levels and the level of response of students of Khalifatullah Islamic High School related to the flood. This research was a quantitative descriptive study involving 75 students as participants. This research used a saturated sampling technique, which means that the population was used as a sample. The data were collected by questionnaire using the Likert scale and were analyzed using product-moment correlation tests. The results showed that the level of students’ knowledge about the flood was in the high category with an average score of 62.65. The level of student response to flooding was in the high category with an average score of 57.92. There was a relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of student response to the flood which is indicated by the significance value of the person product moment correlation test of 0.001. The research results show that the higher the students’ knowledge about floods, the more they will have the right attitude when a flood occurs, so it is urgent to increase their knowledge about floods.


Introduction
Indonesia is in an area with a tropical climate and is passed by two monsoons, which change every half year between the west and east monsoon [1] .The condition of Indonesia's territory, which is located on the equator and has a tropical climate, means that Indonesia only has two seasons, namely the dry and rainy seasons.During the dry season and low rainfall, it can cause drought and forest fires.During the rainy season and high rainfall, it can cause typhoons, landslides, and floods [2].
Flooding is a natural event due to the high rainfall intensity that produces excess water that a system cannot accommodate [3].Flood disasters can be predicted, but the impacts and losses, both human and material, cannot be prevented, so they need to be handled effectively and efficiently.Generally, flood disasters are caused by high rainfall above average.This resulted in the water drainage system consisting of rivers and natural creeks as well as sewer systems and artificial flood storage canals unable to accommodate accumulated rainwater so that it overflowed [4].Increasing land use from non-residential to residential results in a decrease in the carrying capacity of the watershed, which increases the flood hazard [5].
Sukoharjo Regency is one of the regencies in Central Java Province which is prone to flood disasters.Based on the hydrological system, Sukoharjo Regency is an area on the Bengawan Solo River, flowing through several relatively large rivers, namely the Bengawan Solo River and the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir Project River.Sukoharjo Regency is an area where the Bengawan Solo River overflows, so floods often occur during the rainy season.Floods that occur on the Bengawan Solo River occur in the rainy season in October-April, with several points having a high vulnerability to flooding [6].The areas affected by the flood disaster are mostly in Gadingan Village, Mojolaban District, Kedokan Village, Grogol District, Pandeyan Village, Grogol District, Karakan Village, Weru District, and Laban Village, Mojolaban District (BNPB, 2019).Mojolaban is one of the districts located in the flood area.One of the schools affected by the flood disaster was Khalifatullah Islamic High School.The flooding that occurred at Khalifatullah Islamic High School can be seen in Figure 1.The impact of the flood on Khalifatullah Islamic High School was that the flood submerged the schoolyard, the road from the dormitory to the school was flooded, and the classrooms on the first floor were flooded, so that teaching and learning activities could not be carried out correctly.Khalifatullah Islamic High School is a private boarding school that provides dormitory facilities, so students will return to their respective dormitories after learning activities.Students' daily activities in the dormitory environment are crucial reasons for knowing.Knowledge is a process from not knowing to knowing and has an essential role in shaping a person's actions [7].Students who know can take action and have the ability and concern to anticipate and deal with flood disasters.
Disaster response is defined as an action that is directly carried out by an individual consciously in response to a symptom so that stimulation will arise in facing a disaster [8].Disaster response is the main and essential factor that every individual must own because disaster response is one of the disaster mitigation efforts in pre-disaster situations, during and after disasters.Things that influence disaster response are attitudes, knowledge, and participation [9].The level of knowledge about disaster influences different responses to flood disaster events so they can form actions in dealing with them.Khalifatullah High School students need the proper knowledge and attitude towards flood disasters, considering the school's location is prone to flooding.Research on student knowledge and attitudes is needed so schools can take appropriate action for students.This research also analyzed the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward flooding by Khalifatullah High School students.

Methods
This research was conducted at Khalifatullah Islamic High School, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency.This study used a descriptive research method with a quantitative approach.This type of research was correlation research.The population used in this research were all Khalifatullah Islamic High School students, totaling 75 students.The sampling technique used was saturated sampling.The distribution of samples used in the research based on class is presented in Table 1.Data collection techniques used test (to know the student's knowledge) and questionnaire (to know the stodent's responses).The data collection was carried out directly at Khalifatullah Islamic High School.The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation.Based on Figure 2, it can be seen that 61 students (81%) have a high level of knowledge about flood disasters, and 14 students (18%) are in the moderate category.The average score for the level of knowledge of Khalifatullah Islamic High School students regarding flood disasters is 62.65, which is included in the high category.
Knowledge about floods is divided into four indicators, as presented in Table 2 and Figure 3. Based on Table 2 and Figure 3, it can be seen that there are 46 students (61%) have a level of student knowledge about the flood definition in the high category, and there are 29 students (39%) in the moderate category.The level of students' knowledge about the causes of floods in the high category was 46 students (61%), and the moderate category was 29 students (39%).There are 16 students (21%) who have a level of 81% 19% 0%

High
Moderate Low student knowledge about the type of flood in the high category, 55 students (39%) in the moderate category, and four students (5%) in the low category.There were 35 students (47%) who had a high level of knowledge about the impact of floods, 39 students (52%) in the moderate category, and one student (1%) in the low category.The level of students' knowledge of floods at Khalifatullah Islamic High School is included in the high category.This result can be seen from the student's average score of 62.65.The results of this research follow research by [10], who examined the level of public knowledge regarding floods, earthquakes and landslides in Wonogiri District.This research shows that public knowledge about flood disasters in Wonogiri District is in the high category, reaching an index value of 77.The level of knowledge about flood disasters between students and the general public based on two studies shows similar results.
According to [7], knowledge is a process from not knowing to knowing and has an essential role in shaping a person's actions.With their knowledge, a person can more easily make decisions and take action in facing flood disasters and change attitudes that were previously unprepared into being ready to face flood disasters so that they can minimize the risk caused by flood disasters [11].Knowledge can be increased through innovative learning in class, for example, by using the jigsaw strategy [12].

Student's response level to floods
There were 48 students (65%) whose level of response to the flood was in the high category and 26 students (35%) in the moderate category.The average student response to the flood disaster score is 57.92, which is included in the high category.Figure 4 shows a pie diagram student's response level to floods at Khalifatullah Islamic High School.Table 3 and Figure 5 show each indicator's percentage of student response level.The distribution of student's attitudes at Khalifatullah Islamic High School with the highest number is in the good category with 45 students (60%).In comparison, the lowest number of student's attitudes is in the poor category with two students (3%).For students in the fair category, there are 28 students (37%).
The distribution of knowledge levels of Khalifatullah Islamic High School students with the highest number is in the fair category, with 47 students (63%), while the lowest is in the poor category, with one student (1%).The other students were included in the good category, as many as 27 students (36%).The distribution of student participation shows that the most extensive distribution is in the fair category, with 51 students (68%).In comparison, the participation of students in the good category is 45 students (32%).Student responses to flood disasters at school are the final result of students' attitudes, knowledge, and participation in disasters.Whether they are good or not can be seen in students' responses when facing disasters.Based on the description of the research data that has been explained, it is known that the student response to the flood disaster at Kholifatullah Islamic High School is included in the high category.It can be seen from the average student score of 57.92.The results of this research follow the research of [8], which examined the earthquake disaster mitigation response at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Bayat and SMP MBS 2 Prambanan.The research results show that SMP MBS 2 Prambanan students respond highly to disasters.The level of response to the flood disaster between students at Khalifatullah Islamic High School and SMP MBS Prambanan showed similar research results.
The results of this research are in line with the statement [13], which explains that disaster response is a series of activities carried out by individuals immediately at the time of a disaster to minimize the negative impacts that arise, evacuate affected victims either directly or indirectly, minimize material damage such as property, objects, fulfill and provide basic needs, provide protection to disaster victims, prepare refugee camps and improve initial recovery after a disaster occurs.

The relationship between students' level of knowledge and students' level of response to flooding
Based on Table 4, the Product Moment coefficient value is 0.374**.Two asterisks (**) mean a correlation between the knowledge and response variables at 99% confidence.Based on the calculated r_value of 0.374 and the r_table value of 0.227 (0.374>0.227), it can be concluded that Ha is accepted or there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of student response to the flood disaster at Kholifatullah Islamic High School.Based on the product-moment correlation analysis, the research results showed that the correlation coefficient value was 0.374, and the r_count value was 0.227.It shows that r_count > r_table (0.374 > 0.227) so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.It can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and the level of student response to the flood disaster at Khalifatullah Islamic High School.

Conclusions
The level of students' knowledge of flood disasters at Khalifatullah Islamic High School is included in the high category.These results were obtained based on the average student score of 62.65.The level of student response to the flood disaster at Khalifatullah Islamic High School is included in the good category.These results were obtained based on the student's average score of 57.92.There is a relationship between the knowledge level and student response to the flood disaster at Khalifatullah Islamic High School.These results were obtained based on product-moment correlation analysis.It can be seen that the calculated r_value is 0.374.The calculation results show that the value of r_count > r_table (0.374 > 0.227) so that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.The research results show that the higher the students' knowledge about floods, the more they will have the right attitude when a flood occurs, so it is urgent to increase their knowledge about floods.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Pie chart of students' level of response to floods Source: data analysis (2022)

Table 1 .
Distribution of sample size Student's knowledge level about floodsData was collected through a questionnaire given directly to all Khalifatullah Islamic High School students on March, 2022.The questionnaire contained 15 questions with five alternative answers grouped into four indicators: the definition of floods, causes of floods, types of floods, and impacts of floods.Questionnaires were given to 75 students.Based on the data analysis of the respondent's answers, the frequency and percentage results regarding the level of student's knowledge of the flood disaster were obtained.The data was processed with Microsoft Excel.Figure2shows a pie chart of the level of students' knowledge of flood disasters.

Table 2 .
Percentage of students' knowledge level about floods for each indicator

Table 3 .
Percentage of students' response level about floods for each indicator

Table 4 .
Hypothesis test results use the Pearson correlation test.