Community-Based blue economy development in Mangrove Ecosystems (Case study in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap Regency)

This study aims to examine the direction of blue economy development in the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with SWOT analysis. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques used were field observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study. This study adopted Miles and Huberman’s data collection which consisted of three activities, namely data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification. The results showed that there were 6 villages and/or sub-districts which were the research locations because they were located in the Segara Anakan Lagoon area, namely: Kutawaru Sub-District, Tritih Kulon Sub-District, Klaces Sub-District, Ujung Gagak Sub-District, Ujung Alang Village and Panikel Village. Some of the blue economy activities carried out by the community without destroying the mangrove ecosystem in its development are 8 strength factors, 11 weakness factors, 7 opportunity factors and 9 threat factors.


Introduction
Indonesia as an archipelagic country has most of its territory (67%) in the form of ocean, so Indonesia's marine resources are very abundant.Indonesia's maritime territory with an area of 5.8 million km 2 has the potential for invaluable marine natural resources [1].The potential for marine wealth is so important as prioritized by Indonesia in the blue concept economy which leads to sustainable development as stated by the President of the Republic of Indonesia when giving his speech in discussions between countries, international agencies, non-profit groups and industry representatives at the Rio+20 Conference (United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development) in Rio de Jeneiro , Brazil in the summer of June 20-22 2012 [2].
Blue economics was first introduced in 1994 by Prof. Gunter Pauli when asked by the United Nations to reflect on future business models in preparation for COP3 in Japan at the time the Kyoto Protocol was decided [3].Marine management through an ecosystem approach has become known as blue economy which is based on the integration of three pillars, namely: the ecosystem pillar, the economic pillar and the social pillar.The color "blue" in the blue economic concept is related to maritime or maritime affairs.Blue economics focuses on the use of waste as raw materials so that the economy is not only "environmentally friendly", but is also able to process the remaining economic activities into useful products.The "color" aspect in the blue concept The economy is expected to make a real contribution to sustainable development in utilizing local tourism potential.Concept blue economy 1314 (2024) 012055 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012055 2 which was initiated by Cicip Sutardjo, Indonesian Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries It was started to be implemented in Indonesia in 2013 and is expected to become a favorite in the future with the potential of Indonesian fisheries and maritime affairs and generate extraordinary state income [4].As described in [5], blue economy is a new concept in sustainable environmentally friendly development that can provide optimal results and resources that provide added value to the local area.In the development of the tourism sector, blue Economy is one of the right choices, because it has the opportunity to act as a stronghold for villages and local communities as the driving force behind the economy, especially in archipelagic countries like Indonesia.Blue concept The economy is seen as capable of synergizing economic policies, investment systems, infrastructure, business and creating added value and productivity.Blue economy is able to become a reference for a sustainable development model for people's welfare, which focuses on the use of natural resources by following natural efficiency patterns, but produces products with greater value, social care and without waste [6].
Mangroves are one of the rare and unique biological natural resources in the world, because they cover only 2% of the earth's surface.Indonesia is the largest mangrove ecosystem area in the world from the total area of mangroves in the world, and has the highest biodiversity [7].In 2015, the recorded mangrove area was 3,489,140.68ha or 23% of the world's total mangrove area .However, mangroves covering an area of 1,817,999.93ha are in a damaged condition [8].Therefore, through [9], it is clearly stated that the mangrove ecosystem has functional value as a habitat for breeding and shelter for marine biological resources and its sustainability must be maintained .Besides that, according to [10], the biological resources of the mangrove ecosystem are not only able to provide various valuable forest products, but also maintain the quality of estuary water as a habitat for many commercially important fish and shrimp species.
Mangrove ecosystem in Central Java also has various species and various forms, especially along the southern coast of Java which borders directly on the South Sea (Indian Ocean) where the waves are very large.On the south coast of Java, sediment carried by rivers and land use around the mangrove ecosystem settles at the river mouth to form embankments and sand dunes which prevents river water from entering the sea, thus forming lagoons.Therefore, mangroves only grow in lagoons at river mouths, including the Segara Anakan Lagoon in Cilacap Regency, which is the largest mangrove area in Java [7].Mangrove forests are an ecosystem that has an important role in terms of socio-economic aspects in Cilacap Regency.
Blue implementation economy in the coastal areas of Cilacap Regency, especially in Laguna Segara Anakan has tourism interests, namely empowering local communities with local employment absorption programs, souvenirs made from mangrove raw materials, innovation and environmentally friendly technology.Some of these things can easily be implemented in blue economy that can improve the welfare of society.Expected results from applying blue economy is adding economic value with zero waste, opening up new business opportunities by increasing the number of jobs needed.All raw materials used will not cause waste, so business continuity and natural resources will be guaranteed.Application of the blue concept The existing economy is an innovative economic model for living needs, increasing local community income and the environment.A local production and consumption system that works with what is in the surrounding environment without damaging the environment.
Based on the background above, the author intends to research the ecosystem mangroves in Kutawaru Village, Tritih Kulon Village, Klaces Village, Ujung Gagak Village, Motean in Ujung Alang Village and Muara Dua in Panikel Village as blue economy community-based mangroves in the southern coastal area of Java Island with the title "Blue Development Community Based Economy in the Mangrove Ecosystem (Case Study in Laguna Segara Saplings Cilacap )".

3
The reason for choosing the research location because in this place natural mangrove are found in several places.

Data Collecting 2.2.1. Primary data collection 1 Economic indicators blue obtained from open-ended in-depth interviews.
2 Economic location data blue obtained from direct observation using plotting Global Positioning System (GPS). 3 Location map study obtained from arc gis software And arc view.

Secondary data collection
1 Physical condition data Segara Anakan Lagoon which includes: climate, soil, water, geomorphology and sedimentation obtained from documentation. 2 Location data, area and limit geographical Laguna Segara Anakan obtained from documentation.
3 Pet a Segara Lagoon The offspring obtained from image Google Earth satellite.

Results
Table 2. SWOT Matrix Results

Strength (S) Weaknesses (W) S1
The environmental conditions are still beautiful and natural W1 Facilities and infrastructure in the form of road conditions and limited transportation access make it difficult to deliver goods because the areas are stuck all by sea so marketing is limited and operational costs are high S2 There is already a pilot project managed by a local community group on PT land.Perhutani

W2
The location of the mangrove processing center is less strategic because the house is behind a small alley

S3
The potential of mangroves and blue economic activities has become a tourist attraction

W3
The problem with shipping outside Java (still focused on the island of Java) is because there is no LH network S4 Cooperation between villages, subdistricts, DLH and Pertamina is good so it is easy to socialize and provide assistance to residents' interests W4 Since Covid, the delivery process often fails, resulting in a pile up of seeds S5 Institutions and mangrove nursery groups throughout Indonesia are running well according to their respective duties W5 There is still minimal information, especially about tourism products and culinary products processed by mangroves, on the SIMANJA application S6 Investors such as Holcim and Pertamina along with village officials as a support system W6 Information marketing is still limited via WhatsApp, colleagues, telephone business cards and there is no social media S7 Public awareness of the natural functions of mangroves and active participation in efforts to preserve and sustainably utilize mangroves

S8
The use of nipah palm leaves to make plates with export quality and has been exported abroad W8 Lack of creativity in making products because the initiative to make products is still low, this is indicated by only making processed products when they are going to compete even though they are very close to the subdistrict office where there are frequent visits.S9 There is already use of tancang (bruguiera) and api-api (avicennia) mangroves, boiled and steamed to make gethuk, and bogem (sonneratia) fruit to be eaten by geese.

W9
The lack of food sellers at the location, especially as iconic (typical souvenirs) in the area, is not evenly distributed W10 Hesti's innovation was stolen by: Kampung Laut and received guidance from Cilacap Polytechnic, and when selling in brackish forest tourism, there were journalists from interview post satellites who were curious to include their products on Instagram so that in 2021 someone would already be selling kiwel juice products in Aceh W11 The legal umbrella from the government is not optimal, especially for mangrove processing centers W12 Don't have a PIRT permit yet (still in process) W13 Limited funding W14 Not all farmer groups receive equipment assistance W15 Shortage/limitation of raw materials for small mud crabs / fry W16 The failure of silvofishery was due to a lack of knowledge regarding mud crab cultivation W17 The production process cannot be carried out directly because it is still home made, so expensive sales prices are not selling well, and if cheap sales do not cover operational costs which are relatively long and the process is long W18 The packaging is not up to standard (not neat, the product is still broken and the product explodes) because it uses plastic instead of glass

Opportunities (O) Threats (T) O1
The attention of agencies/institutions in Kutawaru Subdistrict is aimed at fostering CSR for Pertamina and Holcim as areas included in Ring 1 T1 Waste pollution carried by incoming tides in Segara Anakan and at low tide gets stuck in mangrove roots causing a lot of rubbish in the surrounding areas because waste disposal areas are still limited.

Discussion
The strategy involving the coastal communities of Laguna Segara Anakan is a dynamic process and sustainable management by bringing together various interests of both the government and local communities, science, economic and environmental interests that need to work in harmony.Publicbased here is the use of main resources that are public and must be the main actor in managing coastal resources, in this case mangroves.Management will not run well without including all the interests of the owner.Something based on community development can form a group collaboration due to certain limited resources.Appropriate development strategies need to be implemented to address problems related to coastal ecosystems, especially mangroves, through active and conscious participation, which is a concrete form of efforts to develop a blue mangrove economy in communities based on the Segara Anakan Lagoon.Preparation of strategies by taking into account the supporting and inhibiting factors of each SWOT using the TOWS matrix.Based on the strategies arranged in a hierarchy, they will then be weighted based on which factors are more important.

Conclusions
Based on the results of data analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that: a.The results showed that there were 6 villages and/or sub-districts which were the research locations because they were located in the Segara Anakan Lagoon area, especially: Kutawaru, Tritih Kulon, Klaces, Ujung Gagak, Ujung Alang and Panikel.b.Some of the blue economy activities carried out by the community without destroying the mangrove ecosystem in its development are

W7
Public purchasing power and knowledge about processed mangrove products is still low because the products are not yet familiar 1314 (2024) 012055 IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/0120555

Table 1 .
TOWS Matrix Analysis a) This research uses descriptive qualitative method with SWOT analysis.b) The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique.c) Data collection techniques used were field observations, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study.d) This study adopted Miles and Huberman's data collection which consisted of three activities, namely data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions/verification.

Table 3 .
TOWS Matrix Results

Internal Factors (IFAS) External factors (EFAS) Strength (S) Weaknesses (W)
8 strength factors, 11 weakness factors, 7 opportunity factors, and 9 threat factors.c.Based on the SWOT factor, the directions for the development of blue economy activities can be broken down into 6 SO strategies, 8 WO strategies, 4 ST strategies, and 8 WT strategies.Based on the conclusions and research results, the researcher offers some suggestions as follows: a. Government area Regency Cilacap can more notice management existing mangrove forests so that existing potential can awake and utilization resource mangrove forests can controlled with good.b.Development mangrove based blue economy public by government area Regency Cilacap need involve public affected more active again, by therefore needed support from government, communities, conservation stakeholders, scientists, politicians, and law enforcement regulations to support success.c.A number of strategy development area mangrove forests are necessary thought with carefully and ripe so that can become place / area economy important that adds income area.d.Maximum integration builds integrated tourism by optimizing local potential and empowering MSMEs which leads to community economic growth in the success of the Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs ) program, especially point 8, regarding decent work and economic growth.