Prototyping of Smart School Emergency Tents (SADAR) modular-based for post disaster recovery in education

Disasters in Indonesia caused damage to school facilities and their conversion into refugee camps, so that teaching and learning activities were disrupted. Meanwhile, students still need learning activities such as trauma healing and post-disaster learning continuity. Emergency tents that are not yet effective and efficient do not fulfill the eligibility criteria for teaching and learning activities regarding safety, comfort and conduciveness. They have not utilized alternative energy to support learning activities. A hampered learning system can reduce learning capacity and delay the delivery of material to students. This research aims to create innovations related to post-disaster recovery in the education sector so that learning activities are not disrupted due to disasters. The research method applied is R&D (Research and Development) with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate). The result of this research is a Smart Emergency School Tent (SADAR) Prototype Model with an effective and efficient installation design. This modular tent uses polycrystalline type solar panels as its power source and a knock-down multifunctional portable table that can be used as a table and bed. The emergency school tent design innovation is made flexible, structured, and can function as trauma healing for students.


Introduction
Disaster is a phenomenon that gives rise to loss for man [1].Condition Indonesia through which the Ring passes Fire Pacific makes Indonesia's level of risk disaster natural high, for one eruption of mountain fire [2].In the existing Ring, the fire formed 30 in the mountains fiery in Indonesia and partly big-scale eruptions (Volcanic Explosivity Index -VEI) > 5 in several years.Lastly, scale the characteristic destructive and disturbing stability atmosphere [3].Disasters with intensity incidents are the highest in Indonesia, such us disaster hydrometeorology, floods, and disaster geophysics, such as earthquakes and eruptions.Semeru's eruption is an example of a disaster nature has activity volcanic, indicated by magma deformation and inflation up to December 2022.The material potential is generated by activities that form PDC, lava path, and lahar path through rivers and trails eruption [4].According to [5], disaster impact dimensions related to security with humans, society, domestic, and defense.A study [6] shows that disaster hydrometeorology impacts activities, people, and loss economics, and disaster geophysics impacts height-level death.In line with the loss eruption of Semeru damaged roads and bridges that caused connectivity to be disconnected [7], disconnection of network electricity, and damage to vital buildings, as 28 schools [8] were homesick.The emergency tent has been established for learning about displacement in some areas.However, the design of tents still needs to be improved to muffle hot yet support conduciveness learning [9].Besides that, the quantity of school emergencies in Indonesia still needs to be fulfilled.Impact the potential hinder activity Study teach.
See the impact of bad things caused by disasters in dimensions security man for guarantee education in times of emergency, then needed mitigation disaster for minimize risks that occur through appropriate and adaptive space to disaster for students.Particulary, student Primary Schools (SD) and junior high school (SMP) is still needed accompaniment in the learning process.That writer designed the concept of "School Smart Emergency (SADAR) the State University of Malang" which contains tent portable and solar panels portable characteristics effective and efficient as step implementation mitigation disaster in sector education.As for the scheme from research and development.This is included in the Environmental Center category Mitigation and Disaster.Partner of development draft school emergency This is a partner nonprofit economy, it's the Management Agency Regional Disaster (BPBD Malang City).
Based on the background behind this, the development objective is as follows.1) Realize mitigation structural through two main components: design tent school portable based Loading modular system table knock-down based as well as solar panels as source Power electricity when crisis electricity in disaster areas.2) Realize non-structural mitigation through design system learning friendly child and integrated with knowledge disaster.

Methods
Procedure development This is based on method research and development.There are two main stages for applying the method.The first is stage research consisting of identification problems.They are minimal tent school in the refuge, the temperature of the tent heat, and the design of tents that do not support the conduciveness of the learning process.Next step is data collection process and related references to innovation tents, criteria benches, and solar panels.We will create solution-based innovation based on the required criteria for the user.After doing the identification issue and collection reference, deduction in the exploration stage must be a problem overcome through innovation created and retrieved bullet points important as base drafting innovation [10].The result of deduction the form three points madef as base taking solution, which includes minimal school emergency disaster for refugee age students, design less than ideal bench and system ongoing learning not yet maximum.Furthermore, there is development innovation, with several steps, including communication and discussing draft design with the development team and BPBD Malang City.Next is planning to determine the draft accompanied by the elements compiler.This research only focuses on the design of a portable disaster emergency tent prototype that has an independent power source and is designed to heal psychological trauma in students.So that the results can later be communicated to the authorized institution to proceed into the implementation and evaluation stages.Figure 1 shows the research flow diagram from the beginning of the research to the end of the research.
The tool used in this research is SketchUp.SketchUp is a 3-dimensional program that has many users [11].This application was made in 1999 by the company @Last Software and purchased by Google in 2006 [12].The function of each tool is explained in Table 1.

Problem identification and collecting data
Indonesia has a fairly high disaster risk based on its geological and geomorphological conditions.This caused many losses in the form of loss of life and property and damage to several public facilities.Such as health, education, and economic facilities.In 2023, 127 disasters will occur in East Java.This disaster caused damage to 4 schools [13].The following is a summary of disasters and their impacts on BNPB's Disaster Data page.

Figure 2. DIBI BNPB page
Source: [13] Damage to educational facilities results in delays in teaching and learning activities in schools, so special handling is needed regarding learning activities that are not only used for learning activities but are also expected to be able to become trauma healing for students.Field conditions indicate that the existence of school tents still needs to be improved.The conditions of the tents could be more comfortable and in more numbers.As a result, many learning activities are carried out in the homes of residents who survived the disaster.The following is a picture of a school tent used for a temporary school.

Design and Development Stage
Form a designed tunnel and have an angle on it, given the domination disaster in Indonesia in the form of disaster eruptions that produce ash material volcanic.Because, with the design tunnel, ash is no stuck in parts top and corners tent, it can directly getaway going to the surface ground.Besides, it is a problem with flooding and waterlogging in the tent shelter [16], so that on the hood school is also equipped with possible stage arranged the height is, so can use as a tent base when happening puddle.This tent is  Furthermore, solar panel components portable manifold polycrystalline 500 Wp agar of own capacity for operational high electricity when crisis electricity consequence disaster.[17] show that solar panels' polycrystalline has sufficient sensitivity for catch energy although cloudy.Superiority This is supported by research [18] that found that module polycrystalline can produce Power actual average and efficiency higher, namely 86.83 W and 11.92%, if compared to module amorphous.The dimensions of solar panels are length: 2.2 meters and width: 1.1 meters with a thickness of 0.04 meters.Solar panels are portable and equipped with functioning stems as stable solar panels that can arrange height, so solar panel height from land is flexible.More obviously, the solar panel design is presented in the image below.Table chairs are student-designed portable for making it easier to transfer equipment.Construction table chairs designed with system knock down (unload install) that loads mattress.This table's portable can be folded following the needs of the user.At night, the mat can be placed on top of the table to be used as bedding during the learning process, the mat can be used as a seat for students.Because the mat used is mattress folding.Materials used for the table are aluminum as connectors and wood as coaster table.Dimensions table school for length = 50 cm, width = 62 cm, and height = 37 cm which adjusts size table ideal for students in Indonesia [19].
Draft carried tent in design This be equipped with device supporters learning, that is designed table multifunctional, functional First used as facility Study students, meanwhile function second used as place Sleep for refugees.This tent is also equipped with tool evacuation, box health, tools communication and information (Handy Talky (HT), Global Positioning System (GPS) and megaphone), tools search rescue and evacuation (helmets, jackets, rain suits, breathing apparatus, IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/0120417 binoculars, vertical rescue, tripod rescue), tools need base ( stretcher folding, spiral stretcher ), as well as tool warehousing ( stairs ).
Structural mitigation embodied through a number of stages.They are (1) trauma healing, with give accompaniment psychological for students, (2) after psychological students recover, then will be applied learning integrated with disaster eruption, as an example Social Sciences (IPS) and mathematics that teach and deliver chance student for analyze reason disaster and explain responsive emergency disaster as well as count level risk disaster accompanied material strengthening economy post-disaster, Natural Science (IPA) through planting plant staples and herbs for increase resilience food as well as ensure availability drugs, and finally language arts that teach student for make a poster or plaque track evacuation and education rescue self when happen disaster.
After preparation, draft school intelligent emergency "SADAR" model and construct design tents, tables, and solar panels portable on the accompanying SketchUp prototype application.Step final is deployment, i.e., submission results design on partners.The procedure is based on research [20,21].Researchdevelopment this time system-based purposeful education for responding to an incident disaster.The system applied education consists of mitigating natural disasters structural and nonstructural.Mitigation disaster structural embodied in form tent "SADAR" school with safe and durable construction earthquake.The tens also equipped with equipment rescue during disaster (intermediate period plan).To use increased functionality tent For activity study, team developers also designed a modular-based tent [22] in the form of a table portable modulus (plan period medium) and modular solar panels (plan period short) as source Power energy when crisis electricity consequence disaster.
Mitigation of non-structural disasters embodied in form system learning friendly child and integrated with knowledge disaster.In the framework, implement ideas filed in the proposal and disseminate the idea of the "SADAR" School model.The team developer has made several purposeful efforts to communicate an idea to the audience and partners, as well as get possible input using a perfect concept conceived and designed concept.

Communication and Discussion Stage.
Communication and discussions carried out by the team developer aim to align the concept to fit with conditions on the ground.The development team intertwine communication and discussion with various party, fine internal parties (team researchers and developers for adapt realization draft with nominal funding) or party external ones.They are partners (Community Management Agency Regional Disaster -Malang City BPBD), team technician (cons from designer construction tents and executioners design construction tent),as well as international seminar forums disaster.Communication and discussion with Malang City BPBD have been done as many three times, with the following description.1) Activity First done in stages preparation of proposals (intertwine cooperation and discuss needs emergencies moment during disaster).2) Activity second was done at the start of implementation ideas (15 -17 June 2023) to discuss more carry-on related draft "SADAR" school with BPBD.The "SADAR" school model that the team researcher-developer has arranged will be delivered to BPBD so the team can know the suitability design of the "SADAR" School model with the needed field.Based on communication and discussion on stage secondly, the team developer got several results, which include: the BPBD provides input For expand size tent To use increase efficiency tent in accommodate the student in amount many (because amount aged refugees school elementary and intermediate belong large), separates room teaching and administration "SADAR" school with room class ( remember team teacher need room alone in the drafting process materials and management administration for learning more comfortable as well as conducive.This is done To give comfort and safety administration because the room class characteristics are multifunctional as location study and rest students, so should be separated), as well as provide a room connector between room teachers with "SADAR" school for facilitating student monitoring).3) Activity third was conducted on 2 -5 August 2023, with form activity form communication and discussion with related BPBDs re-design results as response adjustment conditions on the ground.The size and number of main poles meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of runway pipes meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of pipes connecting the main pole meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of curved pipes of the roof frame meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of roof connecting pipes meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of L model connectors meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of model T connectors meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of connectors model Y edge roof frame meet BPBD standards 4 The size and number of connectors model Y edge roof frame meet BPBD standards 4 The basic material and shape of the pegs, Leter D, Retlesting, and head of retlesting meet BPBD standards Average Percentage 96% The feasibility test of the tent shows a figure of 96% so it is suitable for use.As for the application of complementary media, advanced trials still need to be carried out.The following is documentation of the development of SADAR that has been carried out.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Flow diagram Procedure Development

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. School tents at SD Sumbertangkil 1Source:[15] 6 m long, 4 m wide, and 3 m high roof, a tall wall is 3 m.Complementary elements The tent has several windows, two fruits on each wall ( dimensions 100 cm x 100 cm), and two fruit doors in sections front and back with dimensions door 1.2 m x 2 m.Material tents in the form of PVC or Polyester 450/510 GSM are waterproof, lightweight, and not hot.As for specification, the framework tent includes a frame tent made of black pipe 40 mm in diameter, 1.5 mm thick, and a connector in the form of a black pipe with a diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 1.5 mm.

4
The basic material, size, and durability of the main pole reinforcement Webbing Tape meet BPBD standards 4 Basic material, size, and durability Webbing Tape Roof pole reinforcement meets BPBD standards 4 Seam material, density, spacing, and seam strength meet BPBD standards 4 Quality, durability, and painting technology meet BPBD standards 3 The material and strength of the tent base meet BPBD standards 3

Table 1 .
Tools function in SketchUp Emergency Tent School Smart (conscious) designed for recovery education post-disaster.Design tent: This source-friendly personal energy environment of solar panels and designed multifunctional table as a table study and place Sleep For rest.Besides, "SADAR" is used modularly for trauma healing students To create resilience, emotional, and psychological students post-disaster as an effort in non-structural mitigation.Authorized institutions can implement and evaluate the SADAR prototype as a better postdisaster recovery effort, especially in education.