The integration spatial pattern of disaster mitigation based on local community: sikka district community case studies

The local community is a pillar of life in society, one of which is in disaster mitigation, the Sikka Krowe community who lives around Mount Egon has its local wisdom in disaster mitigation. Sampling using the grid technique with a total of 101 samples. This study, used open and closed questions and analysis of assign theme data to find out an overview of the integration of spatial patterns of mitigation. Based on the results of the study, it is known that in zone 1 with a distance of 1.5 km from the peak of Mount Egon, the Sikka Krowe community still holds disaster mitigation in the form of cultural semiotic and faunal semiotic delivered by parents and traditional elders. In zones 2 and 3, it is seen that the integration of disaster mitigation related to faunal semiotic into learning in schools and socialization carried out by the government, this is also influenced by the presence of immigrants because the results of the T test show that there is a significant influence between the value of local wisdom and disaster mitigation.


Introduction
Community is never separated from social life.The important role of a community can be seen in social life, such as formulating policies or adapting to a location.Communities are people who live together in one location [1].In addition, the local community is a group of people who are integrated in meeting the needs and other conditions that interact with each other in an environment [2].In social life consists of various kinds of communities, there are local communities and immigrants who occupy a location.The integration of cultural values from local communities and immigrants gives variation to the diversity of a community.In addition, the local community have an important role in regional development programs [3].One of them is the local communities can provide assistance to disaster management implemented by the government [4].
One of the local communities is local community of Sikka Krowe who have community value in disaster mitigation activities.The Sikka Krowe community believes that disaster is a form of relationship between nature and the environment.The Sikka Krowe community lives around Mount Egon.In the Sikka Krowe community, mountains are see as a symbol of purity.In addition, the presence of immigrant communities in Sikka Regency also provides acculturation of disaster mitigation for the Sikka Krowe community.
Natural disaster is a natural event that has a major impact on the human population [5].The occurrence of natural disasters has brought serious challenges to people's lives [6].Natural disasters are bound to happen, but it is certainly possible to reduce the impact of disasters [7].Disaster mitigation is carried out to anticipate and prevent damage caused by disasters [8].Disaster mitigation efforts include increases the effectiveness of emergency response by develop preparedness plans at the strategic, operational and tactical levels, early warning systems, and public training for disaster risk and response [9].Mount Egon experiences with several eruptions in 2005-2008.The biggest eruption occurred on April 15, 2008 with the height of the eruption ash column above the peak of 2000 meters [10].Negative and positive effects can occur from the eruption of Mount Egon.From a positive point of view, the area around the volcano will become fertile as a result of volcanic eruption materials, then the negative impacts are the loss of life, damage to buildings, and material losses [11].
Previous studies, such as Setyawati's research in 2014 with the title Disaster Mitigation Based on Local Wisdom of the Badui Community, uses aspect of spatial or zone arrangements for forest utilization based on customary rules [12].Then a study by Ruli in 2016 with the title Study of the Value of Local Wisdom of the Kampung Naga Indigenous Community in Disaster Mitigation-Based Environmental Management, looks at aspects of customary values such as mandates, consequences, and pamali or taboos [13].A study conducted by Zulfadrim in 2019, The implementation of local wisdom in reducing natural disaster risk: a case study from West Sumatra sees the function of local knowledge as disaster risk reduction has been demonstrated in many case studies conducted with indigenous cultures [14].In this study, case studies chose to reveal local wisdom can become an integrated spatial pattern in disaster mitigation.This study concludes with an impact on how knowledge of local wisdom can contribute to better policy and disaster mitigation.
This study aims to analyze the spatial pattern that is integrated with local wisdom in disaster mitigation.The theme of this research is to interpret disaster mitigation with local wisdom as a capacity asset that has not been utilized by formal preparedness and response mechanisms.Thus, this research will contribute to informing the spatial pattern of disaster mitigation in the form of concentration in several zone areas and integrate with local wisdom.

Method
The sampling technique used a grid technique or sample segment, by taking samples based on points and the area of the sample frame with a size of 1000 m x 1000 m.Then the number of samples used in this study a total of 101 grid.But when comes down to the field of the 101 grids that will be used, only 44 grids have residents so samples in this study used 44 sample.The Sikka Krowe community lived from zone 1 to zone 3 with an area of 5 km from the center of the crater had a number of local wisdoms in the form of invisible (intangible) and in the form of the visible (tangible) or local knowledge, local intelligence (local wisdom), and indigenous knowledge, which embedded in cognition, affection, and connection, used to face various life challenges, including in the management of natural disasters, humanitarian disasters, and technological disasters.
The results showed 79.21% of the local Sikka Krowe community had a form of local wisdom in the form of traditional intelligence in volcanic disaster mitigation.The local wisdom was in the form of faunal and cultural semiotics, the community states had received this knowledge from generation to generation.Faunal semiotics in the form of animal behavior had to understood and informed from generation to generation in society.even before a disaster occurs there are usually very large numbers of yellow butterflies flew in groups to the south.There had signs that an eruption occur, people ware not allow to carry out activities such as look for grass or mining near mountains.Children were also not allowed to play near the river because lava floods can occur at any time.People generally understand that before a catastrophic eruption occurs, animals from Egon Volcano descend away from the source of danger until they reached settlements or community agricultural areas.However, there are variations to understood the behavior of animals.A deeper found in several villages shows that the symptoms of the descent of animals from Egon Volcano form certain groups and sometimes there are certain types of animals that are not commonly found when Egon Volcano in a normal active status.
Cultural semiotics is in the form of advice that is taught from generation to generation.The belief that after the eruption there would be a procession from Mount Egon to the South Sea.Based on public belief, the procession occurred because at the time of the eruption, Mount Egon was actually carrying out a celebration related to the southern sea.Then necessary to warn the community through loud gongs in each village.Advice regarding this procession when understood without interpretation allows for deviations in meaning.
Then 20.79% of the distribution locations of the local community of Sikka Krowe in terms of local wisdom for disaster mitigation that had been mix with the immigrants from the distrust of cultural semitic.However, they believed in faunal semitic.Faunal semitic integrated in learning in elementary schools and disaster socialization from the government.Communities whose culture mixed with immigrant communities such as Bugis and Javanese.This belief inhabits the villages of Wakterang, Hebing, and Hale.

Figure 3. Integration of Spatial Pattern Sikka Krowe Community
From the figure 3, the Sikka Krowe community still holds disaster mitigation with local wisdom lived in the villages of Egon Gahar, Egon Buluk, and Nangatobong Villages.For the zoning pattern in zone 1 with a distance of 1.5 km.The need for disaster hermeneutics based on science in the field of geomorphology in zone 1.In the P-Plot graph could be seen that the data spreads around the diagonal line and follows the direction of the histograph line towards a normal distribution pattern, so the data from this study had the assumption of normality.Based on the table above could be seen that each independent variable had a Torelance value > 0.1 and a VIF value < 10, could be concluded that there is no multicollinearity between independent variables in this regression model.In the scatterplot graph could be seen the distribution points were randomly distributed, both above and below zero on the Y axis, the conclusion is no heteroscedasticity.

c. Homogeneity Test
Where: Y = Bound Variable (disaster mitigation) X = Independent Variable (Integration of Local Wisdom Value) Based on this equation shown the constant was15,481 this could be interpreted if the X variable did not change then disaster mitigation was 15,481.The value of the integration variable coefficient value of local wisdom is 0.187 with a significance of 0.004.This variable can be concluded to had an effect on disaster mitigation, because the significance level below 0.05.

e. T Test
The statistical results of the t-test for the variable of integrating disaster mitigation values obtained a t-count of 4.303 and a t-table of 2.018 with a significance value of 0.004 (0.004 <0.05) and the regression coefficient had a positive value of 0.187."There had a positive effect of integrating the value of disaster mitigation on disaster mitigation for the Sika Krowe community" accepted.To make it easier where the price of t is calculated and t the table, it is necessary to make an image as follows: In the figure 6 could be seen that the t count is outside Ho reception area (inside Ha reception area) , where t-count is greater than t-table (4,303 > 2.018).The null hypothesis (Ho) which states that nothing significant effect between variable X (integration of local wisdom values) on variable Y (disaster mitigation) is rejected.Then the conclusion Ho rejected and H 1 accepted, the meaning had a significant effect between variable X (integration of local wisdom values) on variable Y (disaster mitigation).

Figure 1 . 3 .
Figure 1.Grid Area for SampleFor data collection used a questionnaire.When the respondent fills out the questionnaire, a plot of the respondent's location will be made based on the sample frame made previously.From the plotting results, assign data themes analysis and interpolation to determine the spatial pattern based on zones.Furthermore, T test carried out to determine the effect of the integration of local wisdom on disaster mitigation

Table 1 .
Multicollinearity Test Output Coefficients a Source : analysis result, 2020

Table 2 .
Multiple Linear Regression Significance Coefficients a