The Correlation Between Economic Activities to Water Pollution in Banyumas District, Central Java Province, Indonesia

Economic activity has both positive and negative impacts on the environment. One of the impacts of economic activity is the emergence of water pollution which can interfere with human life. This study aims to analyze the impact of economic activity on water pollution in Banyumas District. This study uses raw water pollution data from Village Potential Statistics of Banyumas District and economic activity data in Banyumas District from Sub-Districts in Figures from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Field observations were carried out on 32 polluted villages as sample points. The data analysis technique used in this study is simple linear regression. Based on the results of the analysis, a significance value was 0.663, and the regression result was t count (0.440) < t table (2.042) so it can be concluded that economic activity has no effect on water pollution.


1.Introduction
The environment is a spatial unit that contains all objects, power, conditions, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affect the survival and welfare of humans and other living things [1].At this time, the problem of environmental pollution became an important issue because the environmental damage caused by pollution greatly affected environmental conditions and people's lives.Based on the type, environmental pollution can be divided into five types, including water pollution, soil pollution, air pollution, noise pollution, and radiation pollution [2].Environmental pollution can be caused by human activities that cause damage to the environment.Activities to fulfill unlimited human needs will encourage humans to continue to exploit the environment [3].One example of an economic activity that increases the potential for pollution is industrial activity.
Economic activity is an activity carried out to earn income in order to meet the necessities of life for himself and his family [4].Each type of economic activity has its own stages in its production, which can have direct or indirect impacts on the surrounding environment.Until now, economic activity is still based on the utilization of natural resources, so it has the potential to have negative implications for the environment in the form of pollution [5].Economic activities that have the potential to cause pollution are those that produce waste.Environmental conditions that continue to be polluted as a result of economic activity will eventually become an obstacle to sustainable economic development.Economic development is a process of managing resources to create jobs that stimulate economic growth in a region [6].
Implementation of increasing economic activity has a positive impact on increasing the economic welfare of the community.However, increasing economic activity in Banyumas Regency is also one of the causes of pollution.The impact of economic activity on the environment is generally caused by industries that produce finished or semi-finished products.The residue produced by the industry is discharged as industrial waste into the surrounding waters so that it can have a negative impact on water quality and cause water pollution [8].The increasingly massive industry in Banyumas, such as the food processing or the textile industry, is considered a threat to water pollution.Land conversion for opening new land, increasing energy use, technology in industrial activities, and others are examples of other impacts of economic activity that have the potential to cause water pollution.This study aims to investigate the origins of pollution, whether it arises from economic activities or other contributing factors.
In Regulation of the Governments of Republic Indonesia Number 82 of 2001 concerning Management of Water Quality and Control of Water Pollution, Water Pollution is the entry or inclusion of living things, substances, energy, and or other components into water by human activities, until the water quality drops to a certain level which causes the water to not function according to its designation.Pollutants is an unfamiliar substance that enters nature or from nature itself, which penetrates the ecosystem structure thereby disrupting the ecosystem [9].Pollution sources that enter water bodies are divided into natural pollution and human activities.Industrial waste can be processed and reused in the process or discharged into water bodies after being processed in such a way that the pollutant does not exceed the permissible limit [10].Waste is divided into urban, domestic, industrial, underground water, surface water, and other wastes [11].
Studies in Katanopan subdistrict, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra show that several factors pollute the environment, including vehicle emissions, tofu industrial waste, domestic waste, and pesticides which significantly affect the health of living things [3].The chemical, bare metal, and metal product processing industries were the leading causes of environmental pollution in South Sulawesi in 2010 [5].Water pollution can be caused by the inclusion of other components called pollutant elements, such as living things, substances, or energy in water, which causes water quality to be polluted [12].When water pollution occurs, various human activities that require water, such as agricultural activities, drinking water needs, sewers, and even tourist attractions, will be threatened and disrupted.
Pollution that occurs in an area can hinder sustainable economic development efforts.This is because the increase in economic growth aligns differently with maintaining and improving environmental quality.Therefore, policies that are useful for managing pollution caused by economic activities without sacrificing too much of these economic activities are needed.All government and society stakeholders are expected to contribute to maintaining environmental conditions.This research was conducted to determine the economy in Banyumas District and its effect on environmental pollution.
Based on previous studies in South Sulawesi, economic activity impacted environmental pollution provided that the sectors of the chemical processing industry, basic metals, and metal goods are contributors to the pollution of the toughest environments in South Sulawesi in 2010 [5].This research analyzes the correlation between economic activity to water pollution in Banyumas District.It is also analyzed the influence of the dominant economic activity per village in the Banyumas District on water pollution.

Methods
This research was conducted in Banyumas District (Figure 1) with the first several reasons related to GRDP.Based on Central Bureau of Statistics data, Banyumas District has a higher GRDP growth rate than Central Java Province, which is 4% in 2021, while Central Java Province has a rate of 3.33%.The highest contributing sector to GRDP in Banyumas District is the processing industry.Banyumas District had 10,732 industries in 2021, which is quite a lot compared to other regions in Central Java Province.Industrial activities provide potential for water pollution because they produce waste [10].Not only industry, all economic activities will certainly produce waste that can cause pollution.According to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Banyumas District in 2021 had 113 polluted villages, which include water, air, and soil pollution.The data also shows that Banyumas district has the 6th highest level of pollution out of 35 districts in Central Java province.

Figure 1. Map of Research Area in Banyumas District
This research uses raw data in the form of a questionnaire from Village Potential Statistics (PODES) in Banyumas District in 2021.This raw data is used to determine the amount of water pollution in each village in Banyumas District.The raw data comes from questions related to water pollution in the village over the past year.Besides that, data on economic activity of Banyumas District is also used, collected from the Sub-district in Figures from the Central Bureau of Statistics (Table 1).The analysis unit consists of 329 villages in Banyumas.Apart from using secondary raw data, fieldwork conducted to interviews with the community and related agencies of 32 polluted villages.This stage will also increase the accuracy of the data because it has verified the suitability of the Village Potential Statistics with the conditions in the field.
Data obtained from respondents were analyzed using a linear regression test.The analysis results are presented as an explanation or description of the effect of economic activity on water pollution in Banyumas District.Analysis to examine the effect of economic activity on pollution using a simple linear regression test as follows: Y = α + βx Information : Y = Polluted villages in Banyumas (village) x = Economic activity domination on each villages in Banyumas (number of economic sector) α = Intercept parameters β = Regression coefficient In this study, hypothesis testing was done to see whether there is a relationship between economic activity and water pollution and to see if the regression coefficient is significant or not.The T-test is frequently used to evaluate this hypothesis.The T-statistical test illustrates how much variance in the dependent variable can be accounted for by one independent variable alone.A significance level of 0.05 (or a = 5%) was used for the test.The following factors are used to determine whether to accept or reject the hypothesis: 1) If t table < t count or the probability value is less than 0.05, then H0 is rejected, meaning that there is a significant influence between one independent variable (economic activity) on the dependent variable (water pollution).2) If t table > t count or the probability value is greater than 0.05, then H0 is accepted, meaning that there is no significant effect between one independent variable (economic activity) on the dependent variable (water pollution).

Economic Activities and Water Pollution in Banyumas District
Banyumas District consists of 27 Sub-Districts with more than 300 villages.Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency for 2021, most of the population in Banyumas District works in the trade, industry, and agriculture sectors.The number of villages in Banyumas is dominated by economic activity in the agricultural sector with a total of 187 villages, the trade sector (105 villages) and industry (24 villages) absorb more labor than the agricultural sector.It is known that around 22.77% of the population of Banyumas District work in the trade sector, then 21.92% in the industrial sector, and only 19.11% in the agricultural sector [13].
Economic activities such as agriculture, trade, and industry have an impact on the quality of the surrounding water.The use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural sector can have a negative impact on the environment, one of which is water quality.This is because chemical fertilizers contain phosphates and nitrates that cause eutrophication.This phenomenon makes the water surface experience an increase in nutrients and causes an abundance of algae bloom and various symptoms such as Eutrophication.However, the agricultural sector does not play a significant role in water pollution in Banyumas Regency.This is because the district has begun to switch to the use of organic fertilizers and minimize the chemical fertilizers in the agricultural sector.This effort has also been supported by the Banyumas Regency government with various training and financial donations.One of them is carried out by the Sarijo farmer group which planted rice with organic treatment on 10 Ha of land.5 Ha with 50 percent organic treatment still uses non-pesticide chemical fertilizers, while the other 5 Ha are using 100% non-pesticide liquid organic fertilizer (POC) [14].On another hand, the sectors that play the most significant role in water pollution in Banyumas Regency are trade and industry, one of them is the tofu industry in Central Sokaraja and Pliken Village.Tofu liquid waste pollution is one of the causes of environmental pollution and can cause disease to humankind and manage a wastewater treatment system based on the nature and character of the tofu wastewater itself.Tofu has a high content of organic matter and high levels of BOD and COD.In addition, tofu wastewater has a methane content (CH4)> 50%, as a result it is possible to source biogas energy that will contaminate water [15].
The domination map of economic activity shows that the trade sector has developed a lot in the Purwokerto, Baturraden, Sokaraja, and its surroundings, which act as the center of the Banyumas District.Apart from that, trade also developed in several villages close to industrial domination, such as in villages located in Ajibarang, Cilongok, Pekuncen, and Wangon Sub-Districts.Meanwhile, other dominant economic activities in Banyumas District include transportation (1 village) developing in the Baturraden area, services (8 villages), construction (1 village), and financial institutions (3 villages), which are also developing around the center of Banyumas District.2, it is known that pollution occurs in villages located in sub-districts which are the center of Banyumas District and its surroundings.Such as in the Sub-Districts of West Purwokerto, East Purwokerto, North Purwokerto, Sokaraja, Kembaran, and Baturraden.Based on Table 2, it is known that the District of Kembaran is the sub-district with the highest number of villages experiencing water pollution in Banyumas District, namely 10 villages.This is influenced by one of the changes in the type of use of paddy agricultural land into residential land, with an average reduction of 4,360.9m2 per year (8%) [16].Apart from Kembaran District, Ajibarang District (9 villages) and Karanglewas (8 villages) are sub-districts with villages that experience a lot of water pollution.The development of urban areas that occurred in the District of Kembaran has caused many problems with economic and industrial activities that have also contributed to the emergence of water pollution, one of which is the development of the Tofu Industry in Pliken Village, Kembaran District, Banyumas District.However, tofu liquid waste management still has a lot of destructive impacts on the surrounding environment.One example of tofu liquid waste pollution occurs in the Village of Pliken because most of its people are business players in the tofu factory industry that happened because of the damage of the Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) [15].To result in a decreased environmental quality which can pollute the environment, such as low water quality.Tofu liquid waste contains high organic matter and high COD levels (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biological oxygen demand), if directly discharged into water bodies, it will reduce the carrying capacity of the environment so that the tofu industry requires a waste treatment that aims to reduce the risk of existing pollution loads.On the other hand, the tofu industry produces liquid waste that can pollute and damage the environment.
In general, the tofu wastewater treatment plant uses anaerobic and aerobic processes using a biodegradable filter for the anaerobic process, while the aerobic process uses a bacterial filter.This tofu sewage plant is about 60%.In addition to serving as a tofu waste plant, the wastewater treatment plant also produces biogas, which is currently being delivered to the stoves of 61 residents.Before use, the biogas generated from the tofu waste digester is stored in a gas tank in a floating fiberglass barrel.This tofu WWTP has reduced water pollution in the Pliken Village tofu industrial area, where the tofu waste was previously treated without being treated.However, the wastewater treatment plant was damaged in 2008, so since 2008 until now, the village of Pliken has been polluted with water due to liquid waste from tofu production activities of tofu producers.The environment becomes dirty, smelly and needs to be analyzed and improved to function more optimally.
Economic activity is one of the activities that is quite intensively carried out by the community to make ends meet.Increasing the variety and frequency of economic activity from time to time certainly impacts the environment.Some economic activities, such as industry, have the potential to produce quite a large amount of liquid waste, such as from the tofu industry and have the risk of causing pollution if not managed properly.This pollution will certainly have a negative impact on society and the environment.Therefore, contributions from various parties are needed so that pollution-related problems can be handled and resolved correctly.

The Impact of Economic Activity on Water Pollution in Banyumas District
Several villages in Banyumas Regency are included in polluted villages, which are indicated by the presence of water pollution, as shown in Figure 3.The water pollution indicator is represented by the village's river water pollution.This water pollution shows by decreasing water quality.It's a miserable situation because some people in Banyumas District still use the large rivers crossing the Purwokerto area to fulfill their daily needs, especially domestic ones [17].According to the Head of the Technical Implementation Unit of the Purwokerto Laboratory, the polluted rivers include rivers in the Purwokerto area, namely the Logawa, Banjaran, Kranji, and Pelus Rivers.Water pollution and the decline in water quality are inseparable from industrial activities in this area, which contribute significantly to industrial waste in the waters.This is supported by the 2019 Banyumas District water quality and water source testing report, which states that agricultural, industrial activities, household waste, and illegal mining are the primary sources of pollution along rivers in the Purwokerto area [18].

Figure 3. Map of Economic Activity Domination and Water Pollution in Banyumas District 2021
Based on Figure 3.The map of domination of economic activity and water pollution shows that residents with dominant jobs in the trade sector have the most water-polluted villages compared to other work sectors, reaching 22 villages.These villages are mostly clustered in the Purwokerto area.This is because Purwokerto is an urban area and the center of the economy and government in Banyumas District, so economic activities such as trade are common.High trade in the area contributes significantly to trade waste.In contrast to the trade sector, there were few villages experiencing water pollution in the industrial sector, namely only seven villages.Most of the other water pollution occurs in villages with economic activities of services and transportation.
Nonetheless, the industrial sector has a significant role in water quality, one of which is the tofu manufacturing industry in Cilongok Sub-District, Kalisari Village.According to [19], Kalisari Village was designated as the center of the largest tofu industry in the Banyumas District in 1990 by the Banyumas District Government.This was marked by the construction of the Tofu Craftsman Monument in 1990.In 2022 the number of tofu industry owners in Kalisari Village will reach 284 people, with an average amount of tofu production in Kalisari Village being 11,843 kg of soybean raw material per day.However, it is miserable that this area's potential and advantages impact environmental aspects, one of which is water pollution in the area around the tofu factory.Based on the results of interviews with residents in Kalisari Village, There was once a pipe leak at the tofu factory, which caused pollution in the river.That pollution does not directly affect the domestic activities of the community because most of them already use the Regional Drinking Water Company, or their daily needs.
To determine whether or not there is an effect of the type of economic activity on water pollution, an inferential statistical test is performed, namely simple linear regression analysis.According to [20], regression analysis is an analysis carried out to predict and or estimate the average dependent variable based on the known independent variable values.This can also be interpreted as an analysis to determine the causal relationship between the dependent and independent variables.
Based on the acquisition value from the analysis carried out through the SPSS statistical application, the sig (significance) value or the regression analysis value is 0.663.The regression test value obtained is 0.663 > 0.05 (tolerable error rate) so that it can be decided that the X variable, namely the type of economic activity, does not affect the Y variable, namely water pollution.

Source: SPSS Data Processing (2023)
The absence of influence between the dependent and independent variables can also be seen from the t-test conducted.Namely, t count <t table.The calculated t value is obtained from the results of statistical calculations with SPSS, while the t table value is obtained from calculations using the following formula: = (/2 ;  −  − 1) Information :  : significance level (0.05) n : amount of data/respondents k : number of research variables referring to each calculation indicator, the significance level used is 0.05, with 32 respondents, and the number of dependent variables is 1.After entering these indicators into the formula and performing the calculations, the t-table value is obtained, which consists of two component values, namely 0.025;30.This value is then matched with the t-value distribution table.The t table value used is the intersection between column 0.025 and row 30, which is 2.042.Meanwhile, the calculated t value obtained from the SPSS calculation is 0.440.Thus, the value of t count (0.440) < t table (2.042), it can be concluded that economic activity as variable X does not affect water pollution as variable Y.
Although based on quantitative descriptive analysis, economic activity did not affect water pollution at 32 sample points, based on qualitative descriptive analysis, it showed the opposite.It is known that economic activity in several villages in several sub-districts in Banyumas District is the cause of water pollution in that location.According to the Head of the Planning Sub Unit at the Office of Manpower, Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of Banyumas District, there are subdistricts with certain types of dominant economic activity that have a positive correlation with the occurrence of water pollution.Some of these types of activity include the wood manufacturing industry in Ajibarang Sub-District, the Javanese sugar industry in Cilongok Sub-District, the batik and get industry in Sokaraja Sub-District, the existence of a Teflon factory, the manufacture of wigs and restaurants as well as the hotels in South Purwokerto Sub-District, as well as the operation of a cosmetics factory in Rajawali Sub-District.The existence of several of these industries is a fact that can validate the water pollution that occurs in accordance with secondary data on Village Potential Statistics in Banyumas District in 2021.Villages with specific pollutant sources arising from dominant types of economic activity influence a higher administrative level, namely the sub-district.This is because villages within the scope of the sub-district are generally close together, and the environmental impacts that arise influence each other.
In order to further sharpen the causal relationship between the two variables, in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants who know the details of village conditions in the various subdistricts.Key informants included village heads, village officials (village secretaries/section heads), hamlet head and neighborhood head.Based on the information obtained, it is known that there are 14 polluted villages out of 32 villages spread across 14 sub-districts in Banyumas District.Meanwhile, of the 14 villages, 6 of them have water pollution, the primary source of pollution caused by households.Therefore, there are only eight villages where the primary source of water pollution is non-domestic, including factories/industries/businesses.
There are two villages, namely Paningkaban Village, Gumelar Sub-District, and Kebumen Village, Baturaden Sub-District, which, although their water has been polluted by gold mining and fiberglass manufacturing activities, have not had any impact on the utilization of water resources.Apart from that, there is also Kemutuglor Village, Baturaden Sub-District, where the primary source of water pollution comes from livestock that has implemented WWTP to treat animal manure so that it no longer causes water pollution.Thus, only 5 out of 8 villages have water pollution that impacts people's lives, so the fulfillment of domestic needs is disrupted.
According to hamlet head in Kalisari Village, Cilongok Sub-District, the water pollution that occurred in the village was caused by tofu industrial wastewater and spilled oil from soybean milling equipment.The existence of this waste causes the environment to smell bad, well water is polluted with IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1313/1/01200910 iron, and the fertility of agricultural land is disturbed.This happened because the application of WWTP for each industry in the village was yet to be optimal.Even so, wastewater can still be used to irrigate rice fields.Still in the same sub-district, Cikembulan Village, water pollution is caused by a similar industry, namely the tofu industry.According to one of village official, this happened because there was no WWTP, so industrial waste was not treated and flowed directly into the ponds owned by residents and emptied into the river.The impacts of this industry include the soil becoming acidic, making it less fertile, and many fish in holding ponds that die due to lack of oxygen.Turning to Panusupan Village, according to one of a furniture entrepreneur, industrial waste in the form of sawdust thrown into rivers causes the water to become cloudy, interfering with its utilization.The impacts of this industry include the soil becoming acidic, making it less fertile, and many fish in holding ponds that die due to lack of oxygen.
Turning to other villages, according to village secretary in Gumelar Village, water pollution that occurs in the village is caused by the disposal of tapioca industrial waste directly into the river without prior treatment.This has an impact in the form of not even being able to utilize river water by the community to meet domestic needs.However, the polluted water still has beneficial value.Namely, it is used for rice field irrigation purposes.Meanwhile, in Purwonegara Village, North Purwokerto Sub-District, water pollution is caused by business laundry.According to an entrepreneur in the field of laundry services, water pollution occurs because used laundry wastewater flows directly into the river without prior filtering or processing.This causes river water to be polluted by chemicals and detergent waste.Even so, the river water is still used by local residents to wash clothes.Based on the results of field validation on a sample of villages with water pollution in Banyumas District, it was found that out of 32 sample villages, only 14 villages were known to have experienced water pollution.Meanwhile, the sample of villages that stated there was no water pollution showed a higher number, namely 19 villages.Interviews were conducted with residents living in the local village.Through interviews, it is known that each source's perceptions regarding water pollution are understood differently.Especially when the water source is not used as the main water source, such as a river.Therefore, if there is pollution, the community assumes that it is not a problem, so it is not pollution.Most of the informants said they used water from wells, springs, the Regional Drinking Water Company, or water companies managed by the private sector.On the other hand, water pollution usually occurs in rivers due to waste being disposed of or flowing into rivers.

Solution to water pollution problems
Water pollution, as seen from the decline in river water quality, certainly impacts the environment and living things around it [22].Measures are needed to prevent and overcome the decline in water quality caused by this pollution.Measures can be made through wastewater management.Wastewater management is a system that aims to purify wastewater so that when it is released into the environment it does not cause water pollution [23].Wastewater management comprises collection, management, disposal, and reuse systems [24].
Wastewater management carried out in Banyumas District as a solution for handling pollution that occurs based on the results of interviews conducted includes all four of these systems.According to a Gumelar villager, 50-years-old, the handling of water pollution due to the tapioca industry in Gumelar Village, Gumelar Sub-district, by constructing storage tanks and PVC pipes to collect the liquid waste produced and then disposed of in non-residential areas.Water pollution is handled with a management system by making a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).Wastewater management through WWTP removes contaminants in wastewater through physical, chemical, and biological processes to be safe when distributed to the environment [25].According to a Kebumen villager, 50years-old, after coordinating with related companies, this WWTP was constructed at the fiberglass industry in Kebumen Village, Baturraden Sub-district.According to a Baturaden villager, 61-years-old, WWTP was made in the village of Kemutuglor, Baturraden Sub-district, after previously checking for the presence of pollution.The government also facilitates WWTP making in the tofu industry in Kalisari Village, Cilongok Sub-district through the Ministry of Research and Technology according to a hamlet head of Kalisari Village, 54-years-old.
Meanwhile, wastewater management in reuse is used as a solution for handling pollution in Cikembulan Village, Cilongok Sub-district.According to a Cikembulan villager 40-years-old, the wastewater from the tofu industry in this village is reprocessed into biogas (biolita).Reuse of waste is also carried out in Melung village, Kedungbanteng Sub-district, by making small waterways to drain waste from livestock activities directly into the rice fields (a very small amount) according to a Melung villager, 50-years-old.Reusing the generated waste can reduce the potential for pollution and generate added value.
The existence of a solution to the pollution, as previously mentioned, is effective because the pollution no longer occurs.However, this effectiveness only applies to some polluted villages because its implementation has several obstacles.As happened in Kalisari Village, where WWTP has not been facilitated in several existing tofu industries, biogas production from tofu waste is not running optimally.From six existing Biolita processing equipment, only three are still not operating optimally (lots of damage).Apart from that, there are also obstacles in the form of damage to the WWTP machine because it is not adequately maintained, as happened in Cikembulan Village.This problem is what causes pollution still occur.
It is necessary to pay attention to handling water pollution due to economic activities in Banyumas District because there are still villages with pollution.Several villages still have not received a solution to handling the pollution problems.Therefore, good synergy is needed between the government, business actors, and the community to solve these problems.Pollution control measures generally have 2 principles, namely technical and non-technical measures.Business actors carry out technical measures by implementing wastewater management and efficiency in the production process to minimize the waste produced.Meanwhile, the government can carry out non-technical measures by making laws and regulations related to waste management [11].Besides that, the community can also play a non-technical role by monitoring and reporting pollution indications to related parties.

4.Conclusion
Banyumas District, in general, has dominant activity in the agricultural sector.However, the sector with a large enough role in pollution is the trade sector, as shown by the number of polluted villages.High trade in the area contributes significantly to trade waste.The industrial sector also has a significant role in water quality.Based on the results of field validation, only 14 villages out of 32 samples are still experiencing water pollution.This is because most respondents feel they are not affected by water pollution because they do not use water from polluted sources (rivers) daily.Obtained a significance result of 0.663, and the regression result is the calculated value (0.440) < t table (2.042), which means that the X variable, namely the type of economic activity, does not affect the Y variable, namely water pollution.This is because the dominant pollutant source in Banyumas District comes from domestic waste rather than the result of economic activity.Economic activities such as industry and agriculture in Banyumas District have been managed effectively, for example, by making WWTPs to reduce environmental impact.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Map of Economic Activity Domination for Each Village in Banyumas District 2021 Source : Data Processing (2023)

Table 1 .
Variables and Data Sources in Research

Table 3 .
Calculation of the value of simple linear regression analysis and T-test through the SPSS statistical software a Dependent Variable : Water Pollution b Predictors : (Constant), Economy Activities

Table 4 .
Field Validation Results in Sample Villages with Water Pollution in Banyumas District